单词 | mainstream |
释义 | mainstreamn.adj. A. n. 1. Usually in form main stream. The principal stream or current (of a river, etc.). ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > current > [noun] > main part stream1398 strength1544 mainstream?1585 stream-way1822 ?1585 W. C. Aduentures Ladie Egeria sig. B2v As a light codgel cast into a main stream without returne, caried into a Million of Myles. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 233 The neather Flood,..now divided into four main Streams . View more context for this quotation 1818 L. Hunt Nymphs p. xviii There's a whole bevy there in that recess Rounding from the main stream. 1949 A. E. Trueman Geol. & Scenery Eng. & Wales xv. 214 Many tributaries..hang above the larger valleys, and just before they join the main streams they often occupy narrow and deep gorges..cut into their older and wider high-level valleys. a1976 R. Haig-Brown Writings & Refl. (1984) 111 Few of the beaver ponds were frozen and the main stream, a good-sized creek of constant flow, was not even iced along its edges. 1981 A. Gray Lanark xl. 471 The small river entered a mainstream. 2. In extended use: the prevailing trend of opinion, fashion, society, etc. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > fashionableness > [noun] > the or a prevailing fashion gentryc1400 the fashion1569 mainstream1599 the trim1603 mood1646 mode1649 vogue1649 beauty1653 à la mode1654 turn1695 the kick1699 goût1717 thing1734 taste1739 ton1769 nick1788 the tippy1790 twig1811 latest1814 dernier mot1834 ticket1838 kibosh1880 last cry1887 le (or the) dernier cri1896 flavour of the month (or week)1946 vague1962 the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > tendency > [noun] > prevailing tendency or spirit mainstream1599 current1613 stream1614 spirita1616 tone1641 power curve1968 1599 Warning for Faire Women ii. 3 You have..by gradations seen how we have grown into the main stream of our tragedy. 1831 Carlyle in Foreign Q. Rev. viii. 355 But after Luther's day, the Didactic Tendency again sinks to a lower level; mingles with manifold other tendencies; among which, admitting that it still forms the main stream, it is no longer so pre-eminent, positive, and universal, as properly to characterize the whole. 1865 M. Arnold Ess. Crit. v. 171 Byron and Shelley will be long remembered..for their..Titanic effort to flow in the main stream of modern literature. a1908 E. F. Fenollosa Epochs Chinese & Japanese Art (1912) I. ix. 197 Several phases of Kamakura art..went on parallel to the main stream of secular makimono painting. 1938 F. M. Ford Let. Oct. (1965) 302 The very considerable influence that Mr. Pound..exercised on literary mainstreams. 1988 A. N. Wilson Tolstoy vii. 170 He could not function inside any mainstream. He had to be an outsider. 3. The stream of mainstream smoke from a cigarette, cigar, or pipe; cf. sense B. 1. Contrasted with sidestream n. 3. ΚΠ 1935 Jrnl. Agric. Res. 51 274 Cigarettes with a moisture content of 11.13 percent contained more nicotine in the side stream than in the main stream. 1945 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 31 390 The smoker who gets the main stream through the cigarette or pipe stem has a more acid material thereby receiving his nicotine (alkaloid) as salts which are less irritating. 2001 Biol. Chem. 382 1613 The generation of nitric oxide (NO), a gaseous free radical, was observed in NO spin trapping solution bubbled with the filtered main-stream of cigarette smoke. 4. Education (originally North American). A stream or class for pupils without special needs. Cf. mainstream v. 1. ΚΠ 1975 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 22 Jan. 9/1 New Canadian programs are aimed at getting immigrant students into English mainstream as quickly as possible. 1991 B. Cox Cox on Cox (BNC) 106 The procedures of the 1981 Act ensure that statements are drawn up on the basis of the pupil's individual needs, but with the general aim of ensuring, as far as possible, an education comparable with that of the pupil's age group in the mainstream. 1994 Daily Tel. 2 Aug. 19/4 The committee urged integration of physically and mentally handicapped children into the educational ‘mainstream’. Segal supported this, although with reservations. ‘You cannot mainstream everyone,’ he contended. B. adj. 1. Designating smoke produced by a cigarette, cigar, or pipe that is directly inhaled by the smoker. Frequently in mainstream smoke. Cf. sidestream n. 3. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > tobacco > smoking > [adjective] > produced by nicotinean1873 mainstream1943 1943 Science 19 Feb. 187/1 Cigarettes weighing one gram each were made..and the main stream smoke analyzed. 1956 Science 10 Feb. 226/2 There was no change in main-stream cigarette smoke temperatures until after 5 cm of the cigarette had been consumed. 1973 New Scientist 9 Aug. 313/3 The gases which a smoker draws into his mouth are called mainstream smoke. 1983 Jrnl. Toxicol. & Environmental Health 12 385 Cigarettes prepared from tobacco grown in pots..were smoked, and the mainstream and gaseous fractions were analyzed. 2005 Nicotine & Tobacco Res. 7 761 Internal studies observed changes in mainstream and sidestream smoke composition that may present increased health risks. 2. Of or relating to the mainstream; belonging to or characteristic of an established tradition, field of activity, etc.; conventional. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > a standard of conduct > [adjective] > conventional orthodox1755 conventional1833 mainstream1953 1953 R. Moore in R. Bretnor Mod. Sci. Fiction 95 For the purposes of discussion we shall define mainstream fiction as any fiction which is not fantasy or science fiction, an arbitrary distinction made in the interests of clarity. 1955 Mag. Fantasy & Sci. Fiction Oct. 3 At the time that you read this, science fiction has just received as important a distinction as has ever been bestowed upon it by a critic of mainstream literature. 1974 Listener 10 Jan. 54/2 Dick Taverne..possesses a rigid habit of mind, so far quite alien to mainstream British politics. 1979 Economist 24 Nov. 129/3 He himself has been fully trained in mainstream economics, but is also well acquainted with Marx's own writings. 1988 Wire Mag. Apr. 7/1 A fluent, easy-going lyricism was the most distinctive aspect of his pleasant mainstream voice. 3. Jazz. Of or relating to a style of jazz that lies between traditional and modern, having its roots in swing. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > jazz > [adjective] > types of Chicagoan1861 bad1897 hot1918 red-hot1918 soft1921 low-down1922 sweet1924 barrel-house1926 New Orleans1926 straight1926 crazy1927 dirty1927 hotcha1930 jungle1935 solid1935 traditional jazz1935 powerhouse1937 gutty1939 riffy1939 jivey1944 Kansas City1946 cool1948 West Coast1949 far-out1954 nutty1955 swinging1955 mainstream1957 Afro-Latin1958 1957 S. Dance in S. Traill Concerning Jazz 55 Mainstream jazz, typified by musicians like Basie, Ellington..Armstrong. 1960 Sunday Times 11 Sept. 37/1 Very broadly you can break up jazz asymmetrically into the big, simple, driving noise of the traditionalists and the smaller, sophisticated, elegiac sound of modern jazz. In between, there is a discernible third group of ‘mainstream’ enthusiasts. 1988 Jazz Jrnl. Feb. 39/1 Made at the 1979 Honolulu Jazz Festival,..this is a most satisfying set of relaxed mainstream jazz. 4. Education (originally North American). Of or relating to the education of pupils without special needs. Cf. mainstream v. 1. ΘΚΠ society > education > learning > learner > one attending school > [adjective] > form or class third form1687 upper1856 sixth1857 mainstream1974 1974 Florida FL Reporter 13 44/2 It ought to be equally obvious that the school presently structured and programmed as a mainstream-institution, as opposed by a minority-institution, cannot accomplish such a task. 1984 Times Educ. Suppl. 30 Nov. 29/1 The school also liaises with partially sighted pupils in Mid Glamorgan who have elected to stay within mainstream education. 1987 H. Pluckrose What is happening in our Primary Schools 113 Lack of support for mainstream teachers is not only reflected through inadequate training. One special needs child is not necessarily the equivalent of one ‘mainstream’ child. 1998 Daily Tel. 15 Apr. 19/2 The Government..intends to reduce the number of statemented children by a third and keep more of them in mainstream schools. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2000; most recently modified version published online June 2022). mainstreamv. Chiefly U.S. transitive. 1. Education. To place (a child with a disability) in a school or class for those without special needs (for all or part of the school day); to educate in such an integrated environment. Also intransitive. ΘΚΠ society > education > educational administration > school administration > [verb (intransitive)] > place in mainstream education mainstream1973 society > education > educational administration > school administration > [verb (transitive)] > place in mainstream education mainstream1973 society > education > educational administration > school administration > [verb (transitive)] > place a disabled child in mainstream education mainstream1973 1973 [implied in: School Managem. Aug. 28/1 The new practice of mainstreaming recognizes that the individual child may have specific learning or behavior problems which can and should be dealt with only part of the time in an isolated class. (at mainstream n. 2)]. 1974 Today's Educ. Mar.–Apr. 25/3 That children will be mainstreamed without backup services is always a danger in times of financial stress. 1974 Exceptional Children Nov. 152/2 Efforts to provide training and experiences for regular classroom teachers are not keeping pace with efforts to mainstream. 1977 Time 30 May 37/1 Education experts..fear that the money crunch will force schools to ‘mainstream’ ill-prepared students into regular classrooms rather than putting them in small special classes. 1988 Washington Post 10 Nov. dc3/1 Should the child be mainstreamed into public schools or attend a school for the deaf? 1991 Governing Dec. 40/1 She was placed in a classroom with 12 other handicapped children and a teacher specially trained to teach children with disabilities. Within a year, Jennifer was ‘mainstreamed’ for two periods a day—storytime and playtime. 2. gen. To incorporate into the mainstream. Also without construction. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > condition or state of being inclusive > include [verb (transitive)] > in mainstream mainstream1982 1982 G. M. Dalgish Dict. Africanisms p. xiii The editor has attempted to record the most well-known items [from the African languages]..in the belief that such items are most likely to become fully ‘mainstreamed’ into the English language. 1982 Amer. Speech 57 288 He would argue that the language of drugs has been mainstreamed for several years. 1993 Body & Soul Fall 65/1 Vegetarianism has been mainstreamed, due to increased interest in environmentalism and the green movement. Derivatives ˈmainstreaming n. ΘΚΠ society > education > educational administration > school administration > [noun] > placing in mainstream education inclusion1973 mainstreaming1973 the world > relative properties > kind or sort > generality > condition or state of being inclusive > [noun] > inclusion > in mainstream mainstreaming1973 1973 School Managem. Aug.–Sept. 28/1 The new practice of mainstreaming recognizes that the individual child may have specific learning or behavior problems which can and should be dealt with only part of the time in an isolated class. 1982 Amer. Speech 57 216 Federal legislation and mainstreaming in public education have helped in dispelling some of these prejudices. 1991 San Francisco Rev. Bks. Fall 2/1 This issue's Special Feature surveys and explores black American writing, arts, and culture. However, the mainstreaming of these artists has not come about through the integration of the board room. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.?1585v.1973 |
随便看 |
英语词典包含1132095条英英释义在线翻译词条,基本涵盖了全部常用单词的英英翻译及用法,是英语学习的有利工具。