abidev.

Brit.

/əˈbʌɪd/, U.S.

/əˈbaɪd/

Inflections: Past tense abided, abode

/əˈbəʊd/; past participle abided, abode, (rare) abidden;

Forms: 1. Present stem. a. Infinitive.

α. Old English abidan, early Middle English abidenn ( Ormulum), Middle English abijd, Middle English abijde, Middle English abiyde, Middle English abyyd, Middle English–1500s abyde, Middle English–1500s habide, Middle English– abide, late Middle English abeyd, late Middle English abite, late Middle English abydy (perhaps transmission error), late Middle English habyde, late Middle English obyde, late Middle English 1600s abeyde, 1600s abaid, 1800s aboide (English regional (Derbyshire)); Scottish pre-1700 abaid, pre-1700 abayd, pre-1700 abbyde, pre-1700 abid, pre-1700 abit, pre-1700 abyd, pre-1700 abyde, pre-1700 abyid, pre-1700 1700s– abide.

β. Old English abidda (Northumbrian), late Middle English abidde, late Middle English abydde, late Middle English habid, late Middle English habyd, late Middle English habydde, late Middle English–1600s abid, late Middle English–1600s abyd.

b. 3rd singular indicative Old English abidyð (rare), Old English–early Middle English abideð, Old English–Middle English abideþ, Old English–Middle English abydeþ, late Old English–Middle English abit, early Middle English abidad, Middle English abidis, Middle English abidiþ, Middle English abidys, Middle English abidyth, Middle English abitt, Middle English abitte, Middle English abyd, Middle English abydis, Middle English abydiþ, Middle English abydith, Middle English abydys, Middle English abyt, Middle English abytt, Middle English abytte, Middle English 1600s abid, Middle English–1500s abidith, Middle English–1500s abydez, Middle English–1500s abydyth, Middle English–1600s abydes, Middle English–1600s abydeth, Middle English– abides, Middle English– abideth, late Middle English abydithe (in a late copy), late Middle English abydythe, late Middle English habide, late Middle English habides, late Middle English habidys, late Middle English habydes, late Middle English–1500s abidethe, late Middle English–1500s abidithe, late Middle English–1500s abydethe, 1500s abyddeth, 1500s habydeth, 1800s abaid'th (English regional (Devon)); Scottish pre-1700 abideth, pre-1700 abidis, pre-1700 abidith, pre-1700 abyd, pre-1700 abydes, pre-1700 abydis, pre-1700 1700s– abides. 2. Past tense. a.

α. (Originally 1st and 3rd singular indicative) Old English–early Middle English abad, early Middle English abot, Middle English aboid, Middle English aboyd, Middle English (chiefly northern) 1600s abade, Middle English–1500s abood, Middle English–1500s aboode, Middle English–1600s abod, Middle English– abode, late Middle English abadde, late Middle English abayde (northern), late Middle English aboude, late Middle English habade, late Middle English habode, 1500s aboade; Scottish pre-1700 abad, pre-1700 abaid, pre-1700 abaide, pre-1700 abayd, pre-1700 abed, pre-1700 abeed, pre-1700 aboide, pre-1700 1700s–1800s abade, pre-1700 1800s– abode.

β. early Middle English abead, early Middle English abed, early Middle English abeod.

γ. late Middle English abidede, late Middle English– abided.

δ. 1500s abydde, 1500s–1600s abid, 1500s–1600s abidd, 1500s–1600s abidde.

ε. 1500s–1600s aboded.

b. Plural indicative. early Old English abiodun (Mercian), Old English abiden (rare), Old English abidon, early Middle English abidenn ( Ormulum), Middle English abidde, Middle English abide, Middle English abyde, late Middle English abede. 3. Past participle.

α. Old English abidyn (rare), Old English–1700s abiden, Middle English abydin, Middle English 1600s abide, Middle English 1700s abydyn, Middle English–1600s abyden, late Middle English abede, late Middle English abeden, late Middle English abedyn, late Middle English abyd, late Middle English abydde, late Middle English habedyn, late Middle English–1500s abidde, late Middle English–1500s abydden, 1500s–1600s abid, 1500s– abidden; Scottish pre-1700 abiddin, pre-1700 abydden, pre-1700 1800s abidden.

β. Middle English–1500s aboden, late Middle English abood, late Middle English– abode, 1500s–1600s abod, 1600s aboad.

γ. late Middle English abitted, 1600s– abided.

δ. 1500s aboded.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymon: bide v.

Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Old High German irbītan (intransitive) to wait, (transitive, with genitive object) to wait for (a thing), (transitive, with accusative object) to withstand, to sustain (a thing) (Middle High German erbīten to await, expect, also (with change to weak conjugation) erbeiten , German †erbeiten ), Gothic usbeidan (with accusative object) to await, to wait for, expect (a thing), (with preposition ana on prep. and dative object) to have patience with (a person) < the Germanic base of or- prefix (compare a- prefix¹ ) + the Germanic base of bide v. Compare onbide v.In Old English a strong verb of Class I, like its etymon bide v. The subsequent history of the forms shows the prefixed verb at first developing largely along the same lines as the simplex, although the prefixed verb shows some independence, probably owing to its frequency and, later, to the increasing semantic differentiation between the two words in the standard language, which made the connection between the simplex bide v. and its derivative less transparent. Like bide v., the prefixed verb develops weak forms (abided ) in the past tense (see Forms 2aγ) and past participle (see Forms 3γ) beside the inherited strong inflection. However, for the prefixed verb the weak forms appear to be attested earlier, i.e. already in Middle English. In the late 19th cent. the strong forms, past tense and past participle abode , were more common than weak abided according to N.E.D. (1884), perhaps being reinforced by association with abode n.¹ Currently abode is chiefly preserved in archaic and literary use. Like bide v., the verb shows some Middle English spellings with the stem vowel e in the strong past tense and past participle. Some of these probably show lengthening of inherited short i in an open syllable (originally in the past tense plural and the past participle; compare abede at Forms 2bα and abeden at Forms 3α). Older Scots forms such as abed , abeed (see Forms 2aα) may reflect the raising of inherited long ā (originally in the 1st and 3rd strong past tense singular indicative) in the Great Vowel Shift. However, strong past tense singular forms such as early Middle English abed , abead , abeod (see Forms 2aβ) cannot be explained as phonological developments from the Old English forms and appear to be influenced by the paradigms of other strong verbs such as Middle English (prefixed) abēden, (unprefixed) bēden and (prefixed) abidden, (unprefixed) bidden (see bid v.¹ and also abede v.). Early modern English past tense forms such as abidde , abid (see Forms 2aδ and compare past tense bid at Forms of bide v.) may simply continue the stem of the past tense plural abide , abidde (see 2b), but were probably reinforced by the influence of the stem of the past participle, and perhaps also by analogy with weak past tense forms of other verbs which show shortening of the vowel before a double consonant such as hid , past tense of hide v.¹ (compare also chide v.). The past tense form aboded (see Forms 2aε) seems to show double marking of the past tense with the weak past tense suffix attached to the strong past tense stem; similarly past participle aboded (see Forms 3δ). However these forms are perhaps influenced by abode n.¹ The form Middle English obyde (see 1aα) could alternatively be interpreted as showing onbide v.; see discussion at and- prefix and compare the forms of on- prefix. The early modern English present tense form abaid (see forms 1aα) occurs in a representation of Scots or northern speech. On Old English (Northumbrian) present tense abidda (see Forms 1aβ) compare the discussion of Forms 1γ at reap v.¹ In Old English a prefixed form ge-abīdan to await, wait for (compare y- prefix) is also attested.

I. To wait, expect, delay.

1. Now rare and archaic.

a. transitive. Of a person: to wait for, await; to remain ready for, watch for, expect.In Old English and early Middle English frequently with genitive of object. to abide one's time: = to bide one's time at bide v. 6.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > expectation, waiting > wait for, await [verb (transitive)]

bidec950

keepc1000

abideOE

i-kepe?c1225

lookc1225

bidea1300

sustainc1350

await1393

remainc1455

tarry?a1475

attenda1513

expect1536

to stay on1540

watch1578

remain1585

staya1586

to stay for ——1602

tend1604

to bide upona1616

behold1642

prestolate1653

expecta1664

wait1746

OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xi. 3 Eart þu þe to cumenne eart oððe we oþres sceolon abidan [OE Lindisf. oððæ oðer we bidas; L. an alium expectamus]?

lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1101 Ða to middesumeran ferde se cyng ut Pefenesæ mid eall his fyrde togeanes his broðer & his þær abad.

lOE St. Chad (Hatton) (1953) 168 Se ilca Owine wes munuc micelre geearnunge..& he abad þet uplice edlean.

c1175 ( Homily (Bodl. 343) in S. Irvine Old Eng. Homilies (1993) 176 Þa wolde he forþan þæt heo abiden þæs sæles, hwænne hit ware monnum nytlucost to cuþænne.

a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 79 (MED) Þe..wolde him seluen wreke gif he mihte, and þerto ettleð and abit his time.

c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 183 Menske & reste abit [Titus abides; Pepys abiden] us ed hame in ure ahne lond, þet is heoueriche.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 15247 Þer heo abiden wederes, for þe wind heom stod to-ȝæines.

c1300 Pilate (Harl.) l. 74 in F. J. Furnivall Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 113 (MED) Ech schrewe wole abide his tyme to cuþe his felonie.

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) 1962 (MED) Þe gryffouns..gonne stint atte cherche, þe briȝt burde meliors to abide þere.

a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) xxxix. 1 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 171 Abidand lauerd abade I, And he biheld to me for-þi.

c1440 (?a1400) Sir Perceval (1930) l. 1278 (MED) My lady, lele Lufamour, Habyddis the in hir chambour.

c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 206 Whom alle holi men fro the bigynnyng of the world aboden.

1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 21/1 We have abyden the every day.

c1500 (?a1437) Kingis Quair (1939) cxxxiii Wele is him that his tyme wil abit.

1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance xiv. f. 25 He abode an answere therof.

a1542 T. Wyatt Coll. Poems (1969) ccxxvii. 1 I abide and abide and better abide, And after the olde prouerbe, the happie daye.

1605 J. Stow Annales (new ed.) 676 500 men..abiding the wind in the port of Sandwich.

1658 tr. J. Ussher Ann. World 259 They purposed to abide him in the field.

1676 Corshill Baron-Court Bk. in Archæol. & Hist. Coll. Ayr & Wigton (1884) IV. 132 Tyme of day [being] abidden.

1722 D. Defoe Jrnl. Plague Year 22 The Generality stay'd, and seem'd to abide the worst.

1795 J. Hoole Cleonice i. i. 14 He pledg'd his faith for five returning moons To abide your welcome guest.

1799 T. Grenville Let. 25 May in Duke of Buckingham Mem. Court & Cabinet George III (1853) II. 440 It will be less hazardous to abide the event than to pretend to foretel it.

1816 W. Scott Antiquary II. vi. 142 I wad e'en streek mysel out here, and abide my removal.

1843 Christian Remembrancer June 725 Ammatas, too imprudent to abide his time, or to wait for all his own troops, dashed upon the Roman cavalry with a handful of men.

1859 Ld. Tennyson Enid in Idylls of King 52 I will abide the coming of my lord.

1909 A. M. Robbins Both Sides Veil viii. 67 The only dignified course for me to pursue was to ask no favors and abide my time.

1935 T. S. Eliot Murder in Cathedral i. 41 In the storm, Should we not wait for the sea to subside, in the night Abide the coming of day?

b. transitive. figurative. Of a thing (esp. as fate, a surprise, punishment, etc.): to await, remain waiting for; to lie in wait for; to be in store for.

ΚΠ

c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Royal) (1981) l. 1118 Þe ȝet of eche lif abit [a1250 Titus abid] te al iopenet.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 128 (MED) Þe wrechche ne þengþ of him þet hine halt, ne of þe gibet þet him abit.

a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Deeds xx. 23 Boondis and tribulaciouns at Jerusalem abiden [c1384 E.V. dwellen to] me.

1482 R. Cely Let. 13 May in Cely Lett. (1975) 151 When I spake laste wyth them thay sayd that awl thyng schullde abyd yowr cwmyng.

1482 R. Cely Let. 13 May in Cely Lett. (1975) 152 Syr, aull thys matter abydythe the cowmyng of her father to London.

a1500 (c1400) Vision of Tundale (Adv.) (1843) 702 (MED) A grette peyn abydys hus yette.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Acts xx. 23 Bondes and trouble abyde me.

1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. 1 Pet. i. f. ii^v As long as we were the sonnes of the synful Adam, an infortunate enheritaunce abode us.

1619 T. Taylor Αρχὴν Ἁπάντων: Comm. Epist. Paul to Titus (new ed.) i. 13. 260 He knewe that bands and imprisonment did abide him in euerie citie.

1640 Homilies i. 11. iii. 88 Those most grieuous and intolerable torments, which abide all uncleane persons.

1704 B. Kennet tr. B. Pascal Thoughts Relig. Pref. p. x To be informed..what Fate abides him hereafter.

1737 J. Bannatyne Mistakes about Relig. ii. 13 In the Death of Christ we have..a Sample of the Punishment which abides wicked Men.

1760 J. Home Siege Aquileia v. in Dramatic Wks. 253 One fate abides the children.

1826 E. Irving Babylon II. vi. 142 A foretaste of the fiery lake which abideth him.

1870 M. F. Tupper Creed 25 These planet-worlds rolling outside us So lightsome and glorious and great May well be the homes that abide us When come to the heavenly state.

1980 J. Langland Any Body's Song i. 15 If I knock upon your door Somewhere in another world, Let this oak abide us there.

a. intransitive. To wait before proceeding further; to pause, delay, tarry. Occasionally with specified period of time. Now archaic.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > delay or postponement > delay [verb (intransitive)]

geleOE

studegieOE

abideOE

to do in or a (= on) fristc1175

dwellc1175

demurc1230

targec1250

dretcha1325

tarrya1375

sojourn1377

defer1382

letc1385

hinderc1386

blina1400

delay?a1400

honea1400

litea1400

overbidea1400

prolongc1425

supersede1433

hoverc1440

tarrowc1480

sunyie1488

stay?a1500

sleep1519

slack1530

protract1540

linger1548

procrastinate1548

slackc1560

slug1565

jauk1568

temporize1579

detract1584

longering1587

sit1591

prorogue1593

to time it out1613

to lie out1640

crastinate1656

taigle17..

to hang fire1782

to hold off1790

to hang it on1819

prevaricate1854

to lie over1856

to tread water1942

to drag one's feet1946

OE Ælfric Old Eng. Hexateuch: Gen. (Claud.) viii. 10 He abad ða gyt oðre seofan dagas & asende ut eft culfran.

OE tr. Felix St. Guthlac (Vesp.) (1909) v. 129 Þa leton hi hine ane hwile abidan and gestandan [OE Vercelli leton hie hine bidan ana and gestandan; L. sistere illum paulisper fecerunt].

a1200 (?c1175) Poema Morale (Trin. Cambr.) l. 130 in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 224 (MED) He is sot þe swo abit to habben godes ore.

c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 173 Moni mon abit [Titus abides] forte schriuen him aðet ðe nede tippe.

c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) 493 (MED) Vor none dor no leng nabideþ, Ac eurich upon oþer rideþ.

c1300 (?c1225) King Horn (Cambr.) (1901) l. 720 (MED) His swerd he gan fonge; Nabod he noȝt to longe.

c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 7849 (MED) He nolde noȝt abide vor te is fader deþ.

c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 2118 Theseus abiden hath a space, Er any word..cam from his wise brest.

tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) i. 823 (MED) And ther is cold, thyn heruest seed bytyme Is best to haste; in sprynginge seed tabide [L. verna vero tardior].

1496 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (de Worde) vi. xxv. 275/1 God abode of punysshynge tyll he had undernomen Eue.

a1522 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid (1960) xi. ii. 91 Eneas tho can styntyng and abaid, And with a petuus regrait thus he said.

1528 T. More Dialogue Heresyes iv, in Wks. (1557) 251/1. Abide ye quod I, and ye shal heare worse yet.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Judges xvi. 2 Abyde, tomorrow whan it is lighte, we wyll slaye him.

1575 N. Udall & J. Higgins tr. Terence Flowers Lat. Speech sig. Pij^v Abyde awhile, let mee first of all tell forth this that I haue begon.

a1645 W. Browne tr. M. Le Roy Hist. Polexander (1647) v. i. 287 In spight of my desire to answer the Queen, I must abide a while silent.

1708 E. Arwaker Sel. Fables i. xxxii. 46 Then, as the sprightly Beau approach'd, he cry'd, Fine Thing, let me intreat you to abide.

1856 H. S. Riddell Gospel St. Matthew xvii. 22 An' while they abade in Galilee, Jesus said untill them [etc.].

a1880 T. T. Stoddart Crown Jewel (1898) iv. iii Abide one moment. Pity 'tis, Now I have found this cousin-ship, to give So quick a go-bye to it.

1967 Dict. Amer. Regional Eng. (1985) (at cited word) Abide a bit.

1990 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 1 Mar. 16 Abide a bit on one of the log pews in the filtered sunshine and let the sense of peace wash over you.

†b. intransitive. To linger over a task. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

a1402 J. Trevisa tr. R. Fitzralph Defensio Curatorum (Harl.) (1925) 80 (MED) For to abide longe about þe preuyng herof, hit semeþ me to childlich a dede.

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iv. 3733 It shuld be to longe a tariynge, Ceriously þer-on to abyde.

1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour (1580) 137 That incomparable treasure called amitie, in the declaration wher-off I haue aboden the longer.

†3. intransitive. To stop; to come to a halt. Frequently in imperative. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > absence of movement > [verb (intransitive)] > cease to move or become motionless > come to a stand or stop

abideOE

atstandc1000

steveneta1225

atstuntc1230

to make, take, etc., stallc1275

stema1300

astandc1314

withstanda1325

stintc1374

arrestc1400

stotec1400

stayc1440

steadc1475

stop short1530

disadvance1610

come1611

consist1611

check1635

halt1656

to bring to1697

to draw up1767

to bring up1769

to pull up1781

to fetch up1838

to come to a standstill1852

OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Matt. xxvii. 49 Ceteri uero dicebant sine uideamus an ueniat helias liberans eum : oðre ðonne cuoedon abid [OE West Saxon Gospels: Corpus Cambr. læt] wutun we gesea hweðer cyme gefriega hine.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 14020 Abid abid wifmann. abid Ne comm nohht ȝet min time.

c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) 837 (MED) Abid! abid! þe ule seide, þu gest al to mid swikelede.

c1300 St. James Great (Harl.) l. 30 in F. J. Furnivall Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 58 Aȝen þe deuel he com adoun: & bad þe schrewe abide.

c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 859 Ȝongling, þou schalt abide! Foles þou wendest to fand!

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) 2217 (MED) ‘Abyde,’ quoþ on on þe bonke abouen.

a1450 Generides (Pierpont Morgan) (1865) l. 122 Here horses that thei on ride, Were so werie that thei abide.

?1500 Robert Deuyll in W. J. Thoms Coll. Early Prose Romances (1828) I. 54 Abyde, thou false traytour.

1634 Malory's Arthur (1816) I. 103 I was so furious in my quest that I would not abide.

a. intransitive. To remain in expectation; to wait, lie in wait. Now rare and archaic.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > expectation, waiting > wait, await [verb (intransitive)]

bidec1000

onbideOE

abidelOE

sustainc1350

tarry1390

await1393

to wait for1577

hearken1580

attend1589

sit1591

wait and see1719

to wait on1773

to hold one's (also the) breath1987

lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1091 He [sc. se cyng Melcolm] for mid his fyrde ut of Scotlande into Loðene on Englaland & þær abad.

a1225 ( Ælfric's Homily De Duodecim Abusivis (Lamb. 487) in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 103 His wite abideð [OE Corpus Cambr. 178 andbidað, lOE Vesp. D.xiv anbideð] on þere oðre weorlde.

?c1400 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (BL Add. 10340) (1868) iii. pr. i. l. 1716 I abood til þat thow haddest swych habyte of thy thowght as thow hast now.

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 290 Thei a-bode stille in the town, and soiourned to a-bide to here tidinges of the kynge Arthur.

1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. ix. xii. 580/2 He had almost abidden in leaguer before it one whole yeere.

1611 Bible (King James) Gen. xxii. 5 Abide you here with the asse, and I and the lad will goe yonder.

1634 Malory's Arthur (1816) II. 249 Sir Percivale had abidden there till mid-day.

a1717 W. Diaper tr. Oppian Halieuticks (1722) i. 49 Bring forth their Young, and on the Shores abide, Till twice six times they see the Eastern Gleams Brighten the Hills, and tremble on the Streams.

1773 J. Ross Fratricide (MS) ii. 17 And for the grove by Abel dedicate..The Fiend stalks fast, in-rushes and abides.

1852 Internat. Mag. Lit., Art & Sci. Apr. 488/2 A solitary being placed on this earth as in a desert place, where he was commanded, for his own needful discipline, to abide, till spirits should be revealed to him.

1887 W. Morris tr. Homer Odyssey I. xv. 269 But abide till I bring to thy twi-car the gifts.

1943 D. L. Sayers Man born to be King xii. 342 If I choose that he should abide until my coming, what is that to you?

b. intransitive. With upon, after, for, on. rare after 17th cent.

ΚΠ

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. 1599 (MED) Thei maken gret manace And upon thi comynge abyde.

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iv. l. 1926 (MED) Þei may nat now but after deþ abide.

c1450 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 15th Cent. (1939) 283 Wher-on was wrytyn A Resoun full Ryght, And all was for the better A-byde.

1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 99/3 They that were there abode upon thende of the thyng.

1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome v. 418 The Faderis..determit to abide on the returning of thare legatis.

1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Matt. viii. f. 12 We know what misery and wretchednes abydeth for us.

a1594 J. White in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1600) III. 290 We came to Cape S. Anthony, where we found our consort the Moonelight and her Pinnesse abiding for our comming.

a1605 R. Bannatyne Memorials Trans. Scotl. (1836) 15 They abaid vpon sic as [etc.].

1652 S. Ward Philos. Ess. ii. 71 We can hardly avoid..the comparison of the time of our duration here, with that other continuance which doth abide for us hereafter.

1874 A. C. Swinburne Bothwell v. iv. 469 Who knew not what should make this man so proud That none durst speak against him of your friends But must abide for answer unaware The peril of the swords that followed him?

1941 Jrnl. Compar. Legislation & Internat. Law 23 14 To abide for a Parliament was to run the risk that in the meantime great prejudice might ensue to the Realm.

5. transitive. To await defiantly; to encounter, withstand, or sustain; to face, esp. in combat. Now somewhat archaic.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (transitive)] > confront

abidec1275

stand?1316

visagec1386

bidec1400

to stand to ——1562

affront1569

to look (a person, etc.) in the face1573

outface1574

front1582

to meet with1585

confront1594

propose1594

to stand up to1596

outfront1631

to stand forth to1631

head1682

meet1725

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 1583 Corineus heom eafter com..Ne ganninde ne ridinde ne durste him nan abiden.

c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) 1702 Ȝef ȝe abideþ mine here, Ȝe schule on oþer wise singe.

c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 6137 (MED) Dreduol he was to is fon, þat him dorste vewe abide.

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) 1131 (MED) & egged him swiþe, bi a certayne day bataile to abide.

a1400 (?a1350) Seege Troye (Egerton) (1927) l. 1331 (MED) Þer is no man in al oure syde Þat dar his strook in bataile abyde.

1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) iii. 14 He bauldly yaim abaid.

a1500 (?a1400) Sir Torrent of Portyngale (1887) l. 1467 (MED) He wold not the geaunt abyde For all this contrey feyre and wyde.

1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Scotl. 273/2 in Chron. I The other that fledde, caste themselues aboute, and manly abode their enimyes.

1623 J. Bingham tr. Xenophon Hist. 47 They had not the heart to abide you; why should you be afraid of them.

1649 O. Cromwell Lett. & Speeches (Carl.) Let. 67 Those gentlemen who have abid the brunt of the service.

1756 tr. G. Wishart Mem. J. Graham i. xix. 175 When Argyle's people saw the resolution and activity of the Athole-men, they did not abide their attack, but immediately retired towards Stirling.

?1770 Adventures of Actor viii. 97 O who will abide the pitiless pelting of that day!—Who will dare to stand before the Lamb of God!

1816 W. Scott Old Mortality ii, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. III. 36 The..insurgents appeared to be drawn up with the purpose of abiding battle.

1858 H. Miller My Schools & Schoolmasters (new ed.) 133 He soon learned to abide..terrors which most of my bolder companions shrank from encountering.

1932 R. Kipling Storm Cone It is decreed that we abide The weight of gale against the tide.

1963 T. A. Dodge Caesar I. ix. 129 Calling a council of war, it was determined to hold the camp and abide the attack which the barbarians were sure to make.

2004 Grand Rapids (Mich.) Press (Nexis) 5 Sept. d7 Through loneliness and awkward moments, slurs yelled by fans during freshman games, it had been Page who kept laughing, kept things light. Northington, the quiet one, could not abide that weight alone.

6. transitive. To await submissively or patiently; to await (the decree or judgement of); to submit to; = bide v. 8. Now archaic.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > obedience > submissiveness > submission > submit to [verb (transitive)]

undergangc1000

undergoc1175

abidec1275

bidec1275

shootc1275

undergoc1315

submit1397

incline?a1400

vail1610

cede1633

defer1686

c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) 1695 (MED) Þu ne darst domes abide.

c1410 (c1350) Gamelyn (Harl. 7334) 24 (MED) He lay stille On his deþ-bedde to abyde Goddes wille.

c1450 (c1370) G. Chaucer A.B.C (Cambr. Ff.5.30) (1878) l. 131 My faderes chastisinge Þat dar i nouht abiden in no wise.

1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxlii. sig. s4 He fonde suffisaunt suerte to abide the lawe.

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. xxv. 36 To abyde the ordynaunce of the Kyng of Fraunce.

1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II v. vi. 22 Here is Carleil liuing, to abide Thy kingly doome, and sentence.

1606 in J. R. N. Macphail Highland Papers (1920) III. 86 I offer to abyid the tryell.

1668 W. Prynne Exact Chronol. Vindic. III. 906 To appear before him in the Parliament at Lincoln, to abide his order in this businesse.

1705 in W. S. Perry Hist. Coll. Amer. Colonial Church: Virginia (1870) I. 163 Having abiden her Majesty's just determination.

1791 T. Paine Rights of Man i. 149 The creditors ought to have abided the fate of the Government.

1821 J. Baillie Metrical Legends 74 He must abide his fatal doom.

1859 Ld. Tennyson Enid in Idylls of King 31 [Thou shalt] Crave pardon for that insult done the Queen, And shalt abide her judgment on it.

1924 Amer. Mercury Dec. 387/2 Spain was whipped, and abjectly abided our will.

1977 A. Thwaite Portion of Foxes 33 In Tokyo or Benghazi, he [sc. Shakespeare] abides Our questioning syllabus still.

†7. transitive. To wait till the end of; to hear out (a speech). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > hear [verb (transitive)] > listen to > listen to end

abidea1450

to hear out1637

a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xv. 769 (MED) Iosephes Abod Alle hire Answere Evene to the Ende.

a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xxiii. 5 (MED) The kyng Alle his tales wel Abod & ful wel hem likede.

?1548 Ld. Berners tr. D. de San Pedro Castell of Loue sig. Hv She wolde not abyde the aunswere of y^e innocent her doughter Laureola, bycause she wolde not receyue doble sorow.

1592 B. Rich Aduentures Brusanus iii. xvi. 153 Leonida not willing to abide any further speeches, cut him of in this manner.

1632 H. More tr. G. Piatti Happines Relig. State xii. 263 To abide reproachful speaches, to loue those that hate vs, is Martyrdome in secret thought.

II. To remain, stay.

8. intransitive. To remain without going away, to stay. Now somewhat archaic.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > absence of movement > [verb (intransitive)] > remain as opposed to go

bidec893

yleaveOE

leaveOE

wonc1000

abideOE

worthOE

beliveOE

atstutte-nc1220

stuttea1225

atstuntc1230

astinta1250

beleavea1325

lasta1325

stounda1325

stinta1340

joukc1374

restaya1382

to leave over1394

liec1400

byec1425

onbidec1430

keep1560

stay1575

delay1655

to wait on1773

stop1801

to sit on1815

to hang around1830

to stick around1878

to sit tight1897

remain1912

stay-down1948

the world > space > place > presence > be present [verb (intransitive)] > continue present

abideOE

remain1426

stay1575

OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1900) II. 278 Se halga wer ferde hwilon þæt folc to lærenne geond his bisceoprice, þa abidon his geferan for sumere neode bæftan, and he sylf rad forð.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 217 All þe follc þær ute abad.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 13135 Vortiger þer abed [c1300 abod] þe while Constance awæi rad.

c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 1797 (MED) Her shal y now abide.

?a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Egerton) (1889) 4 It will noȝt habyde þerin.

a1450 St. Edith (Faust.) (1883) l. 4350 (MED) Thre dayes and thre nyȝtus he þere a-badde.

c1480 (a1400) St. Mary of Egypt 250 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 303 A-byde a lytil.

1574 A. Golding tr. A. Marlorat Catholike Expos. Reuelation 37 You are they that haue abidden by me in al my temptations.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) iii. i. 141 Ile call vpon you straight: abide within.

1647 S. Danforth Almanack 11 It may be now some enemy..will make you fly. Where is it best then to abide? I think close by the fier side.

1712 H. Prideaux Direct. Church-wardens (ed. 4) 12 1st, For absenting from Church. 2dly, For not abiding there till..Sermon be ended.

1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. ix. 407 He within his ships Abode the while.

1820 W. Scott Monastery II. iii. 112 Had I abidden with him.

1842 Ld. Tennyson Two Voices in Poems (new ed.) II. 126 While thou abodest in the bud. It was the stirring of the blood.

a1847 H. F. Lyte Remains (1850) 119 Abide with me! Fast falls the eventide; The darkness deepens: Lord, with me abide!

1911 R. Brooke Compl. Poems (1932) 159 Still he went Cityward daily; still she did abide At home.

1996 USA Today 15 Nov. a12/4 Would you want your son or daughter to be sent to Zaire.., abide there while Rwanda and other countries are rebuilt?

9. intransitive. Of a person: to stay habitually in a place; to remain in residence; to reside, dwell. Also of an animal: to inhabit or stay in a place. Cf. abode n.¹ 3. Now somewhat archaic.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > [verb (intransitive)]

wonc725

erdec893

siteOE

liveeOE

to make one's woningc960

through-wonOE

bigc1175

walkc1225

inwonea1300

lenda1300

lenga1300

lingera1300

erthec1300

stallc1315

lasta1325

lodge1362

habit?a1366

breeda1375

inhabitc1374

indwella1382

to have one's mansionc1385

to take (up) one's inn (or inns)a1400

keepc1400

repairc1400

to have (also hold, keep, make) one's residencec1405

to hold (also keep, make, take, etc.) one's mansiona1425

winc1425

to make (one's) residence1433

resort1453

abidec1475

use1488

remaina1500

demur1523

to keep one's house1523

occupy1523

reside1523

enerdc1540

kennel1552

bower1596

to have (also hold, keep, make) residence1597

subsist1618

mansiona1638

tenant1650

fastena1657

hospitate1681

wont1692

stay1754

to hang out1811

home1832

habitate1866

OE Crist III 1630 Hy abidan sceolon in sinnehte, sar endeleas, firendædum fa, forð þrowian.

c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) 16333 Hengest abod [c1275 wunede] vpon ane munede.

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1638 Ðre flockes of sep..ðor abiden, al for-ði.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 13 (MED) Alle wenten into helle, and þere abyde þe guode ine zikere hope.

a1400 (?a1350) Seege Troye (Egerton) (1927) l. 1377 (MED) Ector þen at hoom abydeþ [a1425 Linc. Inn abydes, c1450 Arms abydyþ, a1475 Harl. abytt].

c1475 in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (Harl. 642) (1790) 25 If the Prince be so abyding in household at a certayn..then the Thesaurere of household to be charged therof in his accompt.

c1475 in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (Harl. 642) (1790) 24 A Prince..abydyng at sojourne in this court, he hathe byn accustomed to pay for his diettes.

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 9 (MED) She abode in her chamber alone.

1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus Inhabitabilis,..unhabitable: that can not be abidden in.

1574 St. Avstens Manuell in Certaine Prayers S. Augustines Medit. Pref. sig. Nij^v Thou [sc. God] art in me, bycause thou abydest in my mynde.

1611 Bible (King James) Luke viii. 27 And ware no clothes, neither abode in any house, but in the tombes.

1687 J. Dryden Hind & Panther iii. 108 No Martyn there in winter shall abide.

1743 M. Catesby Nat. Hist. Carolina II. p. xxvi Land-Birds which breed and abide in Carolina in the Summer, and retire in Winter:..The yellow Titmouse. The purple Martin. The humming Bird.

1767 in C. Devlin Poor Kit Smart (1961) xiii. 174 A gentleman derived from ancestors who have abode..six hundred years in the County Palatine of Durham.

1860 G. P. R. Pulman Song of Solomon ii. 14 Yeue, mai dove, that abaid'th in th' gaps o' th' rocks.

1862 D. M. Mulock Domest. Stories 243 I had abided for a brief space at that paradise of cockneys, Southend.

1873 A. Helps Some Talk about Animals & their Masters vi. 136 I thought of the mean hovels in which many of our peasantry abide.

1946 D. C. Peattie Road of Naturalist (U.K. ed.) iii. 34 A naturalist's curiosity to see what sort of life abides in that spot with a name like a curse [sc. Death Valley].

a1973 J. R. R. Tolkien Silmarillion (1977) i. 40 Ulmo was alone, and he abode not in Valinor..; he dwelt from the beginning of Arda in the Outer Ocean.

2000 Leicester Mercury (Nexis) 18 Aug. 34 She had done some digging around and found out that because her mum is Welsh she has a right to abide in Britain.

10. intransitive. Of a thing: to remain, continue, stay (in a place).

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > absence of movement > [verb (intransitive)] > remain in one place

stickeOE

abideOE

dwell13..

occupy1413

to leave behind?a1425

remain1426

reside1488

consist1542

in1825

to stay put1843

OE Soul & Body II (1936) 56 Ac her sculon abidan ban bireafod, besliten seonwum.

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 229^v In euery grayne is boþe piþþe and rynde, in þe which piþ abydeþ [L. relinquitur] þe cause of resoun semynal.

a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xxix. l. 32 The braunch In hire hond was Abydinge.

a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. viii. 81 Sich powder apon vs dryfys, Where it abidys it makys a blayn.

c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 169^v Let hir bones with baret abide in this aire As a caren vncleane for hir curst dedis.

1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. ii. 41 Aire clung to Aire, and Earth with Earth abid.

1652 N. Culpeper Eng. Physitian Enlarged 42 Before the stalk with the flowers have abidden a month above ground.

1729 W. Law Serious Call xxiii. 464 Their guilt still abides upon you.

1776 J. Beattie Minstrel i. viii, in Poems Several Occasions 3 Thy loathsome heart.., Where fear, distrust, malevolence, abide.

1816 M. Holford Margaret of Anjou iii. xxxvii. 123 There Cain's polluting blot abides.

1876 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (ed. 2) IV. xviii. 185 Whose name abode on Northumbrian tongues as the embodiment of good and just government.

1914 Z. Grey Rustlers of Pecos County v. 99 Absolute assurance that this was just did not abide with her.

1975 J. Montague Slow Dance 56 And still a sense of loneliness abides.

2005 Men's Health (U.K. ed.) June 119/1 We [sc. Buddhists] believe that there is a subtle consciousness which..abides in each individual from the beginning of time until ‘Buddhahood’ is attained.

11. intransitive. To remain, continue, or persist in (also †on) some state or action. Also with complement: to continue to be, to remain. Cf. bide v. 2a. Now somewhat rare.

ΚΠ

OE Ælfric Homily (Corpus Cambr. 188) in B. Assmann Angelsächsische Homilien u. Heiligenleben (1889) 60 Cain..abad eac on life oð ða seofoþan mægðe.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 8579 Twa gode menn þatt wærenn her. Biforenn cristess come. & ȝet abidenn i þiss lif.

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 422 An hundred ger..Adam fro eue in srifte abead.

c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Wife of Bath's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) Prol. l. 255 She may no while in chastitee abyde.

?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 192 The coles wil duellen & abyden all quyk.

1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 14^v If thou wilt, the loue of thy frend shal abyde ferme unto the, be curteise to him.

a1500 (?a1422) J. Lydgate Life Our Lady (Adv.) in W. B. D. D. Turnbull Visions of Tundale (1843) 93 (MED) Of perfyt ryches hit is tresory, Whych may not wast but eylyke abyde.

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. cxcviii. 2 The towne abode frenche.

1530 Myroure Oure Ladye (Fawkes) (1873) iii. 298 After the byrthe, thou haste abyden vyrgyn vndefowled.

c1586 J. Stewart Poems (1913) 74 The banquet quhilk prepaird abeed.

1611 Bible (King James) John xv. 10 If ye keepe my commandements, ye shal abide in my loue, euen as I have kept my Father's commandements, and abide in his loue [Wyclif dwelle, Tindale, Coverd. Cranm. Geneva byde, Rheims abide] .

1670 W. Annand Pater Noster v. 213 Be circumspect in thy way, purifying thy soul by faith, abiding in hope; dwelling in love.

1718 P. Booth Nature & Necessity Christian Baptism 25 These are the Benefits, the Advantages, and Blessings, of putting on Christ in Baptism, and abiding true Members of his mystical Body the Church.

1799 J. West Poems & Plays III. 256 Still faithful in his warfare to abide, My hope His favour, and His word my guide.

1863 Continental Monthly Dec. 608/1 The generations heave on into the great sea and are forgotten, but the Nation abides the same.

1936 Ogden (Utah) Standard-Examiner 20 Apr. a5/8 All our hopes are centered not on the speedily acquired populace or throngs but on the few here and there who will abide faithful against all odds.

1999 Seattle Times (Nexis) 28 Aug. d8 In a world which is rapidly changing and sometimes seems to be falling to pieces, we need to center our attention on the eternal things which abide unchanged.

12. intransitive. To continue in existence, endure; to stand firm or sure, remain steadfast.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > duration > have duration [verb (intransitive)] > endure, remain, persist, or continue

bidec893

lastOE

through-wonOE

ylasta1000

standOE

runOE

lastlOE

beleavec1200

abidec1275

cleavec1275

durec1275

dwell13..

endurec1386

perseverec1390

continuec1400

contunec1400

tarrya1450

remainc1455

perdure?a1475

rest1474

permanec1485

succeed1486

perpetuate1530

persist1531

demur1547

perduratea1558

weara1568

to hold it out1585

to hold out1585

abye1590

contain1592

live1592

perennate1623

to draw overa1700

exist1754

linger1764

to hang it out1939

c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) 1389 Flesches lustes is strong to cwesse; Nis wunder nan þah he abide.

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Psalms cxviii. 90 Thou foundedist the erthe, and it abit [v.r. abideth; L. permanet; a1425 L.V. dwellith] stille.

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 168 And shulde haue standen stronge and abiden [L. permansisset], if þei hadde nouȝt ysynned.

R. Misyn tr. R. Rolle Fire of Love 84 (MED) Þe dreggis of syne to deed truly abydis, bot in deed it parischys.

a1500 in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) I. 309 Fy on a false hert that dar not abyde.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms xci. 7 But thou Lorde o most hyest, abydest worlde without ende.

1586 in W. A. Craigie Maitland Quarto MS (1920) lxv. 87 The bad abydis, the best ay sonest gois.

1611 Bible (King James) Psalms cxix. 90 Thou hast established the earth, and it abideth .

1681 J. Flavell Method of Grace viii. 175 Your fellowship with Christ is interminable, and abides for ever.

1721 R. Blackmore New Version Psalms lv. ii. 117 Jehovah, who abides of old, Will hear and them chastise.

1794 T. S. Whalley Edwy & Edilda (new ed.) v. 145 Long did their numerous offspring live, Their country's boast, and pride, And still shall live, while love, and truth, And honour, shall abide.

1876 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. iv. 153 The Norman..abides in his lineage and in his works, but he is Norman no longer.

1878 J. Miller Songs Italy 123 Nothing has been that abideth now..Nothing shall be that shall abide.

1932 Philosophy 7 72 We have the capacity to create what may abide beyond us.

1991 S. Barry Prayers of Sherkin i, in Plays: One (1997) 55 Lord, we do abide, even unto this third generation.

13.

a. intransitive. Of a thing: to remain after other things are taken or have gone; to remain over, be left behind. Cf. bide v. 4. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > that which is left or remainder > remain or be left [verb (intransitive)]

to be leftOE

leaveOE

abidea1393

bidec1400

remainc1425

resta1500

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. 2909 (MED) Ther schal abyden of thi regne A time ayein whan thou schalt regne.

c1400 J. Gower Eng. Wks. (1901) II. 489 Here fame abit, bot al is vanite.

a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) i 1419 (MED) Yiff auht abitt that they may nat transuerse.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Amos ii. C The archer shall not abyde, and the swifte off fote shall not escape.

1647 J. Trapp Comm. Evangelists & Acts (Matt.) 139 That image..is by the fall defaced and abolished; yet are there some reliques thereof still abiding, which God will not have destroyed.

1842 Ld. Tennyson Ulysses in Poems (new ed.) II. 91 Tho' much is taken, much abides.

1956 Amer. Lit. 28 2 Only the earth and the Gulf Stream abide after the vortex of human vanities has subsided forever.

b. intransitive. Of a person: to stay behind, remain (after others have departed). Cf bide v. 3. Now somewhat archaic.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > delay or postponement > delay [verb (intransitive)] > on one's way or linger

hovec1220

abide1487

linger1530

hover1591

hanker1601

to linger on1805

hang1830

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xii. 73 Than thai with-drew thaim euir-ilkane, And durst nocht than abyde [1489 Adv. abid] to ficht.

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. ii. 3 All such as in cruel batels haue ben seen abyding to [= till] the discomfeture.

1565 A. Golding tr. Caesar Martiall Exploytes in Gallia viii. f. 243^v Suche as had abidden behinde to tyll the ground.

c1639 W. Mure Psalmes xvii. 14 in Wks. (1898) II. 77 That what they leaue ther babs may brook, Quhich after them abide.

?1742 Generous Lover in tr. M. de Cervantes Instructive & Entertaining Novels 189 Ali being gone full of false Hopes, and Hazan abiding behind not void of them.

1823 J. Galt Ringan Gilhaize II. v. 50 I cannot perforce abide behind, but will go forth with you to the battle.

1895 S. R. Crockett Bog-myrtle & Peat 45 He abode to see what would happen.

1952 J. D. Mackie Earlier Tudors viii. 274 The others bluntly told their inefficient commander that they would not abide after Michaelmas.

1996 Univ. Toronto Q. (Nexis) 65 Place laments that she must abide behind, whereas Elizabeth moves on, taking Time with her.

14. intransitive. With by. To stand firm by, remain true to; to act in accordance with, submit to, obey; = to bide by at bide v. 2b(a). In early use also with upon, (Scottish) at.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > decision > constancy or steadfastness > adhere constantly or steadfastly to [verb (transitive)]

to stand in ——a1382

abidea1393

saddena1500

to bide bya1513

to stick to ——?1531

to stout out1568

to make good1606

winter1608

buckle1793

maintain1819

society > authority > subjection > obedience > obey or be obedient to [verb (transitive)] > act in conformity to a rule or decree

to stand at ——c1300

to stand to ——c1300

usec1300

keep1387

abidea1393

obeya1393

stand?1435

answer1552

trace1649

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. 3201 And telleth him, in such degre Upon my word ye wole abide To lif or deth.

1447 in J. B. Paul Registrum Magni Sigilli Scotorum (1882) II. 68/2 Thai sal stand and abide at the ordinance.

1484 W. Cely Let. 25 Mar. in Cely Lett. (1975) 206 The Stappell wyll sendd ij sadd men..to know wheder they wyll abyde be that entercoursse or nott.

1509 Bp. J. Fisher Wks. i. 221 His commaundement must nedes be obeyed and abyden by.

1528 T. More Dialogue Heresyes ii, in Wks. (1557) 183/1 The verye churche hath euer had some that hath abidden by theyr faith.

a1576 L. Nowell Vocabularium Saxonicum (1952) 28/1 Andstandan, To sustayne, to abide by, to beare.

1642 Bp. J. Taylor Of Sacred Order Episcopacy 217 They that call for such a reduction hope to gaine by it, and then would most certainly have abidden by it.

1650 J. Trapp Clavis to Bible (Gen. iv. 12) 50 He was langold to it, and must abide by it.

1678 G. Mackenzie Laws & Customes Scotl. xxvii. 270 The user of the writ gets a dyet affixed to him, to deliver at, if he will abide thereby, and at the day affixt, he must..simply abide thereat, without any qualification.

1739 Bp. J. Butler Serm. in Wks. (1874) II. 221 They are to make their choice, and abide by it.

1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. Introd. iii. 69 It is an established rule to abide by former precedents, when the same points come again in litigation.

1772 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra II. lxviii. 314 You will abide by the authority of this great man.

1814 M. Edgeworth Patronage II. xix. 182 Lord Oldborough abided, not only by his own measures, but by his own instruments.

1855 Ld. Tennyson Maud xvi. ii, in Maud & Other Poems 52 Dare I bid her abide by her word?

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. §24. 171 The rules were fixed, and I must abide by them.

1939 R. P. Warren Night Rider vi. 141 He could join the Association and abide by its rules and regulations.

1981 S. J. Flower et al. Debrett's Etiquette & Mod. Manners ix. 239 Many hospitals still have fixed visiting hours and it is essential to abide by these.

2002 Independent 19 Feb. 10/1 The Court of Appeal ruled that they must abide by European law.

III. To suffer, tolerate.

15. transitive. To experience or undergo; to endure, suffer, bear; = bide v. 9a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > adversity > suffer (adversity or affliction) [verb (transitive)]

thave835

i-dreeeOE

tholec897

abeareOE

underbearc950

adreeOE

dreeOE

driveOE

i-tholeOE

throwOE

underfoc1000

bearOE

bidec1200

suffera1250

abidec1275

drinka1340

endure1340

underfong1382

receivec1384

abyea1393

sustain1398

finda1400

undergoa1400

get?c1430

underganga1470

ponder?a1525

a dog's lifea1528

tolerate1531

to stand to ——1540

to feel the weight of?1553

enjoy1577

carry1583

abrook1594

to stand under ——a1616

to fall a victim to1764

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 15565 Þe an þe oderne smat, & he þeos dundes abad [c1300 abod].

?a1300 Iacob & Iosep (Bodl.) (1916) l. 244 (MED) Ac þer he is ful longe muche wo to abide.

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 167 (MED) Uor to abide þe tormens and þe zorȝes þet byeþ to comene.

1465 M. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 300 My lord of Norwych seyd..that he wold not ha byden the sorow and trobell that ye haue a-byden.

a1500 (a1449) J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 381 (MED) Than y, alas..at myn herte abyde the dedely payne.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Heb. xii. 2 For the ioye that was set before hym abode the crosse.

1584 H. Llwyd & D. Powel Hist. Cambria 199 The castele Abood diuerse assaults.

1588 A. King tr. P. Canisius Cathechisme or Schort Instr. 125 Christ our lord..abaid ye schame of ye croce.

1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique iii. xlix. 530 The best and sweetest, though not alwaies stronger then that which hath abode the presse.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 59 The other name..Valerius Soranus blurted out, & soon after abid the smart for it.

1606 P. Holland tr. Suetonius Hist. Twelve Caesars 239 Domitian abidd condigne punishment for his avarice and crueltie.

1638 R. Sanderson Serm. II. 96 Service so hard that it might not be abiden.

1678 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. vi. 100 It will not be strong enough to abide tough work.

1759 tr. Lit. Mem. Germany & North II. 26 His mentioning, that this anodyne Sulphur of vitriol is in its nature fixed or can abide the fire, destroys any such conjecture.

1840 F. Trollope Michael Armstrong iii. 25 He seemed to settle himself in the arm-chair either to enjoy the fun, or abide the tempest.

1876 H. Wilkins Wayside Flowers 209 Some false hearts quailed and turned away to bear a coward's name, Too timid to abide the storm or share a warrior's fame.

1900 Econ. Jrnl. 10 68 He abides the constant risk of finding all his pains unrewarded.

1960 G. Kinnell What Kingdom it Was iv. x. 76 Everything That may abide the fire was made to go through the fire And it was made clean.

2002 Sun Herald (Biloxi, Mississippi) (Nexis) 8 Sept. c9 They were willing to abide the slings and arrows of editorialists.

16. To tolerate, to put up with; to be able to endure; = stand v. 8d(a). Chiefly in negative and (occasionally) interrogative constructions. Usually with can.

a. transitive. With direct object.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > calmness > patience > endure patiently [verb (transitive)] > bear with or tolerate

forbearc897

tholec950

bearOE

abidec1300

bidea1325

takec1330

suffer1340

wielda1375

to have patience with (also in, toward)c1384

supportc1384

to sit with ——c1400

sustainc1400

thulgec1400

acceptc1405

to away with1528

brook1530

well away1533

to bear with —1538

digest1553

to comport with1565

stand1567

purse?1571

to put up1573

well away1579

comport1588

fadge1592

abrook1594

to come away1594

to take up with1609

swallow1611

embracea1616

to pack up1624

concocta1627

to set down bya1630

to take with ——1632

tolerate1646

brook1658

stomach1677

pouch1819

c1300 (c1250) Floris & Blauncheflur (Cambr.) (1966) l. 40 Hu þus child murninge sit? Mete ne drinke he nabit.

c1410 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 444 (MED) Þow norisschest, fedist, and abidist þin vnprofitable worm.

1509 tr. A. de la Sale Fyftene Ioyes of Maryage (de Worde) (new ed.) i. sig. Bij A syr she sayd, now wote I well that ye None otherwyse can speke but repreue me Of my landes, this may I not abyde.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Job xix. 17 Myne owne wyfe maye not abyde my breth.

c1592 Faire Em sig. C2^v Of all things I cannot abide Phisicke.

1618 W. Raleigh Remains (1644) 128 Oyntment is pleasing to Man; but Beetles and Bees cannot abide it.

1627 M. Drayton Nimphidia in Battaile Agincourt 121 He would not haue aboad it.

1676 G. Etherege Man of Mode ii. i. 17 He calls me Rogue, tells me he can't abide me.

1727 D. Defoe Ess. Hist. Apparitions xv. 373 He could not abide an Ass.

1741 S. Richardson Pamela III. xxx. 180 Methinks there is such a hissing Sound in the Word Sister, that I cannot abide it.

1797 R. Cumberland False Impressions i. i My dear Jenny can't abide boots; very right, very reasonable; soil the carpet, dawb her petticoats, annoy her olfactories.

1819 Q. Rev. Apr. 526 She became madly fond of Rinaldo, who could not abide her.

1833 H. Martineau Three Ages iii. 84 She could not abide the country, and would not be tempted to leave dear London.

1872 ‘M. Twain’ Roughing It xii. 106 Could you abide an Angel in an unclean shirt and no suspenders?

1915 J. Buchan Thirty-nine Steps i. 25 He wanted to fetch a doctor, but I..said I couldn't abide leeches.

1977 Newsweek 14 Nov. 23/1 Public schools abide mediocre students.

1998 Mirror 1 Apr. 30/2 The sun and the planet Uranus are giving you the patience to cope with people you cannot usually abide.

b. transitive. With infinitive. Occasionally also with that-clause.

ΚΠ

a1400 in Anglia (1904) 27 302 (MED) To serue to þat same frer, þe pope mot abyde.

1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia sig. Siii^v I..was not sure whether he coulde abide that any thing shoulde be said.

1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. i. f. 36 Who can abyde to say, that then the Sonn entred into the bosome of the Father.

a1591 H. Smith Serm. (1593) 97 Nature cannot abide that any place should be empty.

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 311 A Horsse cannot abide to looke vpon a Camell.

1619 M. Drayton Barons Warres ii. ii, in Poems (rev. ed.) 16 Could not abide to heare the name of Peace.

1642 T. Fuller Holy State v. viii. 389 Painted faces cannot abide to come nigh the fire.

1701 C. Trotter Love at Loss iii. 27 I can't abide to see People when they are at quiet and in good Humour, quarrelling with one another.

1773 O. Goldsmith She stoops to Conquer i. 4 I can't abide to disappoint myself.

1840 T. P. Thompson Exercises (1842) V. 323 One or two lords cannot abide to see a Pasha set up his back against his ‘legitimate master.’

1855 Tait's Edinb. Mag. June 335/1 Lord Lovaine cannot abide that the common soldier should ‘come between the wind and his nobility.’

1878 C. Reade Well-born Workman v. i. 73 I can't abide to see a young lady abused as you are.

1911 F. H. Burnett Secret Garden iv. 31 I can't abide to see good victuals go to waste.

1969 B. Evslin Adventures Ulysses 123 He cannot abide that goddesses should mate with mortal men.

1991 Conjunctions 17 189 He came back to life with some obscene beast called his memory vomiting what it could not abide to contain.

IV. To pay for.

17. transitive. To pay for, atone for, suffer for. Cf. abye v., abite v. Also intransitive in early use. Now rare (archaic in later use). [Apparently arising as a result of formal and semantic association with abye v.; compare e.g. to aby a deed ‘to pay for a deed’ with to abide the consequences of a deed . The converse is apparently shown by abye v. 5.]

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > reform, amendment, or correction > atonement > atone for [verb (transitive)]

beetc897

i-bye10..

abyelOE

answer?a1300

buya1300

amendc1300

mendc1330

forbuy1340

redressa1387

answera1400

byea1400

filla1400

peasea1400

ransoma1400

to pay for——c1400

recompense?a1439

abidea1450

satisfyc1460

redeema1464

repaira1513

syth1513

reconcile1535

acquit1567

dispense1590

assoil1596

propitiate1610

expiatea1626

atone1661

retrievea1679

a1450 (a1400) Athelston (1951) l. 281 (MED) Hast þou broke my comaundement, Abyyd ful dere þou schalle.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) iii. ii. 115 If it be found so, some will deere abide it.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 88 How dearly I abide that boast so vaine.

1721 E. Young Revenge iii. i. 32 O sacred Faith! How dearly I abide thy Violation!

1795 R. Southey Joan of Arc vii. 345 Destined to abide That rashness dearly.

1835 Stanly I. ii. 25 You shall dearly abide your squeamishness!

1868 E. Atherstone Fall of Nineveh (ed. 2) II. xxiii. 206 By heaven, and earth, and hell, Dearly shall he abide his insolence!

1911 A. S. Way tr. Lay Nibelung Men 90 The deed shalt thou dearly abide!

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	abide
释义	† abiden. Forms: Middle English abede, Middle English 1600s abyde, Middle English 1700s abide; Scottish pre-1700 abide, pre-1700 abyd. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: abide v. Etymology: < abide v. Compare abiding n. and earlier abode n.¹ Obsolete. 1. Delay, tarrying. Also as a count noun: an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > delay or postponement > [noun] longingeOE bideOE abodec1225 bodea1300 demura1300 dwella1300 litinga1300 delayc1300 delayingc1300 demurrancec1300 but honec1325 without ensoignec1325 abidec1330 dretchingc1330 dwellingc1330 essoinc1330 tarrying1340 litea1350 delaymenta1393 respitea1393 oversettinga1398 delayancea1400 delitea1400 lingeringa1400 stounding?a1400 sunyiea1400 targea1400 train?a1400 deferring14.. dilation14.. dayc1405 prolongingc1425 spacec1430 adjourningc1436 retardationc1437 prolongation?a1439 training1440 adjournment1445 sleuthingc1450 tarry1451 tarriance1460 prorogation1476 oversetc1485 tarriage1488 debaid1489 supersedement1492 superseding1494 off-putting1496 postponing1496 tract1503 dilating1509 sparinga1513 hafting1519 sufferance1523 tracking1524 sticking1525 stay1530 pause1532 protraction1535 tracting1535 protract of time1536 protracting1540 postposition1546 staying1546 procrastination1548 difference1559 surceasing1560 tardation1568 detract1570 detracting1572 tarryment1575 rejourning1578 detraction1579 longness1579 rejournment1579 holding1581 reprieving1583 cunctation1585 retarding1585 retardance1586 temporizing1587 by and by1591 suspensea1592 procrastinatinga1594 tardance1595 linger1597 forslacking1600 morrowing1602 recess1603 deferment1612 attendance1614 put-off1623 adjournal1627 fristing1637 hanging-up1638 retardment1640 dilatoriness1642 suspension1645 stickagea1647 tardidation1647 transtemporation1651 demurragea1656 prolatation1656 prolation1656 moration1658 perendination1658 offput1730 retardure1751 postponement1757 retard1781 traverse1799 tarrowing1832 mañana1845 temporization1888 procrastinativeness1893 deferral1895 traa dy liooar1897 stalling1927 heel-tapping1949 off-put1970 c1330 Short Metrical Chron. (Auch.) l. 691 in PMLA (1931) 46 125 (MED) Non abide no schuld be þer, þat þe þef honged no wer. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 7337 Þenne was þere no lenger abide; Men werred on hem on vche side. c1430 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Cambr. Gg.4.27) (1882) iii. l. 854 Swich abydis [Harl. abedes] ben not worþ an haue. 2. Chiefly Scottish. Stay, abiding; a period of residence. ΘΚΠ the world > space > place > presence > [noun] > continued presence bigginga1325 abidinga1387 bidingc1400 tarrying1445 arrestance1477 tarryc1480 remain1488 remaining1496 tarriance1530 stay1538 remainder1585 abidance1607 abide1615 1615 P. Gordon Penardo & Laissa i. vi. sig. Dv^v Thow art the stay, and joy of his abyde. 1630 in C. Rogers Earl of Stirling's Reg. Royal Lett. (1885) II. 474 In regard..of his continuall abyd about our persone. 1640 in J. Nicholson Minute Bk. War Comm. Covenanters Kirkcudbright 10 Sept. (1855) 46 That Kilquhennady be Captaine of Kirkpatrick-Durham, and Glaisteres liberated of that charge during Kilquhennady's abyde at hame. 1790 J. Byng Diary 16 June in Torrington Diaries (1935) II. 186 All my baggage will travel behind T.B... This might have been managed so at first; had I not thought of an abide here. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online December 2020). abidev. Brit. /əˈbʌɪd/, U.S. /əˈbaɪd/ Inflections: Past tense abided, abode /əˈbəʊd/; past participle abided, abode, (rare) abidden; Forms: 1. Present stem. a. Infinitive. α. Old English abidan, early Middle English abidenn ( Ormulum), Middle English abijd, Middle English abijde, Middle English abiyde, Middle English abyyd, Middle English–1500s abyde, Middle English–1500s habide, Middle English– abide, late Middle English abeyd, late Middle English abite, late Middle English abydy (perhaps transmission error), late Middle English habyde, late Middle English obyde, late Middle English 1600s abeyde, 1600s abaid, 1800s aboide (English regional (Derbyshire)); Scottish pre-1700 abaid, pre-1700 abayd, pre-1700 abbyde, pre-1700 abid, pre-1700 abit, pre-1700 abyd, pre-1700 abyde, pre-1700 abyid, pre-1700 1700s– abide. β. Old English abidda (Northumbrian), late Middle English abidde, late Middle English abydde, late Middle English habid, late Middle English habyd, late Middle English habydde, late Middle English–1600s abid, late Middle English–1600s abyd. b. 3rd singular indicative Old English abidyð (rare), Old English–early Middle English abideð, Old English–Middle English abideþ, Old English–Middle English abydeþ, late Old English–Middle English abit, early Middle English abidad, Middle English abidis, Middle English abidiþ, Middle English abidys, Middle English abidyth, Middle English abitt, Middle English abitte, Middle English abyd, Middle English abydis, Middle English abydiþ, Middle English abydith, Middle English abydys, Middle English abyt, Middle English abytt, Middle English abytte, Middle English 1600s abid, Middle English–1500s abidith, Middle English–1500s abydez, Middle English–1500s abydyth, Middle English–1600s abydes, Middle English–1600s abydeth, Middle English– abides, Middle English– abideth, late Middle English abydithe (in a late copy), late Middle English abydythe, late Middle English habide, late Middle English habides, late Middle English habidys, late Middle English habydes, late Middle English–1500s abidethe, late Middle English–1500s abidithe, late Middle English–1500s abydethe, 1500s abyddeth, 1500s habydeth, 1800s abaid'th (English regional (Devon)); Scottish pre-1700 abideth, pre-1700 abidis, pre-1700 abidith, pre-1700 abyd, pre-1700 abydes, pre-1700 abydis, pre-1700 1700s– abides. 2. Past tense. a. α. (Originally 1st and 3rd singular indicative) Old English–early Middle English abad, early Middle English abot, Middle English aboid, Middle English aboyd, Middle English (chiefly northern) 1600s abade, Middle English–1500s abood, Middle English–1500s aboode, Middle English–1600s abod, Middle English– abode, late Middle English abadde, late Middle English abayde (northern), late Middle English aboude, late Middle English habade, late Middle English habode, 1500s aboade; Scottish pre-1700 abad, pre-1700 abaid, pre-1700 abaide, pre-1700 abayd, pre-1700 abed, pre-1700 abeed, pre-1700 aboide, pre-1700 1700s–1800s abade, pre-1700 1800s– abode. β. early Middle English abead, early Middle English abed, early Middle English abeod. γ. late Middle English abidede, late Middle English– abided. δ. 1500s abydde, 1500s–1600s abid, 1500s–1600s abidd, 1500s–1600s abidde. ε. 1500s–1600s aboded. b. Plural indicative. early Old English abiodun (Mercian), Old English abiden (rare), Old English abidon, early Middle English abidenn ( Ormulum), Middle English abidde, Middle English abide, Middle English abyde, late Middle English abede. 3. Past participle. α. Old English abidyn (rare), Old English–1700s abiden, Middle English abydin, Middle English 1600s abide, Middle English 1700s abydyn, Middle English–1600s abyden, late Middle English abede, late Middle English abeden, late Middle English abedyn, late Middle English abyd, late Middle English abydde, late Middle English habedyn, late Middle English–1500s abidde, late Middle English–1500s abydden, 1500s–1600s abid, 1500s– abidden; Scottish pre-1700 abiddin, pre-1700 abydden, pre-1700 1800s abidden. β. Middle English–1500s aboden, late Middle English abood, late Middle English– abode, 1500s–1600s abod, 1600s aboad. γ. late Middle English abitted, 1600s– abided. δ. 1500s aboded. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymon: bide v. Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Old High German irbītan (intransitive) to wait, (transitive, with genitive object) to wait for (a thing), (transitive, with accusative object) to withstand, to sustain (a thing) (Middle High German erbīten to await, expect, also (with change to weak conjugation) erbeiten , German †erbeiten ), Gothic usbeidan (with accusative object) to await, to wait for, expect (a thing), (with preposition ana on prep. and dative object) to have patience with (a person) < the Germanic base of or- prefix (compare a- prefix¹ ) + the Germanic base of bide v. Compare onbide v.In Old English a strong verb of Class I, like its etymon bide v. The subsequent history of the forms shows the prefixed verb at first developing largely along the same lines as the simplex, although the prefixed verb shows some independence, probably owing to its frequency and, later, to the increasing semantic differentiation between the two words in the standard language, which made the connection between the simplex bide v. and its derivative less transparent. Like bide v., the prefixed verb develops weak forms (abided ) in the past tense (see Forms 2aγ) and past participle (see Forms 3γ) beside the inherited strong inflection. However, for the prefixed verb the weak forms appear to be attested earlier, i.e. already in Middle English. In the late 19th cent. the strong forms, past tense and past participle abode , were more common than weak abided according to N.E.D. (1884), perhaps being reinforced by association with abode n.¹ Currently abode is chiefly preserved in archaic and literary use. Like bide v., the verb shows some Middle English spellings with the stem vowel e in the strong past tense and past participle. Some of these probably show lengthening of inherited short i in an open syllable (originally in the past tense plural and the past participle; compare abede at Forms 2bα and abeden at Forms 3α). Older Scots forms such as abed , abeed (see Forms 2aα) may reflect the raising of inherited long ā (originally in the 1st and 3rd strong past tense singular indicative) in the Great Vowel Shift. However, strong past tense singular forms such as early Middle English abed , abead , abeod (see Forms 2aβ) cannot be explained as phonological developments from the Old English forms and appear to be influenced by the paradigms of other strong verbs such as Middle English (prefixed) abēden, (unprefixed) bēden and (prefixed) abidden, (unprefixed) bidden (see bid v.¹ and also abede v.). Early modern English past tense forms such as abidde , abid (see Forms 2aδ and compare past tense bid at Forms of bide v.) may simply continue the stem of the past tense plural abide , abidde (see 2b), but were probably reinforced by the influence of the stem of the past participle, and perhaps also by analogy with weak past tense forms of other verbs which show shortening of the vowel before a double consonant such as hid , past tense of hide v.¹ (compare also chide v.). The past tense form aboded (see Forms 2aε) seems to show double marking of the past tense with the weak past tense suffix attached to the strong past tense stem; similarly past participle aboded (see Forms 3δ). However these forms are perhaps influenced by abode n.¹ The form Middle English obyde (see 1aα) could alternatively be interpreted as showing onbide v.; see discussion at and- prefix and compare the forms of on- prefix. The early modern English present tense form abaid (see forms 1aα) occurs in a representation of Scots or northern speech. On Old English (Northumbrian) present tense abidda (see Forms 1aβ) compare the discussion of Forms 1γ at reap v.¹ In Old English a prefixed form ge-abīdan to await, wait for (compare y- prefix) is also attested. I. To wait, expect, delay. 1. Now rare and archaic. a. transitive. Of a person: to wait for, await; to remain ready for, watch for, expect.In Old English and early Middle English frequently with genitive of object. to abide one's time: = to bide one's time at bide v. 6. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > expectation, waiting > wait for, await [verb (transitive)] bidec950 keepc1000 abideOE i-kepe?c1225 lookc1225 bidea1300 sustainc1350 await1393 remainc1455 tarry?a1475 attenda1513 expect1536 to stay on1540 watch1578 remain1585 staya1586 to stay for ——1602 tend1604 to bide upona1616 behold1642 prestolate1653 expecta1664 wait1746 OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xi. 3 Eart þu þe to cumenne eart oððe we oþres sceolon abidan [OE Lindisf. oððæ oðer we bidas; L. an alium expectamus]? lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1101 Ða to middesumeran ferde se cyng ut Pefenesæ mid eall his fyrde togeanes his broðer & his þær abad. lOE St. Chad (Hatton) (1953) 168 Se ilca Owine wes munuc micelre geearnunge..& he abad þet uplice edlean. c1175 ( Homily (Bodl. 343) in S. Irvine Old Eng. Homilies (1993) 176 Þa wolde he forþan þæt heo abiden þæs sæles, hwænne hit ware monnum nytlucost to cuþænne. a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 79 (MED) Þe..wolde him seluen wreke gif he mihte, and þerto ettleð and abit his time. c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 183 Menske & reste abit [Titus abides; Pepys abiden] us ed hame in ure ahne lond, þet is heoueriche. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 15247 Þer heo abiden wederes, for þe wind heom stod to-ȝæines. c1300 Pilate (Harl.) l. 74 in F. J. Furnivall Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 113 (MED) Ech schrewe wole abide his tyme to cuþe his felonie. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) 1962 (MED) Þe gryffouns..gonne stint atte cherche, þe briȝt burde meliors to abide þere. a1400 Psalter (Vesp.) xxxix. 1 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 171 Abidand lauerd abade I, And he biheld to me for-þi. c1440 (?a1400) Sir Perceval (1930) l. 1278 (MED) My lady, lele Lufamour, Habyddis the in hir chambour. c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 206 Whom alle holi men fro the bigynnyng of the world aboden. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 21/1 We have abyden the every day. c1500 (?a1437) Kingis Quair (1939) cxxxiii Wele is him that his tyme wil abit. 1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance xiv. f. 25 He abode an answere therof. a1542 T. Wyatt Coll. Poems (1969) ccxxvii. 1 I abide and abide and better abide, And after the olde prouerbe, the happie daye. 1605 J. Stow Annales (new ed.) 676 500 men..abiding the wind in the port of Sandwich. 1658 tr. J. Ussher Ann. World 259 They purposed to abide him in the field. 1676 Corshill Baron-Court Bk. in Archæol. & Hist. Coll. Ayr & Wigton (1884) IV. 132 Tyme of day [being] abidden. 1722 D. Defoe Jrnl. Plague Year 22 The Generality stay'd, and seem'd to abide the worst. 1795 J. Hoole Cleonice i. i. 14 He pledg'd his faith for five returning moons To abide your welcome guest. 1799 T. Grenville Let. 25 May in Duke of Buckingham Mem. Court & Cabinet George III (1853) II. 440 It will be less hazardous to abide the event than to pretend to foretel it. 1816 W. Scott Antiquary II. vi. 142 I wad e'en streek mysel out here, and abide my removal. 1843 Christian Remembrancer June 725 Ammatas, too imprudent to abide his time, or to wait for all his own troops, dashed upon the Roman cavalry with a handful of men. 1859 Ld. Tennyson Enid in Idylls of King 52 I will abide the coming of my lord. 1909 A. M. Robbins Both Sides Veil viii. 67 The only dignified course for me to pursue was to ask no favors and abide my time. 1935 T. S. Eliot Murder in Cathedral i. 41 In the storm, Should we not wait for the sea to subside, in the night Abide the coming of day? b. transitive. figurative. Of a thing (esp. as fate, a surprise, punishment, etc.): to await, remain waiting for; to lie in wait for; to be in store for. ΚΠ c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Royal) (1981) l. 1118 Þe ȝet of eche lif abit [a1250 Titus abid] te al iopenet. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 128 (MED) Þe wrechche ne þengþ of him þet hine halt, ne of þe gibet þet him abit. a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Deeds xx. 23 Boondis and tribulaciouns at Jerusalem abiden [c1384 E.V. dwellen to] me. 1482 R. Cely Let. 13 May in Cely Lett. (1975) 151 When I spake laste wyth them thay sayd that awl thyng schullde abyd yowr cwmyng. 1482 R. Cely Let. 13 May in Cely Lett. (1975) 152 Syr, aull thys matter abydythe the cowmyng of her father to London. a1500 (c1400) Vision of Tundale (Adv.) (1843) 702 (MED) A grette peyn abydys hus yette. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Acts xx. 23 Bondes and trouble abyde me. 1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. 1 Pet. i. f. ii^v As long as we were the sonnes of the synful Adam, an infortunate enheritaunce abode us. 1619 T. Taylor Αρχὴν Ἁπάντων: Comm. Epist. Paul to Titus (new ed.) i. 13. 260 He knewe that bands and imprisonment did abide him in euerie citie. 1640 Homilies i. 11. iii. 88 Those most grieuous and intolerable torments, which abide all uncleane persons. 1704 B. Kennet tr. B. Pascal Thoughts Relig. Pref. p. x To be informed..what Fate abides him hereafter. 1737 J. Bannatyne Mistakes about Relig. ii. 13 In the Death of Christ we have..a Sample of the Punishment which abides wicked Men. 1760 J. Home Siege Aquileia v. in Dramatic Wks. 253 One fate abides the children. 1826 E. Irving Babylon II. vi. 142 A foretaste of the fiery lake which abideth him. 1870 M. F. Tupper Creed 25 These planet-worlds rolling outside us So lightsome and glorious and great May well be the homes that abide us When come to the heavenly state. 1980 J. Langland Any Body's Song i. 15 If I knock upon your door Somewhere in another world, Let this oak abide us there. 2. a. intransitive. To wait before proceeding further; to pause, delay, tarry. Occasionally with specified period of time. Now archaic. ΘΚΠ the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > delay or postponement > delay [verb (intransitive)] geleOE studegieOE abideOE to do in or a (= on) fristc1175 dwellc1175 demurc1230 targec1250 dretcha1325 tarrya1375 sojourn1377 defer1382 letc1385 hinderc1386 blina1400 delay?a1400 honea1400 litea1400 overbidea1400 prolongc1425 supersede1433 hoverc1440 tarrowc1480 sunyie1488 stay?a1500 sleep1519 slack1530 protract1540 linger1548 procrastinate1548 slackc1560 slug1565 jauk1568 temporize1579 detract1584 longering1587 sit1591 prorogue1593 to time it out1613 to lie out1640 crastinate1656 taigle17.. to hang fire1782 to hold off1790 to hang it on1819 prevaricate1854 to lie over1856 to tread water1942 to drag one's feet1946 OE Ælfric Old Eng. Hexateuch: Gen. (Claud.) viii. 10 He abad ða gyt oðre seofan dagas & asende ut eft culfran. OE tr. Felix St. Guthlac (Vesp.) (1909) v. 129 Þa leton hi hine ane hwile abidan and gestandan [OE Vercelli leton hie hine bidan ana and gestandan; L. sistere illum paulisper fecerunt]. a1200 (?c1175) Poema Morale (Trin. Cambr.) l. 130 in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 224 (MED) He is sot þe swo abit to habben godes ore. c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 173 Moni mon abit [Titus abides] forte schriuen him aðet ðe nede tippe. c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) 493 (MED) Vor none dor no leng nabideþ, Ac eurich upon oþer rideþ. c1300 (?c1225) King Horn (Cambr.) (1901) l. 720 (MED) His swerd he gan fonge; Nabod he noȝt to longe. c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 7849 (MED) He nolde noȝt abide vor te is fader deþ. c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 2118 Theseus abiden hath a space, Er any word..cam from his wise brest. tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) i. 823 (MED) And ther is cold, thyn heruest seed bytyme Is best to haste; in sprynginge seed tabide [L. verna vero tardior]. 1496 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (de Worde) vi. xxv. 275/1 God abode of punysshynge tyll he had undernomen Eue. a1522 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid (1960) xi. ii. 91 Eneas tho can styntyng and abaid, And with a petuus regrait thus he said. 1528 T. More Dialogue Heresyes iv, in Wks. (1557) 251/1. Abide ye quod I, and ye shal heare worse yet. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Judges xvi. 2 Abyde, tomorrow whan it is lighte, we wyll slaye him. 1575 N. Udall & J. Higgins tr. Terence Flowers Lat. Speech sig. Pij^v Abyde awhile, let mee first of all tell forth this that I haue begon. a1645 W. Browne tr. M. Le Roy Hist. Polexander (1647) v. i. 287 In spight of my desire to answer the Queen, I must abide a while silent. 1708 E. Arwaker Sel. Fables i. xxxii. 46 Then, as the sprightly Beau approach'd, he cry'd, Fine Thing, let me intreat you to abide. 1856 H. S. Riddell Gospel St. Matthew xvii. 22 An' while they abade in Galilee, Jesus said untill them [etc.]. a1880 T. T. Stoddart Crown Jewel (1898) iv. iii Abide one moment. Pity 'tis, Now I have found this cousin-ship, to give So quick a go-bye to it. 1967 Dict. Amer. Regional Eng. (1985) (at cited word) Abide a bit. 1990 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 1 Mar. 16 Abide a bit on one of the log pews in the filtered sunshine and let the sense of peace wash over you. †b. intransitive. To linger over a task. Obsolete. ΚΠ a1402 J. Trevisa tr. R. Fitzralph Defensio Curatorum (Harl.) (1925) 80 (MED) For to abide longe about þe preuyng herof, hit semeþ me to childlich a dede. c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iv. 3733 It shuld be to longe a tariynge, Ceriously þer-on to abyde. 1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour (1580) 137 That incomparable treasure called amitie, in the declaration wher-off I haue aboden the longer. †3. intransitive. To stop; to come to a halt. Frequently in imperative. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > absence of movement > [verb (intransitive)] > cease to move or become motionless > come to a stand or stop abideOE atstandc1000 steveneta1225 atstuntc1230 to make, take, etc., stallc1275 stema1300 astandc1314 withstanda1325 stintc1374 arrestc1400 stotec1400 stayc1440 steadc1475 stop short1530 disadvance1610 come1611 consist1611 check1635 halt1656 to bring to1697 to draw up1767 to bring up1769 to pull up1781 to fetch up1838 to come to a standstill1852 OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Matt. xxvii. 49 Ceteri uero dicebant sine uideamus an ueniat helias liberans eum : oðre ðonne cuoedon abid [OE West Saxon Gospels: Corpus Cambr. læt] wutun we gesea hweðer cyme gefriega hine. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 14020 Abid abid wifmann. abid Ne comm nohht ȝet min time. c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) 837 (MED) Abid! abid! þe ule seide, þu gest al to mid swikelede. c1300 St. James Great (Harl.) l. 30 in F. J. Furnivall Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 58 Aȝen þe deuel he com adoun: & bad þe schrewe abide. c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 859 Ȝongling, þou schalt abide! Foles þou wendest to fand! c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) 2217 (MED) ‘Abyde,’ quoþ on on þe bonke abouen. a1450 Generides (Pierpont Morgan) (1865) l. 122 Here horses that thei on ride, Were so werie that thei abide. ?1500 Robert Deuyll in W. J. Thoms Coll. Early Prose Romances (1828) I. 54 Abyde, thou false traytour. 1634 Malory's Arthur (1816) I. 103 I was so furious in my quest that I would not abide. 4. a. intransitive. To remain in expectation; to wait, lie in wait. Now rare and archaic. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > expectation, waiting > wait, await [verb (intransitive)] bidec1000 onbideOE abidelOE sustainc1350 tarry1390 await1393 to wait for1577 hearken1580 attend1589 sit1591 wait and see1719 to wait on1773 to hold one's (also the) breath1987 lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1091 He [sc. se cyng Melcolm] for mid his fyrde ut of Scotlande into Loðene on Englaland & þær abad. a1225 ( Ælfric's Homily De Duodecim Abusivis (Lamb. 487) in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 103 His wite abideð [OE Corpus Cambr. 178 andbidað, lOE Vesp. D.xiv anbideð] on þere oðre weorlde. ?c1400 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (BL Add. 10340) (1868) iii. pr. i. l. 1716 I abood til þat thow haddest swych habyte of thy thowght as thow hast now. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 290 Thei a-bode stille in the town, and soiourned to a-bide to here tidinges of the kynge Arthur. 1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. ix. xii. 580/2 He had almost abidden in leaguer before it one whole yeere. 1611 Bible (King James) Gen. xxii. 5 Abide you here with the asse, and I and the lad will goe yonder. View more context for this quotation 1634 Malory's Arthur (1816) II. 249 Sir Percivale had abidden there till mid-day. a1717 W. Diaper tr. Oppian Halieuticks (1722) i. 49 Bring forth their Young, and on the Shores abide, Till twice six times they see the Eastern Gleams Brighten the Hills, and tremble on the Streams. 1773 J. Ross Fratricide (MS) ii. 17 And for the grove by Abel dedicate..The Fiend stalks fast, in-rushes and abides. 1852 Internat. Mag. Lit., Art & Sci. Apr. 488/2 A solitary being placed on this earth as in a desert place, where he was commanded, for his own needful discipline, to abide, till spirits should be revealed to him. 1887 W. Morris tr. Homer Odyssey I. xv. 269 But abide till I bring to thy twi-car the gifts. 1943 D. L. Sayers Man born to be King xii. 342 If I choose that he should abide until my coming, what is that to you? b. intransitive. With upon, after, for, on. rare after 17th cent. ΚΠ a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. 1599 (MED) Thei maken gret manace And upon thi comynge abyde. c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iv. l. 1926 (MED) Þei may nat now but after deþ abide. c1450 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 15th Cent. (1939) 283 Wher-on was wrytyn A Resoun full Ryght, And all was for the better A-byde. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 99/3 They that were there abode upon thende of the thyng. 1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome v. 418 The Faderis..determit to abide on the returning of thare legatis. 1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Matt. viii. f. 12 We know what misery and wretchednes abydeth for us. a1594 J. White in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1600) III. 290 We came to Cape S. Anthony, where we found our consort the Moonelight and her Pinnesse abiding for our comming. a1605 R. Bannatyne Memorials Trans. Scotl. (1836) 15 They abaid vpon sic as [etc.]. 1652 S. Ward Philos. Ess. ii. 71 We can hardly avoid..the comparison of the time of our duration here, with that other continuance which doth abide for us hereafter. 1874 A. C. Swinburne Bothwell v. iv. 469 Who knew not what should make this man so proud That none durst speak against him of your friends But must abide for answer unaware The peril of the swords that followed him? 1941 Jrnl. Compar. Legislation & Internat. Law 23 14 To abide for a Parliament was to run the risk that in the meantime great prejudice might ensue to the Realm. 5. transitive. To await defiantly; to encounter, withstand, or sustain; to face, esp. in combat. Now somewhat archaic. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (transitive)] > confront abidec1275 stand?1316 visagec1386 bidec1400 to stand to ——1562 affront1569 to look (a person, etc.) in the face1573 outface1574 front1582 to meet with1585 confront1594 propose1594 to stand up to1596 outfront1631 to stand forth to1631 head1682 meet1725 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 1583 Corineus heom eafter com..Ne ganninde ne ridinde ne durste him nan abiden. c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) 1702 Ȝef ȝe abideþ mine here, Ȝe schule on oþer wise singe. c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 6137 (MED) Dreduol he was to is fon, þat him dorste vewe abide. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) 1131 (MED) & egged him swiþe, bi a certayne day bataile to abide. a1400 (?a1350) Seege Troye (Egerton) (1927) l. 1331 (MED) Þer is no man in al oure syde Þat dar his strook in bataile abyde. 1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) iii. 14 He bauldly yaim abaid. a1500 (?a1400) Sir Torrent of Portyngale (1887) l. 1467 (MED) He wold not the geaunt abyde For all this contrey feyre and wyde. 1577 R. Holinshed Hist. Scotl. 273/2 in Chron. I The other that fledde, caste themselues aboute, and manly abode their enimyes. 1623 J. Bingham tr. Xenophon Hist. 47 They had not the heart to abide you; why should you be afraid of them. 1649 O. Cromwell Lett. & Speeches (Carl.) Let. 67 Those gentlemen who have abid the brunt of the service. 1756 tr. G. Wishart Mem. J. Graham i. xix. 175 When Argyle's people saw the resolution and activity of the Athole-men, they did not abide their attack, but immediately retired towards Stirling. ?1770 Adventures of Actor viii. 97 O who will abide the pitiless pelting of that day!—Who will dare to stand before the Lamb of God! 1816 W. Scott Old Mortality ii, in Tales of my Landlord 1st Ser. III. 36 The..insurgents appeared to be drawn up with the purpose of abiding battle. 1858 H. Miller My Schools & Schoolmasters (new ed.) 133 He soon learned to abide..terrors which most of my bolder companions shrank from encountering. 1932 R. Kipling Storm Cone It is decreed that we abide The weight of gale against the tide. 1963 T. A. Dodge Caesar I. ix. 129 Calling a council of war, it was determined to hold the camp and abide the attack which the barbarians were sure to make. 2004 Grand Rapids (Mich.) Press (Nexis) 5 Sept. d7 Through loneliness and awkward moments, slurs yelled by fans during freshman games, it had been Page who kept laughing, kept things light. Northington, the quiet one, could not abide that weight alone. 6. transitive. To await submissively or patiently; to await (the decree or judgement of); to submit to; = bide v. 8. Now archaic. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > obedience > submissiveness > submission > submit to [verb (transitive)] undergangc1000 undergoc1175 abidec1275 bidec1275 shootc1275 undergoc1315 submit1397 incline?a1400 vail1610 cede1633 defer1686 c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) 1695 (MED) Þu ne darst domes abide. c1410 (c1350) Gamelyn (Harl. 7334) 24 (MED) He lay stille On his deþ-bedde to abyde Goddes wille. c1450 (c1370) G. Chaucer A.B.C (Cambr. Ff.5.30) (1878) l. 131 My faderes chastisinge Þat dar i nouht abiden in no wise. 1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxlii. sig. s4 He fonde suffisaunt suerte to abide the lawe. 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. xxv. 36 To abyde the ordynaunce of the Kyng of Fraunce. 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II v. vi. 22 Here is Carleil liuing, to abide Thy kingly doome, and sentence. View more context for this quotation 1606 in J. R. N. Macphail Highland Papers (1920) III. 86 I offer to abyid the tryell. 1668 W. Prynne Exact Chronol. Vindic. III. 906 To appear before him in the Parliament at Lincoln, to abide his order in this businesse. 1705 in W. S. Perry Hist. Coll. Amer. Colonial Church: Virginia (1870) I. 163 Having abiden her Majesty's just determination. 1791 T. Paine Rights of Man i. 149 The creditors ought to have abided the fate of the Government. 1821 J. Baillie Metrical Legends 74 He must abide his fatal doom. 1859 Ld. Tennyson Enid in Idylls of King 31 [Thou shalt] Crave pardon for that insult done the Queen, And shalt abide her judgment on it. 1924 Amer. Mercury Dec. 387/2 Spain was whipped, and abjectly abided our will. 1977 A. Thwaite Portion of Foxes 33 In Tokyo or Benghazi, he [sc. Shakespeare] abides Our questioning syllabus still. †7. transitive. To wait till the end of; to hear out (a speech). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > hear [verb (transitive)] > listen to > listen to end abidea1450 to hear out1637 a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xv. 769 (MED) Iosephes Abod Alle hire Answere Evene to the Ende. a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xxiii. 5 (MED) The kyng Alle his tales wel Abod & ful wel hem likede. ?1548 Ld. Berners tr. D. de San Pedro Castell of Loue sig. Hv She wolde not abyde the aunswere of y^e innocent her doughter Laureola, bycause she wolde not receyue doble sorow. 1592 B. Rich Aduentures Brusanus iii. xvi. 153 Leonida not willing to abide any further speeches, cut him of in this manner. 1632 H. More tr. G. Piatti Happines Relig. State xii. 263 To abide reproachful speaches, to loue those that hate vs, is Martyrdome in secret thought. II. To remain, stay. 8. intransitive. To remain without going away, to stay. Now somewhat archaic. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > absence of movement > [verb (intransitive)] > remain as opposed to go bidec893 yleaveOE leaveOE wonc1000 abideOE worthOE beliveOE atstutte-nc1220 stuttea1225 atstuntc1230 astinta1250 beleavea1325 lasta1325 stounda1325 stinta1340 joukc1374 restaya1382 to leave over1394 liec1400 byec1425 onbidec1430 keep1560 stay1575 delay1655 to wait on1773 stop1801 to sit on1815 to hang around1830 to stick around1878 to sit tight1897 remain1912 stay-down1948 the world > space > place > presence > be present [verb (intransitive)] > continue present abideOE remain1426 stay1575 OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1900) II. 278 Se halga wer ferde hwilon þæt folc to lærenne geond his bisceoprice, þa abidon his geferan for sumere neode bæftan, and he sylf rad forð. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 217 All þe follc þær ute abad. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 13135 Vortiger þer abed [c1300 abod] þe while Constance awæi rad. c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 1797 (MED) Her shal y now abide. ?a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Egerton) (1889) 4 It will noȝt habyde þerin. a1450 St. Edith (Faust.) (1883) l. 4350 (MED) Thre dayes and thre nyȝtus he þere a-badde. c1480 (a1400) St. Mary of Egypt 250 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 303 A-byde a lytil. 1574 A. Golding tr. A. Marlorat Catholike Expos. Reuelation 37 You are they that haue abidden by me in al my temptations. a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) iii. i. 141 Ile call vpon you straight: abide within. View more context for this quotation 1647 S. Danforth Almanack 11 It may be now some enemy..will make you fly. Where is it best then to abide? I think close by the fier side. 1712 H. Prideaux Direct. Church-wardens (ed. 4) 12 1st, For absenting from Church. 2dly, For not abiding there till..Sermon be ended. 1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. ix. 407 He within his ships Abode the while. 1820 W. Scott Monastery II. iii. 112 Had I abidden with him. 1842 Ld. Tennyson Two Voices in Poems (new ed.) II. 126 While thou abodest in the bud. It was the stirring of the blood. a1847 H. F. Lyte Remains (1850) 119 Abide with me! Fast falls the eventide; The darkness deepens: Lord, with me abide! 1911 R. Brooke Compl. Poems (1932) 159 Still he went Cityward daily; still she did abide At home. 1996 USA Today 15 Nov. a12/4 Would you want your son or daughter to be sent to Zaire.., abide there while Rwanda and other countries are rebuilt? 9. intransitive. Of a person: to stay habitually in a place; to remain in residence; to reside, dwell. Also of an animal: to inhabit or stay in a place. Cf. abode n.¹ 3. Now somewhat archaic. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > [verb (intransitive)] wonc725 erdec893 siteOE liveeOE to make one's woningc960 through-wonOE bigc1175 walkc1225 inwonea1300 lenda1300 lenga1300 lingera1300 erthec1300 stallc1315 lasta1325 lodge1362 habit?a1366 breeda1375 inhabitc1374 indwella1382 to have one's mansionc1385 to take (up) one's inn (or inns)a1400 keepc1400 repairc1400 to have (also hold, keep, make) one's residencec1405 to hold (also keep, make, take, etc.) one's mansiona1425 winc1425 to make (one's) residence1433 resort1453 abidec1475 use1488 remaina1500 demur1523 to keep one's house1523 occupy1523 reside1523 enerdc1540 kennel1552 bower1596 to have (also hold, keep, make) residence1597 subsist1618 mansiona1638 tenant1650 fastena1657 hospitate1681 wont1692 stay1754 to hang out1811 home1832 habitate1866 OE Crist III 1630 Hy abidan sceolon in sinnehte, sar endeleas, firendædum fa, forð þrowian. c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) 16333 Hengest abod [c1275 wunede] vpon ane munede. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1638 Ðre flockes of sep..ðor abiden, al for-ði. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 13 (MED) Alle wenten into helle, and þere abyde þe guode ine zikere hope. a1400 (?a1350) Seege Troye (Egerton) (1927) l. 1377 (MED) Ector þen at hoom abydeþ [a1425 Linc. Inn abydes, c1450 Arms abydyþ, a1475 Harl. abytt]. c1475 in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (Harl. 642) (1790) 25 If the Prince be so abyding in household at a certayn..then the Thesaurere of household to be charged therof in his accompt. c1475 in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (Harl. 642) (1790) 24 A Prince..abydyng at sojourne in this court, he hathe byn accustomed to pay for his diettes. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 9 (MED) She abode in her chamber alone. 1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus Inhabitabilis,..unhabitable: that can not be abidden in. 1574 St. Avstens Manuell in Certaine Prayers S. Augustines Medit. Pref. sig. Nij^v Thou [sc. God] art in me, bycause thou abydest in my mynde. 1611 Bible (King James) Luke viii. 27 And ware no clothes, neither abode in any house, but in the tombes. View more context for this quotation 1687 J. Dryden Hind & Panther iii. 108 No Martyn there in winter shall abide. 1743 M. Catesby Nat. Hist. Carolina II. p. xxvi Land-Birds which breed and abide in Carolina in the Summer, and retire in Winter:..The yellow Titmouse. The purple Martin. The humming Bird. 1767 in C. Devlin Poor Kit Smart (1961) xiii. 174 A gentleman derived from ancestors who have abode..six hundred years in the County Palatine of Durham. 1860 G. P. R. Pulman Song of Solomon ii. 14 Yeue, mai dove, that abaid'th in th' gaps o' th' rocks. 1862 D. M. Mulock Domest. Stories 243 I had abided for a brief space at that paradise of cockneys, Southend. 1873 A. Helps Some Talk about Animals & their Masters vi. 136 I thought of the mean hovels in which many of our peasantry abide. 1946 D. C. Peattie Road of Naturalist (U.K. ed.) iii. 34 A naturalist's curiosity to see what sort of life abides in that spot with a name like a curse [sc. Death Valley]. a1973 J. R. R. Tolkien Silmarillion (1977) i. 40 Ulmo was alone, and he abode not in Valinor..; he dwelt from the beginning of Arda in the Outer Ocean. 2000 Leicester Mercury (Nexis) 18 Aug. 34 She had done some digging around and found out that because her mum is Welsh she has a right to abide in Britain. 10. intransitive. Of a thing: to remain, continue, stay (in a place). ΘΚΠ the world > movement > absence of movement > [verb (intransitive)] > remain in one place stickeOE abideOE dwell13.. occupy1413 to leave behind?a1425 remain1426 reside1488 consist1542 in1825 to stay put1843 OE Soul & Body II (1936) 56 Ac her sculon abidan ban bireafod, besliten seonwum. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 229^v In euery grayne is boþe piþþe and rynde, in þe which piþ abydeþ [L. relinquitur] þe cause of resoun semynal. a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich Hist. Holy Grail xxix. l. 32 The braunch In hire hond was Abydinge. a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. viii. 81 Sich powder apon vs dryfys, Where it abidys it makys a blayn. c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 169^v Let hir bones with baret abide in this aire As a caren vncleane for hir curst dedis. 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. ii. 41 Aire clung to Aire, and Earth with Earth abid. 1652 N. Culpeper Eng. Physitian Enlarged 42 Before the stalk with the flowers have abidden a month above ground. 1729 W. Law Serious Call xxiii. 464 Their guilt still abides upon you. 1776 J. Beattie Minstrel i. viii, in Poems Several Occasions 3 Thy loathsome heart.., Where fear, distrust, malevolence, abide. 1816 M. Holford Margaret of Anjou iii. xxxvii. 123 There Cain's polluting blot abides. 1876 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (ed. 2) IV. xviii. 185 Whose name abode on Northumbrian tongues as the embodiment of good and just government. 1914 Z. Grey Rustlers of Pecos County v. 99 Absolute assurance that this was just did not abide with her. 1975 J. Montague Slow Dance 56 And still a sense of loneliness abides. 2005 Men's Health (U.K. ed.) June 119/1 We [sc. Buddhists] believe that there is a subtle consciousness which..abides in each individual from the beginning of time until ‘Buddhahood’ is attained. 11. intransitive. To remain, continue, or persist in (also †on) some state or action. Also with complement: to continue to be, to remain. Cf. bide v. 2a. Now somewhat rare. ΚΠ OE Ælfric Homily (Corpus Cambr. 188) in B. Assmann Angelsächsische Homilien u. Heiligenleben (1889) 60 Cain..abad eac on life oð ða seofoþan mægðe. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 8579 Twa gode menn þatt wærenn her. Biforenn cristess come. & ȝet abidenn i þiss lif. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 422 An hundred ger..Adam fro eue in srifte abead. c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer Wife of Bath's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) Prol. l. 255 She may no while in chastitee abyde. ?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 192 The coles wil duellen & abyden all quyk. 1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 14^v If thou wilt, the loue of thy frend shal abyde ferme unto the, be curteise to him. a1500 (?a1422) J. Lydgate Life Our Lady (Adv.) in W. B. D. D. Turnbull Visions of Tundale (1843) 93 (MED) Of perfyt ryches hit is tresory, Whych may not wast but eylyke abyde. 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. cxcviii. 2 The towne abode frenche. 1530 Myroure Oure Ladye (Fawkes) (1873) iii. 298 After the byrthe, thou haste abyden vyrgyn vndefowled. c1586 J. Stewart Poems (1913) 74 The banquet quhilk prepaird abeed. 1611 Bible (King James) John xv. 10 If ye keepe my commandements, ye shal abide in my loue, euen as I have kept my Father's commandements, and abide in his loue [Wyclif dwelle, Tindale, Coverd. Cranm. Geneva byde, Rheims abide] . View more context for this quotation 1670 W. Annand Pater Noster v. 213 Be circumspect in thy way, purifying thy soul by faith, abiding in hope; dwelling in love. 1718 P. Booth Nature & Necessity Christian Baptism 25 These are the Benefits, the Advantages, and Blessings, of putting on Christ in Baptism, and abiding true Members of his mystical Body the Church. 1799 J. West Poems & Plays III. 256 Still faithful in his warfare to abide, My hope His favour, and His word my guide. 1863 Continental Monthly Dec. 608/1 The generations heave on into the great sea and are forgotten, but the Nation abides the same. 1936 Ogden (Utah) Standard-Examiner 20 Apr. a5/8 All our hopes are centered not on the speedily acquired populace or throngs but on the few here and there who will abide faithful against all odds. 1999 Seattle Times (Nexis) 28 Aug. d8 In a world which is rapidly changing and sometimes seems to be falling to pieces, we need to center our attention on the eternal things which abide unchanged. 12. intransitive. To continue in existence, endure; to stand firm or sure, remain steadfast. ΘΚΠ the world > time > duration > have duration [verb (intransitive)] > endure, remain, persist, or continue bidec893 lastOE through-wonOE ylasta1000 standOE runOE lastlOE beleavec1200 abidec1275 cleavec1275 durec1275 dwell13.. endurec1386 perseverec1390 continuec1400 contunec1400 tarrya1450 remainc1455 perdure?a1475 rest1474 permanec1485 succeed1486 perpetuate1530 persist1531 demur1547 perduratea1558 weara1568 to hold it out1585 to hold out1585 abye1590 contain1592 live1592 perennate1623 to draw overa1700 exist1754 linger1764 to hang it out1939 c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) 1389 Flesches lustes is strong to cwesse; Nis wunder nan þah he abide. a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Psalms cxviii. 90 Thou foundedist the erthe, and it abit [v.r. abideth; L. permanet; a1425 L.V. dwellith] stille. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 168 And shulde haue standen stronge and abiden [L. permansisset], if þei hadde nouȝt ysynned. R. Misyn tr. R. Rolle Fire of Love 84 (MED) Þe dreggis of syne to deed truly abydis, bot in deed it parischys. a1500 in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) I. 309 Fy on a false hert that dar not abyde. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Psalms xci. 7 But thou Lorde o most hyest, abydest worlde without ende. 1586 in W. A. Craigie Maitland Quarto MS (1920) lxv. 87 The bad abydis, the best ay sonest gois. 1611 Bible (King James) Psalms cxix. 90 Thou hast established the earth, and it abideth . View more context for this quotation 1681 J. Flavell Method of Grace viii. 175 Your fellowship with Christ is interminable, and abides for ever. 1721 R. Blackmore New Version Psalms lv. ii. 117 Jehovah, who abides of old, Will hear and them chastise. 1794 T. S. Whalley Edwy & Edilda (new ed.) v. 145 Long did their numerous offspring live, Their country's boast, and pride, And still shall live, while love, and truth, And honour, shall abide. 1876 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. iv. 153 The Norman..abides in his lineage and in his works, but he is Norman no longer. 1878 J. Miller Songs Italy 123 Nothing has been that abideth now..Nothing shall be that shall abide. 1932 Philosophy 7 72 We have the capacity to create what may abide beyond us. 1991 S. Barry Prayers of Sherkin i, in Plays: One (1997) 55 Lord, we do abide, even unto this third generation. 13. a. intransitive. Of a thing: to remain after other things are taken or have gone; to remain over, be left behind. Cf. bide v. 4. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > that which is left or remainder > remain or be left [verb (intransitive)] to be leftOE leaveOE abidea1393 bidec1400 remainc1425 resta1500 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. 2909 (MED) Ther schal abyden of thi regne A time ayein whan thou schalt regne. c1400 J. Gower Eng. Wks. (1901) II. 489 Here fame abit, bot al is vanite. a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) i 1419 (MED) Yiff auht abitt that they may nat transuerse. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Amos ii. C The archer shall not abyde, and the swifte off fote shall not escape. 1647 J. Trapp Comm. Evangelists & Acts (Matt.) 139 That image..is by the fall defaced and abolished; yet are there some reliques thereof still abiding, which God will not have destroyed. 1842 Ld. Tennyson Ulysses in Poems (new ed.) II. 91 Tho' much is taken, much abides. 1956 Amer. Lit. 28 2 Only the earth and the Gulf Stream abide after the vortex of human vanities has subsided forever. b. intransitive. Of a person: to stay behind, remain (after others have departed). Cf bide v. 3. Now somewhat archaic. ΘΚΠ the world > time > a suitable time or opportunity > untimeliness > delay or postponement > delay [verb (intransitive)] > on one's way or linger hovec1220 abide1487 linger1530 hover1591 hanker1601 to linger on1805 hang1830 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xii. 73 Than thai with-drew thaim euir-ilkane, And durst nocht than abyde [1489 Adv. abid] to ficht. 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. ii. 3 All such as in cruel batels haue ben seen abyding to [= till] the discomfeture. 1565 A. Golding tr. Caesar Martiall Exploytes in Gallia viii. f. 243^v Suche as had abidden behinde to tyll the ground. c1639 W. Mure Psalmes xvii. 14 in Wks. (1898) II. 77 That what they leaue ther babs may brook, Quhich after them abide. ?1742 Generous Lover in tr. M. de Cervantes Instructive & Entertaining Novels 189 Ali being gone full of false Hopes, and Hazan abiding behind not void of them. 1823 J. Galt Ringan Gilhaize II. v. 50 I cannot perforce abide behind, but will go forth with you to the battle. 1895 S. R. Crockett Bog-myrtle & Peat 45 He abode to see what would happen. 1952 J. D. Mackie Earlier Tudors viii. 274 The others bluntly told their inefficient commander that they would not abide after Michaelmas. 1996 Univ. Toronto Q. (Nexis) 65 Place laments that she must abide behind, whereas Elizabeth moves on, taking Time with her. 14. intransitive. With by. To stand firm by, remain true to; to act in accordance with, submit to, obey; = to bide by at bide v. 2b(a). In early use also with upon, (Scottish) at. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > constancy or steadfastness > adhere constantly or steadfastly to [verb (transitive)] to stand in ——a1382 abidea1393 saddena1500 to bide bya1513 to stick to ——?1531 to stout out1568 to make good1606 winter1608 buckle1793 maintain1819 society > authority > subjection > obedience > obey or be obedient to [verb (transitive)] > act in conformity to a rule or decree to stand at ——c1300 to stand to ——c1300 usec1300 keep1387 abidea1393 obeya1393 stand?1435 answer1552 trace1649 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) i. 3201 And telleth him, in such degre Upon my word ye wole abide To lif or deth. 1447 in J. B. Paul Registrum Magni Sigilli Scotorum (1882) II. 68/2 Thai sal stand and abide at the ordinance. 1484 W. Cely Let. 25 Mar. in Cely Lett. (1975) 206 The Stappell wyll sendd ij sadd men..to know wheder they wyll abyde be that entercoursse or nott. 1509 Bp. J. Fisher Wks. i. 221 His commaundement must nedes be obeyed and abyden by. 1528 T. More Dialogue Heresyes ii, in Wks. (1557) 183/1 The verye churche hath euer had some that hath abidden by theyr faith. a1576 L. Nowell Vocabularium Saxonicum (1952) 28/1 Andstandan, To sustayne, to abide by, to beare. 1642 Bp. J. Taylor Of Sacred Order Episcopacy 217 They that call for such a reduction hope to gaine by it, and then would most certainly have abidden by it. 1650 J. Trapp Clavis to Bible (Gen. iv. 12) 50 He was langold to it, and must abide by it. 1678 G. Mackenzie Laws & Customes Scotl. xxvii. 270 The user of the writ gets a dyet affixed to him, to deliver at, if he will abide thereby, and at the day affixt, he must..simply abide thereat, without any qualification. 1739 Bp. J. Butler Serm. in Wks. (1874) II. 221 They are to make their choice, and abide by it. 1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. Introd. iii. 69 It is an established rule to abide by former precedents, when the same points come again in litigation. 1772 ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra II. lxviii. 314 You will abide by the authority of this great man. 1814 M. Edgeworth Patronage II. xix. 182 Lord Oldborough abided, not only by his own measures, but by his own instruments. 1855 Ld. Tennyson Maud xvi. ii, in Maud & Other Poems 52 Dare I bid her abide by her word? 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. §24. 171 The rules were fixed, and I must abide by them. 1939 R. P. Warren Night Rider vi. 141 He could join the Association and abide by its rules and regulations. 1981 S. J. Flower et al. Debrett's Etiquette & Mod. Manners ix. 239 Many hospitals still have fixed visiting hours and it is essential to abide by these. 2002 Independent 19 Feb. 10/1 The Court of Appeal ruled that they must abide by European law. III. To suffer, tolerate. 15. transitive. To experience or undergo; to endure, suffer, bear; = bide v. 9a. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > adversity > suffer (adversity or affliction) [verb (transitive)] thave835 i-dreeeOE tholec897 abeareOE underbearc950 adreeOE dreeOE driveOE i-tholeOE throwOE underfoc1000 bearOE bidec1200 suffera1250 abidec1275 drinka1340 endure1340 underfong1382 receivec1384 abyea1393 sustain1398 finda1400 undergoa1400 get?c1430 underganga1470 ponder?a1525 a dog's lifea1528 tolerate1531 to stand to ——1540 to feel the weight of?1553 enjoy1577 carry1583 abrook1594 to stand under ——a1616 to fall a victim to1764 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 15565 Þe an þe oderne smat, & he þeos dundes abad [c1300 abod]. ?a1300 Iacob & Iosep (Bodl.) (1916) l. 244 (MED) Ac þer he is ful longe muche wo to abide. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 167 (MED) Uor to abide þe tormens and þe zorȝes þet byeþ to comene. 1465 M. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 300 My lord of Norwych seyd..that he wold not ha byden the sorow and trobell that ye haue a-byden. a1500 (a1449) J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 381 (MED) Than y, alas..at myn herte abyde the dedely payne. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Heb. xii. 2 For the ioye that was set before hym abode the crosse. 1584 H. Llwyd & D. Powel Hist. Cambria 199 The castele Abood diuerse assaults. 1588 A. King tr. P. Canisius Cathechisme or Schort Instr. 125 Christ our lord..abaid ye schame of ye croce. 1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique iii. xlix. 530 The best and sweetest, though not alwaies stronger then that which hath abode the presse. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 59 The other name..Valerius Soranus blurted out, & soon after abid the smart for it. 1606 P. Holland tr. Suetonius Hist. Twelve Caesars 239 Domitian abidd condigne punishment for his avarice and crueltie. 1638 R. Sanderson Serm. II. 96 Service so hard that it might not be abiden. 1678 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. vi. 100 It will not be strong enough to abide tough work. 1759 tr. Lit. Mem. Germany & North II. 26 His mentioning, that this anodyne Sulphur of vitriol is in its nature fixed or can abide the fire, destroys any such conjecture. 1840 F. Trollope Michael Armstrong iii. 25 He seemed to settle himself in the arm-chair either to enjoy the fun, or abide the tempest. 1876 H. Wilkins Wayside Flowers 209 Some false hearts quailed and turned away to bear a coward's name, Too timid to abide the storm or share a warrior's fame. 1900 Econ. Jrnl. 10 68 He abides the constant risk of finding all his pains unrewarded. 1960 G. Kinnell What Kingdom it Was iv. x. 76 Everything That may abide the fire was made to go through the fire And it was made clean. 2002 Sun Herald (Biloxi, Mississippi) (Nexis) 8 Sept. c9 They were willing to abide the slings and arrows of editorialists. 16. To tolerate, to put up with; to be able to endure; = stand v. 8d(a). Chiefly in negative and (occasionally) interrogative constructions. Usually with can. a. transitive. With direct object. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > calmness > patience > endure patiently [verb (transitive)] > bear with or tolerate forbearc897 tholec950 bearOE abidec1300 bidea1325 takec1330 suffer1340 wielda1375 to have patience with (also in, toward)c1384 supportc1384 to sit with ——c1400 sustainc1400 thulgec1400 acceptc1405 to away with1528 brook1530 well away1533 to bear with —1538 digest1553 to comport with1565 stand1567 purse?1571 to put up1573 well away1579 comport1588 fadge1592 abrook1594 to come away1594 to take up with1609 swallow1611 embracea1616 to pack up1624 concocta1627 to set down bya1630 to take with ——1632 tolerate1646 brook1658 stomach1677 pouch1819 c1300 (c1250) Floris & Blauncheflur (Cambr.) (1966) l. 40 Hu þus child murninge sit? Mete ne drinke he nabit. c1410 in C. Horstmann Yorkshire Writers (1896) II. 444 (MED) Þow norisschest, fedist, and abidist þin vnprofitable worm. 1509 tr. A. de la Sale Fyftene Ioyes of Maryage (de Worde) (new ed.) i. sig. Bij A syr she sayd, now wote I well that ye None otherwyse can speke but repreue me Of my landes, this may I not abyde. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Job xix. 17 Myne owne wyfe maye not abyde my breth. c1592 Faire Em sig. C2^v Of all things I cannot abide Phisicke. 1618 W. Raleigh Remains (1644) 128 Oyntment is pleasing to Man; but Beetles and Bees cannot abide it. 1627 M. Drayton Nimphidia in Battaile Agincourt 121 He would not haue aboad it. 1676 G. Etherege Man of Mode ii. i. 17 He calls me Rogue, tells me he can't abide me. 1727 D. Defoe Ess. Hist. Apparitions xv. 373 He could not abide an Ass. 1741 S. Richardson Pamela III. xxx. 180 Methinks there is such a hissing Sound in the Word Sister, that I cannot abide it. 1797 R. Cumberland False Impressions i. i My dear Jenny can't abide boots; very right, very reasonable; soil the carpet, dawb her petticoats, annoy her olfactories. 1819 Q. Rev. Apr. 526 She became madly fond of Rinaldo, who could not abide her. 1833 H. Martineau Three Ages iii. 84 She could not abide the country, and would not be tempted to leave dear London. 1872 ‘M. Twain’ Roughing It xii. 106 Could you abide an Angel in an unclean shirt and no suspenders? 1915 J. Buchan Thirty-nine Steps i. 25 He wanted to fetch a doctor, but I..said I couldn't abide leeches. 1977 Newsweek 14 Nov. 23/1 Public schools abide mediocre students. 1998 Mirror 1 Apr. 30/2 The sun and the planet Uranus are giving you the patience to cope with people you cannot usually abide. b. transitive. With infinitive. Occasionally also with that-clause. ΚΠ a1400 in Anglia (1904) 27 302 (MED) To serue to þat same frer, þe pope mot abyde. 1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia sig. Siii^v I..was not sure whether he coulde abide that any thing shoulde be said. 1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. i. f. 36 Who can abyde to say, that then the Sonn entred into the bosome of the Father. a1591 H. Smith Serm. (1593) 97 Nature cannot abide that any place should be empty. 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 311 A Horsse cannot abide to looke vpon a Camell. 1619 M. Drayton Barons Warres ii. ii, in Poems (rev. ed.) 16 Could not abide to heare the name of Peace. 1642 T. Fuller Holy State v. viii. 389 Painted faces cannot abide to come nigh the fire. 1701 C. Trotter Love at Loss iii. 27 I can't abide to see People when they are at quiet and in good Humour, quarrelling with one another. 1773 O. Goldsmith She stoops to Conquer i. 4 I can't abide to disappoint myself. 1840 T. P. Thompson Exercises (1842) V. 323 One or two lords cannot abide to see a Pasha set up his back against his ‘legitimate master.’ 1855 Tait's Edinb. Mag. June 335/1 Lord Lovaine cannot abide that the common soldier should ‘come between the wind and his nobility.’ 1878 C. Reade Well-born Workman v. i. 73 I can't abide to see a young lady abused as you are. 1911 F. H. Burnett Secret Garden iv. 31 I can't abide to see good victuals go to waste. 1969 B. Evslin Adventures Ulysses 123 He cannot abide that goddesses should mate with mortal men. 1991 Conjunctions 17 189 He came back to life with some obscene beast called his memory vomiting what it could not abide to contain. IV. To pay for. 17. transitive. To pay for, atone for, suffer for. Cf. abye v., abite v. Also intransitive in early use. Now rare (archaic in later use). [Apparently arising as a result of formal and semantic association with abye v.; compare e.g. to aby a deed ‘to pay for a deed’ with to abide the consequences of a deed . The converse is apparently shown by abye v. 5.] ΘΚΠ society > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > reform, amendment, or correction > atonement > atone for [verb (transitive)] beetc897 i-bye10.. abyelOE answer?a1300 buya1300 amendc1300 mendc1330 forbuy1340 redressa1387 answera1400 byea1400 filla1400 peasea1400 ransoma1400 to pay for——c1400 recompense?a1439 abidea1450 satisfyc1460 redeema1464 repaira1513 syth1513 reconcile1535 acquit1567 dispense1590 assoil1596 propitiate1610 expiatea1626 atone1661 retrievea1679 a1450 (a1400) Athelston (1951) l. 281 (MED) Hast þou broke my comaundement, Abyyd ful dere þou schalle. a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) iii. ii. 115 If it be found so, some will deere abide it. View more context for this quotation 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 88 How dearly I abide that boast so vaine. View more context for this quotation 1721 E. Young Revenge iii. i. 32 O sacred Faith! How dearly I abide thy Violation! 1795 R. Southey Joan of Arc vii. 345 Destined to abide That rashness dearly. 1835 Stanly I. ii. 25 You shall dearly abide your squeamishness! 1868 E. Atherstone Fall of Nineveh (ed. 2) II. xxiii. 206 By heaven, and earth, and hell, Dearly shall he abide his insolence! 1911 A. S. Way tr. Lay Nibelung Men 90 The deed shalt thou dearly abide! This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.c1330v.OE
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† abiden.

abidev.