menun.

Brit.

/ˈmɛnjuː/, U.S.

/ˈmɛnju/

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French menu.

Etymology: < French menu, uses as noun (see below) of menu unimportant (c1050 in Old French), small (c1100 in Old French) < classical Latin minūtus minute adj. Sense 1 is earliest in Middle French as les menus , short for le menu peuple (compare Old French la gent menude , the earliest attestation of the adjective); sense 2 is found from 1718 in French, the connection of sense being that the menu is a detailed list of the items making up a meal. Compare menus plaisirs n.

†I. Senses relating to social position.

1. The common people. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social class > the common people > [noun]

folkc888

peoplea1325

frapec1330

commona1350

common peoplea1382

commonsa1382

commontya1387

communityc1400

meiniec1400

commonaltya1425

commonsa1500

vulgarsa1513

many1526

meinie1532

multitude1535

the many-headed beast (also monster)1537

number1542

ignobility1546

commonitya1550

popular1554

populace1572

popularya1578

vulgarity?1577

populacya1583

rout1589

the vulgar1590

plebs1591

mobile vulgusc1599

popularity1599

ignoble1603

the million1604

plebe1612

plebeity1614

the common filea1616

the herda1616

civils1644

commonality1649

democracy1656

menu1658

mobile1676

crowd1683

vulgusa1687

mob1691

Pimlico parliament?1774

citizenry1795

polloi1803

demos1831

many-headed1836

hoi polloi1837

the masses1837

citizenhood1843

John Q.1922

wimble-wamble1937

1658 F. Osborne Advice to Son (1673) 2 The Sons of the Menu lying so long under this lazie course.

1658 F. Osborne Advice to Son (1673) 190 Which..may better become the Gentry, than the Sons of the Menu.

II. Senses relating to a list or schedule.

a. A list of the dishes to be served at a meal, or which are available in a restaurant, etc.; a card on which such a list is written or printed, a bill of fare. Also: the food available or to be served at a meal or in a restaurant.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > meal > menu > [noun]

billet1577

fillet1587

bill of farea1640

carte1818

menu1830

beef chit1911

me-and-you1932

1830 Lady Morgan France 1829–30 II. 267 All beyond the cookery of Louis the Fifteenth..seemed excluded from the menu of the Faubourg.

1837 Countess of Blessington in Heath's Bk. Beauty 198 Did you not examine the menu?

1849 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis (1850) I. xxiii. 218 It was a grand sight to behold him in his dressing-gown composing a menu.

1883 F. M. Crawford Dr. Claudius (1892) 38 He was thinking out a menu for dinner.

1912 Jrnl. Home Econ. 4 245 Exactly the same menu was served in a large college dining room and at the cafeteria.

1957 O. Nash You can't get there from Here 86 Every time the menu lists bleu cheese I want to order fromage blue.

1986 D. Johnson Stars at Noon (1987) 53 The waiter brought me a menu.

1998 P. Chapman 1999 Good Curry Guide 543 Menu was wide and varied. Papadoms and chutneys excellent. Raita exceptional.

b. In extended use.

ΚΠ

1889 Pall Mall Gaz. 4 Nov. 3/1 To gain this they must qualify in Latin, Greek, Mathematics, Natural Philosophy, Logic,..[etc.]—a pretty good menu.

1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. viii. [Lestrygonians] 155 Maul her a bit. Then the next thing on the menu.

1940 H. G. Wells Babes in Darkling Wood ii. iii. 206 All the intelligent ones feel baffled at the menu of these degree courses.

1974 Some Techn. Terms & Slang (Granada Television) Menu, a list of items read out at the start of a magazine programme.

1989 Independent 6 Mar. 1/5 The Soviet sociologists will be able to choose from a weekly menu of topics.

a. Computing. A list of available commands or facilities, esp. one displayed on screen.

ΘΚΠ

society > computing and information technology > software > [noun] > operating environment > parts of

menu1967

desktop1982

1967 Proc. IEEE 55 1551/2 Software function buttons, displayed on the CRT as a ‘menu’ of commands available to the user.

1977 Sci. Amer. Aug. 50/1 A simple menu helps you enter your data parameters on the keyboard, after which a single keystroke plots the data instantly.

1990 Managem. Computing Nov. 98/1 It's unusual in that all its functions are selected from a single menu screen, rather than from an endless series of menus and sub-menus.

1996 Internet World Apr. 48/3 The tags are inserted when you select options from the toolbars or drop-down menus.

b. A list of numbers or functions stored in the memory of a telephone; a recorded list of options played automatically to a telephone user when a particular number is entered.

ΚΠ

1985 Telephone Engineer & Managem. 89 76 An information search with a query directed system could end up being no more cost-efficient than a menu driven system accessed over phone lines.

1991 Online Access Fall 27/1 A bulletin board system..is a computer running a special program that answers phone calls and presents a menu of functions to the caller.

1994 C. Pursell White Heat viii. 198 Mobile phones..have a memory for a menu of numbers and dial them at the press of a button.

1998 Sunday Mail (Brisbane) 14 June 15/4 The next alarming step could be a menu system which asks callers to ‘press 1 if you are being attacked’ or ‘2 if you are being stalked’.

Compounds

menu bar n. Computing a horizontal bar, typically located at the top of a screen or window below the title bar, from which commands may be selected from drop-down menus.

ΚΠ

1983 Pop. Sci. June 127 To use Lisa, you slide the arrow up until it touches the words FILE/PRINT on the menu bar across the top of the screen.

1993 S. A. Maguire Writing Solid Code 122 A root window represents the display, and this window has subwindows: a menu bar, pull-down menus, application document windows, dialogs, and so on.

2000 U.S. News & World Rep. 24 Jan. 37/3 A wireless keyboard will allow the user to treat the television screen a lot like a computer screen, clicking on a menu bar and chatting with AOL's instant-messaging software.

menu card n. the card on which a menu is written or printed.

ΚΠ

1881 C. C. Harrison Woman's Handiwork Mod. Homes ii. 124 A menu card, with gilded edge and lettering.

1991 J. Richardson Life of Picasso I. ix. 141 They entrusted him with the design of menu cards and flyers for the tavern.

menu-driven adj. Computing (of a computer or program) operated by making selections from menus (cf. command-driven adj. at command n. Additions).

ΘΚΠ

society > computing and information technology > [adjective] > relating to user interface

touch-sensitive1969

menu-driven1979

command-driven1983

mouse-controlled1983

mouse-driven1983

greyed-out1985

1979 Proc. 12th Hawaii Internat. Conf. System Sci. 1 158 A particular menu driven user interface is presented as an example of a successful interface.

1984 Austral. Micro Computerworld Feb. 13/2 The PCjr is menu-driven, using icons to identify the programs available.

1992 UNIX Today! 17 Feb. 46/2 Users..interact with the system through a menu-driven interface.

menu French n. basic French of the kind used on restaurant menus; a knowledge of French to this level.

ΚΠ

1964 Eng. Stud. 45 22 In Britain, in any case, menu French is generally incomprehensible to a native Frenchman.

1981 L. Lochhead Grimm Sisters 47 They are absolutely Au fait with menu-French.

1987 New Idea (Melbourne) 28 Mar. 127/1 I can speak very good ‘menu’ French, but I can't say the long, complicated things.

menu pricing n. (esp. in the motor vehicle business) a system whereby repairs and services are offered at a fixed price, rather than the cost being subject to estimate.

ΚΠ

1985 Which? Feb. 60/3 Specialists seem much more likely to have a fixed rate for a job. We'd like to see the garage trade generally adopt a ‘tariff’ or ‘menu-pricing’ approach for servicing and repair jobs.

1986 Travel Weekly 9 Jan. 1 Four pricing alternatives—commission sharing, fee per ticket transaction, cost plus a fee for the agency and menu pricing, where each service has pre-determined dollar value.

1995 News Tribune 2 Jan. d3 Most repair shops charge customers by using an industrywide parts and labor guide; or by menu pricing which is usually advertised, like ‘lube oil, filter—$24.95’.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	menu
释义	menun. Brit. /ˈmɛnjuː/, U.S. /ˈmɛnju/ Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French menu. Etymology: < French menu, uses as noun (see below) of menu unimportant (c1050 in Old French), small (c1100 in Old French) < classical Latin minūtus minute adj. Sense 1 is earliest in Middle French as les menus , short for le menu peuple (compare Old French la gent menude , the earliest attestation of the adjective); sense 2 is found from 1718 in French, the connection of sense being that the menu is a detailed list of the items making up a meal. Compare menus plaisirs n. †I. Senses relating to social position. 1. The common people. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > the common people > [noun] folkc888 peoplea1325 frapec1330 commona1350 common peoplea1382 commonsa1382 commontya1387 communityc1400 meiniec1400 commonaltya1425 commonsa1500 vulgarsa1513 many1526 meinie1532 multitude1535 the many-headed beast (also monster)1537 number1542 ignobility1546 commonitya1550 popular1554 populace1572 popularya1578 vulgarity?1577 populacya1583 rout1589 the vulgar1590 plebs1591 mobile vulgusc1599 popularity1599 ignoble1603 the million1604 plebe1612 plebeity1614 the common filea1616 the herda1616 civils1644 commonality1649 democracy1656 menu1658 mobile1676 crowd1683 vulgusa1687 mob1691 Pimlico parliament?1774 citizenry1795 polloi1803 demos1831 many-headed1836 hoi polloi1837 the masses1837 citizenhood1843 John Q.1922 wimble-wamble1937 1658 F. Osborne Advice to Son (1673) 2 The Sons of the Menu lying so long under this lazie course. 1658 F. Osborne Advice to Son (1673) 190 Which..may better become the Gentry, than the Sons of the Menu. II. Senses relating to a list or schedule. 2. a. A list of the dishes to be served at a meal, or which are available in a restaurant, etc.; a card on which such a list is written or printed, a bill of fare. Also: the food available or to be served at a meal or in a restaurant. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > meal > menu > [noun] billet1577 fillet1587 bill of farea1640 carte1818 menu1830 beef chit1911 me-and-you1932 1830 Lady Morgan France 1829–30 II. 267 All beyond the cookery of Louis the Fifteenth..seemed excluded from the menu of the Faubourg. 1837 Countess of Blessington in Heath's Bk. Beauty 198 Did you not examine the menu? 1849 W. M. Thackeray Pendennis (1850) I. xxiii. 218 It was a grand sight to behold him in his dressing-gown composing a menu. 1883 F. M. Crawford Dr. Claudius (1892) 38 He was thinking out a menu for dinner. 1912 Jrnl. Home Econ. 4 245 Exactly the same menu was served in a large college dining room and at the cafeteria. 1957 O. Nash You can't get there from Here 86 Every time the menu lists bleu cheese I want to order fromage blue. 1986 D. Johnson Stars at Noon (1987) 53 The waiter brought me a menu. 1998 P. Chapman 1999 Good Curry Guide 543 Menu was wide and varied. Papadoms and chutneys excellent. Raita exceptional. b. In extended use. ΚΠ 1889 Pall Mall Gaz. 4 Nov. 3/1 To gain this they must qualify in Latin, Greek, Mathematics, Natural Philosophy, Logic,..[etc.]—a pretty good menu. 1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. viii. [Lestrygonians] 155 Maul her a bit. Then the next thing on the menu. 1940 H. G. Wells Babes in Darkling Wood ii. iii. 206 All the intelligent ones feel baffled at the menu of these degree courses. 1974 Some Techn. Terms & Slang (Granada Television) Menu, a list of items read out at the start of a magazine programme. 1989 Independent 6 Mar. 1/5 The Soviet sociologists will be able to choose from a weekly menu of topics. 3. a. Computing. A list of available commands or facilities, esp. one displayed on screen. ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > software > [noun] > operating environment > parts of menu1967 desktop1982 1967 Proc. IEEE 55 1551/2 Software function buttons, displayed on the CRT as a ‘menu’ of commands available to the user. 1977 Sci. Amer. Aug. 50/1 A simple menu helps you enter your data parameters on the keyboard, after which a single keystroke plots the data instantly. 1990 Managem. Computing Nov. 98/1 It's unusual in that all its functions are selected from a single menu screen, rather than from an endless series of menus and sub-menus. 1996 Internet World Apr. 48/3 The tags are inserted when you select options from the toolbars or drop-down menus. b. A list of numbers or functions stored in the memory of a telephone; a recorded list of options played automatically to a telephone user when a particular number is entered. ΚΠ 1985 Telephone Engineer & Managem. 89 76 An information search with a query directed system could end up being no more cost-efficient than a menu driven system accessed over phone lines. 1991 Online Access Fall 27/1 A bulletin board system..is a computer running a special program that answers phone calls and presents a menu of functions to the caller. 1994 C. Pursell White Heat viii. 198 Mobile phones..have a memory for a menu of numbers and dial them at the press of a button. 1998 Sunday Mail (Brisbane) 14 June 15/4 The next alarming step could be a menu system which asks callers to ‘press 1 if you are being attacked’ or ‘2 if you are being stalked’. Compounds menu bar n. Computing a horizontal bar, typically located at the top of a screen or window below the title bar, from which commands may be selected from drop-down menus. ΚΠ 1983 Pop. Sci. June 127 To use Lisa, you slide the arrow up until it touches the words FILE/PRINT on the menu bar across the top of the screen. 1993 S. A. Maguire Writing Solid Code 122 A root window represents the display, and this window has subwindows: a menu bar, pull-down menus, application document windows, dialogs, and so on. 2000 U.S. News & World Rep. 24 Jan. 37/3 A wireless keyboard will allow the user to treat the television screen a lot like a computer screen, clicking on a menu bar and chatting with AOL's instant-messaging software. menu card n. the card on which a menu is written or printed. ΚΠ 1881 C. C. Harrison Woman's Handiwork Mod. Homes ii. 124 A menu card, with gilded edge and lettering. 1991 J. Richardson Life of Picasso I. ix. 141 They entrusted him with the design of menu cards and flyers for the tavern. menu-driven adj. Computing (of a computer or program) operated by making selections from menus (cf. command-driven adj. at command n. Additions). ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > [adjective] > relating to user interface touch-sensitive1969 menu-driven1979 command-driven1983 mouse-controlled1983 mouse-driven1983 greyed-out1985 1979 Proc. 12th Hawaii Internat. Conf. System Sci. 1 158 A particular menu driven user interface is presented as an example of a successful interface. 1984 Austral. Micro Computerworld Feb. 13/2 The PCjr is menu-driven, using icons to identify the programs available. 1992 UNIX Today! 17 Feb. 46/2 Users..interact with the system through a menu-driven interface. menu French n. basic French of the kind used on restaurant menus; a knowledge of French to this level. ΚΠ 1964 Eng. Stud. 45 22 In Britain, in any case, menu French is generally incomprehensible to a native Frenchman. 1981 L. Lochhead Grimm Sisters 47 They are absolutely Au fait with menu-French. 1987 New Idea (Melbourne) 28 Mar. 127/1 I can speak very good ‘menu’ French, but I can't say the long, complicated things. menu pricing n. (esp. in the motor vehicle business) a system whereby repairs and services are offered at a fixed price, rather than the cost being subject to estimate. ΚΠ 1985 Which? Feb. 60/3 Specialists seem much more likely to have a fixed rate for a job. We'd like to see the garage trade generally adopt a ‘tariff’ or ‘menu-pricing’ approach for servicing and repair jobs. 1986 Travel Weekly 9 Jan. 1 Four pricing alternatives—commission sharing, fee per ticket transaction, cost plus a fee for the agency and menu pricing, where each service has pre-determined dollar value. 1995 News Tribune 2 Jan. d3 Most repair shops charge customers by using an industrywide parts and labor guide; or by menu pricing which is usually advertised, like ‘lube oil, filter—$24.95’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1658
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