malin.¹

Brit.

/ˈmɑːli/, U.S.

/ˈmɑli/

Forms: 1700s–1800s maully, 1700s–1800s molly, 1800s malee, 1800s mallee, 1800s mauly, 1800s mollee, 1800s molley, 1800s– mallie, 1900s– mali, 1900s– malley, 1900s– malli.

Origin: A borrowing from Hindi. Etymon: Hindi mālī.

Etymology: < Hindi mālī (cognates in a number of Indo-Aryan languages) < Sanskrit mālīn gardener, person who works with flowers < mālā garland, wreath. O.E.D. Suppl. (1976) shows that the pronunciation until at least the beginning of the 20th cent. was (mǭ·li) /ˈmɔːli/, which is probably due to early modern English identification of foreign /ɑː/ with the sounds written au and o, as several of the variant spellings imply.

In South Asia: a member of a caste whose traditional occupation is gardening; any non-European gardener.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > gardener > [noun]

leightonwardc1000

curtilera1300

gardenerc1300

gardener1340

curtelaina1400

hortulan1526

ortolan1526

Adamist1623

fosterer1628

gardeneressa1645

under-gardener1687

horticulist1754

horticultor1760

yard boy1776

garden boy1798

horticulturist1818

plantsman1881

mali1908

plantswoman1933

1759 Wages Tariff in J. Long Select. Rec. Govt. relating to Bengal (1869) 182 House Molly..2 Rs.

1810 T. Williamson E. India Vade-mecum I. 261 The Mauly, or gardener, next claims attention.

1822 J. M. Good Study Med. II. 860 Such people as have their feet and hands frequently in cold water or earth, such as..Dobys (washerwomen) and Mollies (gardeners) in the upper provinces of India.

1852 Life in Bombay 23 There must be from one to six Molleys, or gardeners.

1879 Mrs. A. G. F. E. James Indian Househ. Managem. 63 We soon got a mallee, or gardener, and a garden-coolie.

1908 C. Sorabji Between Twilights xii. 150 While my Mali and I did tidyings in the Garden, I spoke to him gently about the plant.

1934 ‘G. Orwell’ Burmese Days ii. 20 A nearly naked mali, watering-can in hand.

1971 Hindustan Times Weekly (New Delhi) 4 Apr. 10/7 The groundsmen and malis were being paid from the University Sports Fund.

1991 M. Tully No Full Stops in India (1992) vii. 215 She was having an affair with a boy from the mali or gardeners' caste.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

malin.²

Brit.

/ˈmɑːli/, U.S.

/ˈmɑli/, South African English

/ˈmɑːli/

Forms: 1800s marlie, 1800s– mali, 1900s– mahli.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Xhosa. Partly a borrowing from Zulu. Etymons: Xhosa imali; Zulu imali.

Etymology: Partly < Xhosa imali and partly < Zulu imali money, both < money n.

South African.

Money, cash.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > [noun]

silverc825

feec870

pennieseOE

wortheOE

mintOE

scata1122

spense?c1225

spendinga1290

sumc1300

gooda1325

moneya1325

cattlec1330

muckc1330

reasona1382

pecunyc1400

gilt1497

argentc1500

gelta1529

Mammon1539

ale silver1541

scruff1559

the sinews of war1560

sterling1565

lour1567

will-do-all1583

shell1591

trasha1592

quinyie1596

brass1597

pecuniary1604

dust1607

nomisma1614

countera1616

cross and pilea1625

gingerbreada1625

rhinoa1628

cash1646

grig1657

spanker1663

cole1673

goree1699

mopus1699

quid1699

ribbin1699

bustle1763

necessary1772

stuff1775

needfula1777

iron1785

(the) Spanish1788

pecuniar1793

kelter1807

dibs1812

steven1812

pewter1814

brad1819

pogue1819

rent1823

stumpy1828

posh1830

L. S. D.1835

rivetc1835

tin1836

mint sauce1839

nobbins1846

ochre1846

dingbat1848

dough1848

cheese1850

California1851

mali1851

ducat1853

pay dirt1853

boodle?1856

dinero1856

scad1856

the shiny1856

spondulicks1857

rust1858

soap1860

sugar1862

coin1874

filthy1876

wampum1876

ooftish1877

shekel1883

oil1885

oof1885

mon1888

Jack1890

sploshc1890

bees and honey1892

spending-brass1896

stiff1897

mazuma1900

mazoom1901

cabbage1903

lettuce1903

Oscar Asche1905

jingle1906

doubloons1908

kale1912

scratch1914

green1917

oscar1917

snow1925

poke1926

oodle1930

potatos1931

bread1935

moolah1936

acker1939

moo1941

lolly1943

loot1943

poppy1943

mazoola1944

dosh1953

bickies1966

lovely jubbly1990

scrilla1994

1851 J. F. Churchill Jrnl. 7 Jan. (Killie Campbell Africana Library MS37) 14 One Caffir..came to ask for work and when asked how much marlie replied one pound a month.

1893 R. Blennerhassett Adventures in Mashonaland vi. 181 He appears stretching out his hands for ‘mali’ (money). If the ‘mali’ is not forthcoming that very instant—good-bye to peace!

1911 P. Gibbon Margaret Harding 66 Picanin all right; plenty scoff, plenty mahli, plenty everything.

a1931 S. Black Three Plays (1984) 142 Baas, if I take now this–ten pound–and afterwards you make plenty mali out of the gold, you must give me and Grietje a job by Johannesburg and one hundred pound!

1948 A. Paton Cry, Beloved Country iii. ii. 225 And money is imali.—Right also.]

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, June 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

Maliadj.n.³

Brit.

/ˈmɑːli/, U.S.

/ˈmɑli/

Forms: 1900s– Mali, 1900s– Melle, 1900s– Melli.

Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Mali.

Etymology: < the place name Mali, probably < French Mali < Arabic Mālī (also in form Māllī (14th cent.)), probably < Soninke *Malli < Manding *Mandeŋ , the name of the traditional Manding homeland (see Mande n. and adj.). Compare Fulfulde Mali (Mɛli, Malel) the Mande people. The older form of the place name, Melli, is probably < Italian Melli (1550 in Leo Africanus) < Arabic Māllī (perhaps via Spanish or Maghribi Arabic *Mēllī).

A. adj.

= Malian adj.The Federation of Mali was created in January 1959, uniting the former French colonies of Soudan and Senegal (Dahomey and Upper Volta, having planned to join, in the event withdrew). The federation broke up in August 1960, and Soudan adopted the name Mali.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Africa > [adjective] > West Africa > specific countries

Guinean1607

Congoese1765

Liberian1823

Congolese1839

Gambian1864

Mali1906

Senegambian1911

Togolese1957

Mauritanian1959

Malian1963

Ivorian1966

Biafran1967

Upper Voltan1972

1906 H. H. Johnston Liberia II. xxvii. 896 The Melli..empire..arose and flourished in Nigeria before the foundation of Timbuktu.

1911 Encycl. Brit. XVII. 565/1 It is not known by whom the Melle (Mali) state was founded... The first king whose name is preserved was Baramindana, believed to have reigned from 1213 to 1235.

1960 Daily Tel. 24 Aug. 1/1 The Mali force..was due to be withdrawn from the Congo.

1970 P. Oliver Savannah Syncopators 106 Mali lutes, Senegal kora.

1985 J. B. Wright et al. Geol. & Min. Resources W. Afr. v. 53/1 The Mali Group consists mainly of shales, dolomites and quartzites.

2011 Mali (I.M.F. Country Rep. No. 11) ii. 30 Assuming a return to normal economic conditions in Côte d'Ivoire during the second half of 2011, the crisis in that country will leave its mark on the Mali economy for about six months.

B. n.³

= Malian n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Africa > native or inhabitant of West Africa > [noun] > countries or regions

Guinean1589

Kongo1600

Gambian1744

Guinea Negro1748

Congoese1765

Sierra Leonean1791

Congolese1800

Liberian1826

Guinea-man1830

Nigerian1860

Lagosian1897

Basenji1906

Ghanaian1949

assimilado1953

Mali1960

Malian1960

Katangese1962

Biafran1967

Zairean1972

Ivorian1973

Zairois1973

Zairese1974

Upper Voltan1975

Voltaic1976

1960 Daily Tel. 24 Aug. 1/1 Irish troops of the U.N. were to have taken over from the Malis.

1975 Afr. in Soviet Stud. 1972 303 Diversified handicrafts play a much greater role in the life of the Malis than local industry.

2005 F. Bondy European Notebks. 258 The men from Mali..found themselves new and not unattractive living quarters... The Malis wanted to stay where they were, and did.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

n.¹1759

n.²1851

adj.n.³1906

单词	mali
释义	malin.¹ Brit. /ˈmɑːli/, U.S. /ˈmɑli/ Forms: 1700s–1800s maully, 1700s–1800s molly, 1800s malee, 1800s mallee, 1800s mauly, 1800s mollee, 1800s molley, 1800s– mallie, 1900s– mali, 1900s– malley, 1900s– malli. Origin: A borrowing from Hindi. Etymon: Hindi mālī. Etymology: < Hindi mālī (cognates in a number of Indo-Aryan languages) < Sanskrit mālīn gardener, person who works with flowers < mālā garland, wreath. O.E.D. Suppl. (1976) shows that the pronunciation until at least the beginning of the 20th cent. was (mǭ·li) /ˈmɔːli/, which is probably due to early modern English identification of foreign /ɑː/ with the sounds written au and o, as several of the variant spellings imply. In South Asia: a member of a caste whose traditional occupation is gardening; any non-European gardener. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > gardener > [noun] leightonwardc1000 curtilera1300 gardenerc1300 gardener1340 curtelaina1400 hortulan1526 ortolan1526 Adamist1623 fosterer1628 gardeneressa1645 under-gardener1687 horticulist1754 horticultor1760 yard boy1776 garden boy1798 horticulturist1818 plantsman1881 mali1908 plantswoman1933 1759 Wages Tariff in J. Long Select. Rec. Govt. relating to Bengal (1869) 182 House Molly..2 Rs. 1810 T. Williamson E. India Vade-mecum I. 261 The Mauly, or gardener, next claims attention. 1822 J. M. Good Study Med. II. 860 Such people as have their feet and hands frequently in cold water or earth, such as..Dobys (washerwomen) and Mollies (gardeners) in the upper provinces of India. 1852 Life in Bombay 23 There must be from one to six Molleys, or gardeners. 1879 Mrs. A. G. F. E. James Indian Househ. Managem. 63 We soon got a mallee, or gardener, and a garden-coolie. 1908 C. Sorabji Between Twilights xii. 150 While my Mali and I did tidyings in the Garden, I spoke to him gently about the plant. 1934 ‘G. Orwell’ Burmese Days ii. 20 A nearly naked mali, watering-can in hand. 1971 Hindustan Times Weekly (New Delhi) 4 Apr. 10/7 The groundsmen and malis were being paid from the University Sports Fund. 1991 M. Tully No Full Stops in India (1992) vii. 215 She was having an affair with a boy from the mali or gardeners' caste. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). malin.² Brit. /ˈmɑːli/, U.S. /ˈmɑli/, South African English /ˈmɑːli/ Forms: 1800s marlie, 1800s– mali, 1900s– mahli. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Xhosa. Partly a borrowing from Zulu. Etymons: Xhosa imali; Zulu imali. Etymology: Partly < Xhosa imali and partly < Zulu imali money, both < money n. South African. Money, cash. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > [noun] silverc825 feec870 pennieseOE wortheOE mintOE scata1122 spense?c1225 spendinga1290 sumc1300 gooda1325 moneya1325 cattlec1330 muckc1330 reasona1382 pecunyc1400 gilt1497 argentc1500 gelta1529 Mammon1539 ale silver1541 scruff1559 the sinews of war1560 sterling1565 lour1567 will-do-all1583 shell1591 trasha1592 quinyie1596 brass1597 pecuniary1604 dust1607 nomisma1614 countera1616 cross and pilea1625 gingerbreada1625 rhinoa1628 cash1646 grig1657 spanker1663 cole1673 goree1699 mopus1699 quid1699 ribbin1699 bustle1763 necessary1772 stuff1775 needfula1777 iron1785 (the) Spanish1788 pecuniar1793 kelter1807 dibs1812 steven1812 pewter1814 brad1819 pogue1819 rent1823 stumpy1828 posh1830 L. S. D.1835 rivetc1835 tin1836 mint sauce1839 nobbins1846 ochre1846 dingbat1848 dough1848 cheese1850 California1851 mali1851 ducat1853 pay dirt1853 boodle?1856 dinero1856 scad1856 the shiny1856 spondulicks1857 rust1858 soap1860 sugar1862 coin1874 filthy1876 wampum1876 ooftish1877 shekel1883 oil1885 oof1885 mon1888 Jack1890 sploshc1890 bees and honey1892 spending-brass1896 stiff1897 mazuma1900 mazoom1901 cabbage1903 lettuce1903 Oscar Asche1905 jingle1906 doubloons1908 kale1912 scratch1914 green1917 oscar1917 snow1925 poke1926 oodle1930 potatos1931 bread1935 moolah1936 acker1939 moo1941 lolly1943 loot1943 poppy1943 mazoola1944 dosh1953 bickies1966 lovely jubbly1990 scrilla1994 1851 J. F. Churchill Jrnl. 7 Jan. (Killie Campbell Africana Library MS37) 14 One Caffir..came to ask for work and when asked how much marlie replied one pound a month. 1893 R. Blennerhassett Adventures in Mashonaland vi. 181 He appears stretching out his hands for ‘mali’ (money). If the ‘mali’ is not forthcoming that very instant—good-bye to peace! 1911 P. Gibbon Margaret Harding 66 Picanin all right; plenty scoff, plenty mahli, plenty everything. a1931 S. Black Three Plays (1984) 142 Baas, if I take now this–ten pound–and afterwards you make plenty mali out of the gold, you must give me and Grietje a job by Johannesburg and one hundred pound! 1948 A. Paton Cry, Beloved Country iii. ii. 225 And money is imali.—Right also.] This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, June 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). Maliadj.n.³ Brit. /ˈmɑːli/, U.S. /ˈmɑli/ Forms: 1900s– Mali, 1900s– Melle, 1900s– Melli. Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Mali. Etymology: < the place name Mali, probably < French Mali < Arabic Mālī (also in form Māllī (14th cent.)), probably < Soninke Malli < Manding Mandeŋ , the name of the traditional Manding homeland (see Mande n. and adj.). Compare Fulfulde Mali (Mɛli, Malel) the Mande people. The older form of the place name, Melli, is probably < Italian Melli (1550 in Leo Africanus) < Arabic Māllī (perhaps via Spanish or Maghribi Arabic Mēllī). A. adj. = Malian adj.The Federation of Mali was created in January 1959, uniting the former French colonies of Soudan and Senegal (Dahomey and Upper Volta, having planned to join, in the event withdrew). The federation broke up in August 1960, and Soudan adopted the name Mali. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Africa > [adjective] > West Africa > specific countries Guinean1607 Congoese1765 Liberian1823 Congolese1839 Gambian1864 Mali1906 Senegambian1911 Togolese1957 Mauritanian1959 Malian1963 Ivorian1966 Biafran1967 Upper Voltan1972 1906 H. H. Johnston Liberia* II. xxvii. 896 The Melli..empire..arose and flourished in Nigeria before the foundation of Timbuktu. 1911 Encycl. Brit. XVII. 565/1 It is not known by whom the Melle (Mali) state was founded... The first king whose name is preserved was Baramindana, believed to have reigned from 1213 to 1235. 1960 Daily Tel. 24 Aug. 1/1 The Mali force..was due to be withdrawn from the Congo. 1970 P. Oliver Savannah Syncopators 106 Mali lutes, Senegal kora. 1985 J. B. Wright et al. Geol. & Min. Resources W. Afr. v. 53/1 The Mali Group consists mainly of shales, dolomites and quartzites. 2011 Mali (I.M.F. Country Rep. No. 11) ii. 30 Assuming a return to normal economic conditions in Côte d'Ivoire during the second half of 2011, the crisis in that country will leave its mark on the Mali economy for about six months. B. n.³ = Malian n. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Africa > native or inhabitant of West Africa > [noun] > countries or regions Guinean1589 Kongo1600 Gambian1744 Guinea Negro1748 Congoese1765 Sierra Leonean1791 Congolese1800 Liberian1826 Guinea-man1830 Nigerian1860 Lagosian1897 Basenji1906 Ghanaian1949 assimilado1953 Mali1960 Malian1960 Katangese1962 Biafran1967 Zairean1972 Ivorian1973 Zairois1973 Zairese1974 Upper Voltan1975 Voltaic1976 1960 Daily Tel. 24 Aug. 1/1 Irish troops of the U.N. were to have taken over from the Malis. 1975 Afr. in Soviet Stud. 1972 303 Diversified handicrafts play a much greater role in the life of the Malis than local industry. 2005 F. Bondy European Notebks. 258 The men from Mali..found themselves new and not unattractive living quarters... The Malis wanted to stay where they were, and did. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1759n.²1851adj.n.³1906
随便看	correspondence card correspondence class correspondence clerk correspondence college correspondence course correspondence principle correspondence school correspondence theory correspondence-notion correspondencenotion correspondences correspondencies correspondency correspondent correspondential correspondentially correspondently correspondents correspondentship corresponder corresponding corresponding fluxions corresponding member corresponding points correspondingly

malin.1

malin.2

Maliadj.n.3

malin.¹

malin.²

Maliadj.n.³