lobbyn.

Brit.

/ˈlɒbi/, U.S.

/ˈlɑbi/

Etymology: < medieval Latin lobium or lobia: see lodge n.From quot. 1563 at sense 1 it would appear that the word came into English as a monastic term; hence there is no improbability in supposing the medieval Latin word to be the immediate source.

†1. ? A covered walk, cloister (in a monastery).

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > monastic property (general) > monastery or convent > parts of monastery > [noun] > cloister

cloisterc1400

closec1449

lobby1563

society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > path or place for walking > [noun] > ambulatory > portico or arcade > in a monastery, church, or college

cloisterc1400

lobby1563

1563 T. Becon Reliques of Rome (rev. ed.) f. 53 Our Recluses neuer come out of their lobbeis, sincke or swimme the people.

a. A passage or corridor connected with one or more apartments in a building, or attached to a large hall, theatre, or the like; often used as a waiting-place or ante-room.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > passage or corridor > [noun]

alley1363

tresance1428

passagea1525

gallery1541

trance1545

through-passage1575

lobby1596

passageway?1606

conduit1624

gangway1702

vista1708

glidec1710

aisle1734

gallery1756

corridor1814

traverse1822

heck1825

rotunda1847

scutchell1847

zaguan1851

aisleway1868

pend1893

dogtrot1901

fairway1903

dog run1904

dog walk1938

walkout1947

coulisse1949

1596 M. Drayton Mortimeriados sig. R 1^v Thus in the Lobby whilst they sporting weare: Assayld on sudaine by this hellish trayne.

1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet ii. ii. 163 Sometimes he walkes foure houres together Heere in the Lobby .

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) iv. i. 62 How in our voyding Lobby hast thou stood, And duly wayted for my comming forth?

a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) i. i. 81 All those which were his Fellowes but of late,..Follow his strides, his Lobbies fill with tendance.

1616 B. Jonson Epicœne iv. v, in Wks. I. 576 Doe you obserue this gallerie? or rather lobby, indeed?

1673 J. Dryden Marriage a-la-Mode iii. i. 35 I have such a tender for the Court, that I love it ev'n from the Drawing-room to the Lobby.

1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture I. 79/2 All..shou'd be so joined together by the Roof and by Lobbies, that the Servants..may not be called as it were out of another House.

1740 S. Richardson Pamela I. xxvii. 91 I went into the Lobby leading to the great Hall, and dropt into the first Chair.

1806 J. Beresford Miseries Human Life I. v. 94 Fretting and freezing in the outer lobbies, and at the street-doors of the theatre.

1842 C. Dickens Amer. Notes II. vii. 210 The box lobby of a theatre.

1853 Ld. Tennyson Walking to Mail (rev. ed.) in Poems (ed. 8) 226 A jolly ghost, that shook The curtains, whined in lobbies, tapt at doors.

1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola III. x. 90 Passing through a small lobby, they came to another open door.

1882 M. E. Braddon Mt. Royal III. i. 18 Christabel ran down to the lobby that opened into the stable yard.

b. Nautical. (See quots.)

ΚΠ

1815 W. Burney Falconer's New Universal Dict. Marine (rev. ed.) Lobby, in a ship, is a small apartment adjoining the fore part of the bread-room, and appropriated to the use of the surgeon.

1850 J. Greenwood Sailor's Sea-bk. 130 Lobby. A name sometimes given to an apartment close or next before the great cabin bulk-head.

c. Agriculture. A small enclosure for cattle adjoining the farm-yard.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping of cattle > [noun] > enclosing cattle > enclosure for cattle

rack-yard1765

lobby1778

wro1808

rodeo1811

lair1865

lairage1883

ox yard1885

cow-barton1888

cattle-camp1900

boosey close1922

1778 W. Marshall Minutes Agric. Digest 21 (note) Farmery. The Slip or Lobby is entered from the Common.

1819 A. Rees Cycl. XXI. (at cited word)

d. A watchman's ‘box’ in a factory.

ΚΠ

1902 Daily Chron. 19 June 10/3 [A witness, watchman at Messrs. Doulton's, said:] He then sat in his ‘lobby’, seventy yards from the gate, till four.

3. spec.

a. In the House of Commons, and other houses of legislature, a large entrance-hall or apartment open to the public, and chiefly serving for interviews between members and persons not belonging to the House; also (more fully division lobby), one of the two corridors to which members retire to vote when the House divides.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > [noun] > place of meeting > parts of

bar1583

lobby1640

gallery1753

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > English or British parliament > [noun] > place of > parts of

floor1774

gangway1818

lobby1845

back bench1874

front bench1891

1640 in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll.: Third Pt. (1692) I. 1 The outward Room of the Commons House, called the Lobby,..where the Cryer of the Chancery first made Proclamation in the King's name.

1648 C. Walker Relations & Observ. ii. 40 Refusing to let some Members passe out of the House, or come forth into the Lobby.

1648 Mercurius Pragmaticus No. 39. sig. Eee2^v Col. Pride..caused them [sc. Members] to retreat into the Lobby, where they use to drink Ale and Tobacco.

1695 Duke of Buckingham Speech House Peers 18 Apr. Wks. (1723) II. 123 I think the first time I propos'd it was here in the bishops lobby.

1773 Ann. Reg. 1772 196/1 While I waited in the lobby during the debate.

1798 I. Allen Nat. & Polit. Hist. Vermont 207 Colonel Allen went into the lobby, and began to write a memorial to the Legislature of New Hampshire.

1845 B. Disraeli Sybil II. iv. iii. 166 The mysteries of the Lobby are only for the initiated. Three quarters of an hour after the division was called, the result was known to the exoteric world.

1865 Parl. Deb. 3rd Ser. 178 164 If the hon. Member..should divide the House I shall go into the same lobby with him.

1887 Spectator 6 Aug. 1046/1 Considerations which chiefly determine the lobby into which Members of Parliament go.

b. collective. Those who frequent the lobbies of the House or who vote in a particular lobby; U.S. the persons who frequent the lobby of the house of legislature for the purpose of influencing its members in their official action; the body of lobbyists.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > request > one who requests > [noun] > one who canvasses or lobbies > group

lobby1808

third house1849

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > procedure of parliament or national assembly > [noun] > attempting to influence parliament or assembly > one who > collectively

lobby1808

third house1849

1808 Deb. Congr. U.S. 2 Feb. (1852) II. 1536 If we move to Philadelphia we shall have a commanding lobby.

1859 J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms (ed. 2) Lobby, the persons who frequent the lobby of a house of legislature.

1884 Cent. Mag. Mar. 655/1 The lobby and corruption are legitimate subjects for satire.

1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. I. App. 555 ‘The Lobby’ is the name given in America to persons, not being members of a legislature, who undertake to influence its members, and thereby to secure the passing of bills.

1892 Pall Mall Gaz. 25 Mar. 2/3 The friends of the eight hours movement have great reason to be satisfied not only with the number but the quality of their lobby.

c. In extended use: a sectional interest (see interest n. 4), a business, cause, or principle supported by a group of people; the group of persons supporting such an interest.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > support or encouragement > [noun] > supporter or encourager > section of society

public1823

lobby1952

1952 Economist 26 July 254/2 American..interests have maintained their effective lobby against the project [sc. the St. Lawrence Seaway].

1954 Economist 7 Aug. 425/1 M. Mendès-France..has to face powerful colonial lobbies in parliament.

1958 Listener 21 Aug. 273/1 The United States Government, sensitive to the Jewish lobby..backed the Jews.

1959 Listener 4 June 968/2 They even tackled the vested privileges and subsidies of the powerful alcohol lobby.

1971 Daily Tel. 9 Mar. 10/6 The anti~pollution lobby might claim that a spot of exaggeration is justified in such a cause.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

lobby correspondent n.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > journalism > journalist > [noun] > political journalist

scribe1766

publicist1833

lobby correspondent1886

1886 Pall Mall Gaz. 11 Oct. 8/2 When Mr. L. was lobby correspondent he was invariably entrusted with the publication of any items of information which Mr. Chamberlain wished to be made known.

lobby door n.

ΚΠ

1769 Ann. Reg. 1768 151/2 The lobby door of the King's bench prison.

lobby fire n.

ΚΠ

1799 E. Dubois Piece Family Biogr. III. 73 Chatting in high glee with one of the Cyprian corps before the lobby fire.

lobby-lounger n.

ΚΠ

1803 Sporting Mag. 21 145 The fashionable accoutrements of a Lobby-Lounger.

1807 tr. C. A. G. Goede Stranger in Eng. II. 205 Lobby~loungers [at a theatre] make their appearance at 8, 9, and even 10 o'clock.

lobby-lounging n.

ΚΠ

1894 Westm. Gaz. 9 May 1/2 Lobby-lounging is substituted for fighting in the House.

lobby room n.

ΚΠ

1651 W. Sanderson Aulicus Coquinariæ 10 [He] put the King in a Lobby Room, next the Chamber.

lobby stove n.

ΚΠ

1842 J. Aiton Domest. Econ. (1857) 76 Every manse should be kept dry and warm by the help of a lobby stove.

lobby-table n.

ΚΠ

1843 J. W. Carlyle Lett. I. 190 She clanked it on the lobby-table.

lobby-wicket n.

ΚΠ

1876 T. Hardy Hand of Ethelberta II. xli. 170 Her sister Picotee, who came in at the north door, closed the lobby-wicket softly, and went lightly forward to the choir.

lobby window n.

ΚΠ

1854 Directory Bath, Wells, etc. p. ix When the Letter-box is closed for the despatch of any Mail,..an extra box is opened in the Lobby Window.

C2.

lobby chest n. (see quot. 1803).

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > chest of drawers > [noun] > other types of

foot-gang1530

lobby chest1803

wagon box1810

wagon chest1827

bahut1840

Wellington chest1880

tansu1885

mule chest1911

Wellington1936

1803 T. Sheraton Cabinet Dict. 261 Lobby chest, is a kind of half chest of drawers, adapted for the use of a small study, lobby, or small lodging room.

1970 Canad. Antiques Collector Nov. 15/2 All sorts of compact, changeling furniture..lobby chests and Rudd's tables, [etc.].

lobby man n. (a) U.S. (see quot. 1934); (b) a lobbyist.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > request > one who requests > [noun] > one who canvasses or lobbies

ambient1651

runner1824

lobbyer1862

lobbyist1863

lobby man1934

doorstepper1976

undertakera1652

lobby-member1819

lobbyer1862

lobbyist1863

lobby man1934

1934 Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Lobbyman, one who works as attendant or porter, or does chores, in a lobby.

1958 Times Lit. Suppl. 21 Feb. 93/4 The high-pressure methods of the United States lobby-men, whose contacts and antecedents are open to inspection.

lobby-member n. a lobbyist.

ΘΚΠ

undertakera1652

lobby-member1819

lobbyer1862

lobbyist1863

lobby man1934

1819 G. C. Verplanch State Triumvirate 67 There is a class of men..generally known by the name of Lobby members.

1828 J. K. Paulding New Mirror Travellers 174 They [sc. the legislature] are called by way of honorable distinction Lobby-Members, because they form a sort of third estate, or legislature chamber in the lobby.

1848 J. Craig New Universal Dict. Lobby Member.

1860 J. E. Worcester Dict. Eng. Lang. (citing Greeley) Lobby-member, one who frequents the lobbies of a house of legislation in order to influence the action of the members.

Draft additions 1997

[Probably < lobby v.] An organized event at which people go to a house of legislature to lobby its members.

ΘΚΠ

lobby1939

1939 W. I. Jennings Parliament vii. 228 As part of its agitation against the Incitement to Disaffection Bill, 1934, members of the National Council for Civil Liberties ‘called out’ their representatives by means of a ‘mass lobby’.

1969 Oz Apr. 25/1 There will be a lobby of Parliament which far from pleading with MPs will probably take Whitehall apart.

1987 NATFHE Jrnl. Mar. 4/3 NATFHE representatives supported the Parliamentary lobby organised by the National Union of Students on 4 March.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

lobbyv.

Brit.

/ˈlɒbi/, U.S.

/ˈlɑbi/

Etymology: < lobby n.

Originally U.S.

1. transitive. To influence (members of a house of legislature) in the exercise of their legislative functions by frequenting the lobby. Also, to procure the passing of (a measure) through Congress by means of such influence. Also transferred.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > procedure of parliament or national assembly > [verb (transitive)] > attempt to influence (parliament)

depute1768

lobby1850

deputationize1888

deputation1891

log-rolla1896

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > procedure of parliament or national assembly > [verb (transitive)] > attempt to influence (parliament) > procure passage of bill by

log-roll1837

lobby1850

1850 C. Lyell 2nd Visit U.S. (ed. 2) II. 28 A disappointed place~hunter, who had been lobbying the Houses of Legislature in vain for the whole session.

1862 J. Spence Amer. 37 How is it to be expected that a needy and ambitious lawyer..having nothing but his three or four dollars a day..shall not be open to the influences of those who lobby him?

1864 G. A. Sala in Daily Tel. 29 Sept. The American Emigration Company was cleverly lobbied through Congress.

1868 Nat. Encycl. I. 619 To lobby through, is to get a bill adopted by such influence.

1887 Goldw. Smith in Contemp. Rev. July 11 The people, at all events, cannot be lobbied, wheedled, or bull-dozed.

1894 Yorks. Post 4 Apr. 5 To send delegates to London..to ‘lobby’ members for their respective constituencies with a view of obtaining the largest possible majority.

1955 Times 17 June 4/6 M.P.s were lobbied yesterday by delegates of the Uganda National Congress.

1971 P. Gresswell Environment 154 We can always lobby our councillors.

1974 Times 18 May 8 [Wilberforce] was lobbying heads of state.

2. intransitive. To frequent the lobby of a legislative assembly for the purpose of influencing members' votes; to solicit the votes of members.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > procedure of parliament or national assembly > [verb (intransitive)] > attempt to influence parliament

lobby1837

1837 Cleveland (Ohio) Herald (Weekly ed.) 6 Oct. 2/6 Gen. Bronson..spent a considerable portion of the last winter in Columbus, lobbying to procure the establishment of a Bank at Ohio City.

1855 in J. Ogilvie Imperial Dict. Suppl.

a1859 N.Y. Tribune There is a quarrel in Philadelphia about Mr. W—'s appointments. Some of the Loco-focos have come out to lobby against him.

1864 E. Sargent Peculiar III. 32 You were biased by the semi-loyal men who were lobbying for slavery.

1879 A. C. Tait Catharine & Craufurd Tait 570 Bishop Williams of Connecticut, whose handsome figure may be seen at most times in the smoking-room, either lobbying or telling good stories.

1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. II. lxxv. 619 Manufacturers who have had to lobby in connection with the tariff.

1898 Westm. Gaz. 27 Apr. 2/1 The large majority against this Westminster Bill was in part a protest against the way in which its promoters had lobbied in its interests.

1916 J. Galsworthy Sheaf iii. 55 Animals..cannot lobby in the House of Commons, withdraw votes or commit outrages.

1962 Listener 20 Dec. 1041/1 In France the planners, being part of the civil service machine, have always been able to lobby from inside.

figurative.1876 J. R. Lowell Among my Bks. 2nd Ser. 98 In the Greek epic, the gods are partisans,..they lobby and log-roll for their candidates.

Derivatives

ˈlobbying n. and adj.

ΘΚΠ

log-rolling1823

lobbying1832

lobbyism1883

lobbying1832

1832 in W. L. Mackenzie Life & Times of Martin Van Buren 237 Perhaps I shall have a case of congressional lobbying, by which I can make it a jaunt of pleasure and profit.

1855 in J. Ogilvie Imperial Dict. Suppl. at Lobby v.

1862 Times 6 Jan. ‘Lobbying’ as it is termed, is a well known institution at Washington.

1864 Reader No. 88. 297/1 Lobbying—this is,..buying votes with money in the lobbies of the Hall of Congress.

1873 Spectator 22 Feb. 237/1 They will not knowingly choose the agents of the ‘lobbying’ Rings.

1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. I. App. 556 What is known as lobbying by no means implies in all cases the use of money to affect legislation.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	lobby
释义	lobbyn. Brit. /ˈlɒbi/, U.S. /ˈlɑbi/ Etymology: < medieval Latin lobium or lobia: see lodge n.From quot. 1563 at sense 1 it would appear that the word came into English as a monastic term; hence there is no improbability in supposing the medieval Latin word to be the immediate source. †1. ? A covered walk, cloister (in a monastery). ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > monastic property (general) > monastery or convent > parts of monastery > [noun] > cloister cloisterc1400 closec1449 lobby1563 society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > path or place for walking > [noun] > ambulatory > portico or arcade > in a monastery, church, or college cloisterc1400 lobby1563 1563 T. Becon Reliques of Rome (rev. ed.) f. 53 Our Recluses neuer come out of their lobbeis, sincke or swimme the people. 2. a. A passage or corridor connected with one or more apartments in a building, or attached to a large hall, theatre, or the like; often used as a waiting-place or ante-room. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > passage or corridor > [noun] alley1363 tresance1428 passagea1525 gallery1541 trance1545 through-passage1575 lobby1596 passageway?1606 conduit1624 gangway1702 vista1708 glidec1710 aisle1734 gallery1756 corridor1814 traverse1822 heck1825 rotunda1847 scutchell1847 zaguan1851 aisleway1868 pend1893 dogtrot1901 fairway1903 dog run1904 dog walk1938 walkout1947 coulisse1949 1596 M. Drayton Mortimeriados sig. R 1^v Thus in the Lobby whilst they sporting weare: Assayld on sudaine by this hellish trayne. 1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet ii. ii. 163 Sometimes he walkes foure houres together Heere in the Lobby . View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) iv. i. 62 How in our voyding Lobby hast thou stood, And duly wayted for my comming forth? View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) i. i. 81 All those which were his Fellowes but of late,..Follow his strides, his Lobbies fill with tendance. View more context for this quotation 1616 B. Jonson Epicœne iv. v, in Wks. I. 576 Doe you obserue this gallerie? or rather lobby, indeed? View more context for this quotation 1673 J. Dryden Marriage a-la-Mode iii. i. 35 I have such a tender for the Court, that I love it ev'n from the Drawing-room to the Lobby. 1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture I. 79/2 All..shou'd be so joined together by the Roof and by Lobbies, that the Servants..may not be called as it were out of another House. 1740 S. Richardson Pamela I. xxvii. 91 I went into the Lobby leading to the great Hall, and dropt into the first Chair. 1806 J. Beresford Miseries Human Life I. v. 94 Fretting and freezing in the outer lobbies, and at the street-doors of the theatre. 1842 C. Dickens Amer. Notes II. vii. 210 The box lobby of a theatre. 1853 Ld. Tennyson Walking to Mail (rev. ed.) in Poems (ed. 8) 226 A jolly ghost, that shook The curtains, whined in lobbies, tapt at doors. 1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola III. x. 90 Passing through a small lobby, they came to another open door. 1882 M. E. Braddon Mt. Royal III. i. 18 Christabel ran down to the lobby that opened into the stable yard. b. Nautical. (See quots.) ΚΠ 1815 W. Burney Falconer's New Universal Dict. Marine (rev. ed.) Lobby, in a ship, is a small apartment adjoining the fore part of the bread-room, and appropriated to the use of the surgeon. 1850 J. Greenwood Sailor's Sea-bk. 130 Lobby. A name sometimes given to an apartment close or next before the great cabin bulk-head. c. Agriculture. A small enclosure for cattle adjoining the farm-yard. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping of cattle > [noun] > enclosing cattle > enclosure for cattle rack-yard1765 lobby1778 wro1808 rodeo1811 lair1865 lairage1883 ox yard1885 cow-barton1888 cattle-camp1900 boosey close1922 1778 W. Marshall Minutes Agric. Digest 21 (note) Farmery. The Slip or Lobby is entered from the Common. 1819 A. Rees Cycl. XXI. (at cited word) d. A watchman's ‘box’ in a factory. ΚΠ 1902 Daily Chron. 19 June 10/3 [A witness, watchman at Messrs. Doulton's, said:] He then sat in his ‘lobby’, seventy yards from the gate, till four. 3. spec. a. In the House of Commons, and other houses of legislature, a large entrance-hall or apartment open to the public, and chiefly serving for interviews between members and persons not belonging to the House; also (more fully division lobby), one of the two corridors to which members retire to vote when the House divides. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > [noun] > place of meeting > parts of bar1583 lobby1640 gallery1753 society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > English or British parliament > [noun] > place of > parts of floor1774 gangway1818 lobby1845 back bench1874 front bench1891 1640 in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll.: Third Pt. (1692) I. 1 The outward Room of the Commons House, called the Lobby,..where the Cryer of the Chancery first made Proclamation in the King's name. 1648 C. Walker Relations & Observ. ii. 40 Refusing to let some Members passe out of the House, or come forth into the Lobby. 1648 Mercurius Pragmaticus No. 39. sig. Eee2^v Col. Pride..caused them [sc. Members] to retreat into the Lobby, where they use to drink Ale and Tobacco. 1695 Duke of Buckingham Speech House Peers 18 Apr. Wks. (1723) II. 123 I think the first time I propos'd it was here in the bishops lobby. 1773 Ann. Reg. 1772 196/1 While I waited in the lobby during the debate. 1798 I. Allen Nat. & Polit. Hist. Vermont 207 Colonel Allen went into the lobby, and began to write a memorial to the Legislature of New Hampshire. 1845 B. Disraeli Sybil II. iv. iii. 166 The mysteries of the Lobby are only for the initiated. Three quarters of an hour after the division was called, the result was known to the exoteric world. 1865 Parl. Deb. 3rd Ser. 178 164 If the hon. Member..should divide the House I shall go into the same lobby with him. 1887 Spectator 6 Aug. 1046/1 Considerations which chiefly determine the lobby into which Members of Parliament go. b. collective. Those who frequent the lobbies of the House or who vote in a particular lobby; U.S. the persons who frequent the lobby of the house of legislature for the purpose of influencing its members in their official action; the body of lobbyists. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > request > one who requests > [noun] > one who canvasses or lobbies > group lobby1808 third house1849 society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > procedure of parliament or national assembly > [noun] > attempting to influence parliament or assembly > one who > collectively lobby1808 third house1849 1808 Deb. Congr. U.S. 2 Feb. (1852) II. 1536 If we move to Philadelphia we shall have a commanding lobby. 1859 J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms (ed. 2) Lobby, the persons who frequent the lobby of a house of legislature. 1884 Cent. Mag. Mar. 655/1 The lobby and corruption are legitimate subjects for satire. 1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. I. App. 555 ‘The Lobby’ is the name given in America to persons, not being members of a legislature, who undertake to influence its members, and thereby to secure the passing of bills. 1892 Pall Mall Gaz. 25 Mar. 2/3 The friends of the eight hours movement have great reason to be satisfied not only with the number but the quality of their lobby. c. In extended use: a sectional interest (see interest n. 4), a business, cause, or principle supported by a group of people; the group of persons supporting such an interest. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > easiness > aid, help, or assistance > support > support or encouragement > [noun] > supporter or encourager > section of society public1823 lobby1952 1952 Economist 26 July 254/2 American..interests have maintained their effective lobby against the project [sc. the St. Lawrence Seaway]. 1954 Economist 7 Aug. 425/1 M. Mendès-France..has to face powerful colonial lobbies in parliament. 1958 Listener 21 Aug. 273/1 The United States Government, sensitive to the Jewish lobby..backed the Jews. 1959 Listener 4 June 968/2 They even tackled the vested privileges and subsidies of the powerful alcohol lobby. 1971 Daily Tel. 9 Mar. 10/6 The anti~pollution lobby might claim that a spot of exaggeration is justified in such a cause. Compounds C1. General attributive. lobby correspondent n. ΘΚΠ society > communication > journalism > journalist > [noun] > political journalist scribe1766 publicist1833 lobby correspondent1886 1886 Pall Mall Gaz. 11 Oct. 8/2 When Mr. L. was lobby correspondent he was invariably entrusted with the publication of any items of information which Mr. Chamberlain wished to be made known. lobby door n. ΚΠ 1769 Ann. Reg. 1768 151/2 The lobby door of the King's bench prison. lobby fire n. ΚΠ 1799 E. Dubois Piece Family Biogr. III. 73 Chatting in high glee with one of the Cyprian corps before the lobby fire. lobby-lounger n. ΚΠ 1803 Sporting Mag. 21 145 The fashionable accoutrements of a Lobby-Lounger. 1807 tr. C. A. G. Goede Stranger in Eng. II. 205 Lobby~loungers [at a theatre] make their appearance at 8, 9, and even 10 o'clock. lobby-lounging n. ΚΠ 1894 Westm. Gaz. 9 May 1/2 Lobby-lounging is substituted for fighting in the House. lobby room n. ΚΠ 1651 W. Sanderson Aulicus Coquinariæ 10 [He] put the King in a Lobby Room, next the Chamber. lobby stove n. ΚΠ 1842 J. Aiton Domest. Econ. (1857) 76 Every manse should be kept dry and warm by the help of a lobby stove. lobby-table n. ΚΠ 1843 J. W. Carlyle Lett. I. 190 She clanked it on the lobby-table. lobby-wicket n. ΚΠ 1876 T. Hardy Hand of Ethelberta II. xli. 170 Her sister Picotee, who came in at the north door, closed the lobby-wicket softly, and went lightly forward to the choir. lobby window n. ΚΠ 1854 Directory Bath, Wells, etc. p. ix When the Letter-box is closed for the despatch of any Mail,..an extra box is opened in the Lobby Window. C2. lobby chest n. (see quot. 1803). ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > chest of drawers > [noun] > other types of foot-gang1530 lobby chest1803 wagon box1810 wagon chest1827 bahut1840 Wellington chest1880 tansu1885 mule chest1911 Wellington1936 1803 T. Sheraton Cabinet Dict. 261 Lobby chest, is a kind of half chest of drawers, adapted for the use of a small study, lobby, or small lodging room. 1970 Canad. Antiques Collector Nov. 15/2 All sorts of compact, changeling furniture..lobby chests and Rudd's tables, [etc.]. lobby man n. (a) U.S. (see quot. 1934); (b) a lobbyist. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > request > one who requests > [noun] > one who canvasses or lobbies ambient1651 runner1824 lobbyer1862 lobbyist1863 lobby man1934 doorstepper1976 society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > procedure of parliament or national assembly > [noun] > attempting to influence parliament or assembly > one who undertakera1652 lobby-member1819 lobbyer1862 lobbyist1863 lobby man1934 1934 Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Lobbyman, one who works as attendant or porter, or does chores, in a lobby. 1958 Times Lit. Suppl. 21 Feb. 93/4 The high-pressure methods of the United States lobby-men, whose contacts and antecedents are open to inspection. lobby-member n. a lobbyist. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > procedure of parliament or national assembly > [noun] > attempting to influence parliament or assembly > one who undertakera1652 lobby-member1819 lobbyer1862 lobbyist1863 lobby man1934 1819 G. C. Verplanch State Triumvirate 67 There is a class of men..generally known by the name of Lobby members. 1828 J. K. Paulding New Mirror Travellers 174 They [sc. the legislature] are called by way of honorable distinction Lobby-Members, because they form a sort of third estate, or legislature chamber in the lobby. 1848 J. Craig New Universal Dict. Lobby Member. 1860 J. E. Worcester Dict. Eng. Lang. (citing Greeley) Lobby-member, one who frequents the lobbies of a house of legislation in order to influence the action of the members. Draft additions 1997 [Probably < lobby v.] An organized event at which people go to a house of legislature to lobby its members. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > procedure of parliament or national assembly > [noun] > attempting to influence parliament or assembly > event for lobby1939 1939 W. I. Jennings Parliament vii. 228 As part of its agitation against the Incitement to Disaffection Bill, 1934, members of the National Council for Civil Liberties ‘called out’ their representatives by means of a ‘mass lobby’. 1969 Oz Apr. 25/1 There will be a lobby of Parliament which far from pleading with MPs will probably take Whitehall apart. 1987 NATFHE Jrnl. Mar. 4/3 NATFHE representatives supported the Parliamentary lobby organised by the National Union of Students on 4 March. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online March 2022). lobbyv. Brit. /ˈlɒbi/, U.S. /ˈlɑbi/ Etymology: < lobby n. Originally U.S. 1. transitive. To influence (members of a house of legislature) in the exercise of their legislative functions by frequenting the lobby. Also, to procure the passing of (a measure) through Congress by means of such influence. Also transferred. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > procedure of parliament or national assembly > [verb (transitive)] > attempt to influence (parliament) depute1768 lobby1850 deputationize1888 deputation1891 log-rolla1896 society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > procedure of parliament or national assembly > [verb (transitive)] > attempt to influence (parliament) > procure passage of bill by log-roll1837 lobby1850 1850 C. Lyell 2nd Visit U.S. (ed. 2) II. 28 A disappointed place~hunter, who had been lobbying the Houses of Legislature in vain for the whole session. 1862 J. Spence Amer. 37 How is it to be expected that a needy and ambitious lawyer..having nothing but his three or four dollars a day..shall not be open to the influences of those who lobby him? 1864 G. A. Sala in Daily Tel. 29 Sept. The American Emigration Company was cleverly lobbied through Congress. 1868 Nat. Encycl. I. 619 To lobby through, is to get a bill adopted by such influence. 1887 Goldw. Smith in Contemp. Rev. July 11 The people, at all events, cannot be lobbied, wheedled, or bull-dozed. 1894 Yorks. Post 4 Apr. 5 To send delegates to London..to ‘lobby’ members for their respective constituencies with a view of obtaining the largest possible majority. 1955 Times 17 June 4/6 M.P.s were lobbied yesterday by delegates of the Uganda National Congress. 1971 P. Gresswell Environment 154 We can always lobby our councillors. 1974 Times 18 May 8 [Wilberforce] was lobbying heads of state. 2. intransitive. To frequent the lobby of a legislative assembly for the purpose of influencing members' votes; to solicit the votes of members. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > procedure of parliament or national assembly > [verb (intransitive)] > attempt to influence parliament lobby1837 1837 Cleveland (Ohio) Herald (Weekly ed.) 6 Oct. 2/6 Gen. Bronson..spent a considerable portion of the last winter in Columbus, lobbying to procure the establishment of a Bank at Ohio City. 1855 in J. Ogilvie Imperial Dict. Suppl. a1859 N.Y. Tribune There is a quarrel in Philadelphia about Mr. W—'s appointments. Some of the Loco-focos have come out to lobby against him. 1864 E. Sargent Peculiar III. 32 You were biased by the semi-loyal men who were lobbying for slavery. 1879 A. C. Tait Catharine & Craufurd Tait 570 Bishop Williams of Connecticut, whose handsome figure may be seen at most times in the smoking-room, either lobbying or telling good stories. 1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. II. lxxv. 619 Manufacturers who have had to lobby in connection with the tariff. 1898 Westm. Gaz. 27 Apr. 2/1 The large majority against this Westminster Bill was in part a protest against the way in which its promoters had lobbied in its interests. 1916 J. Galsworthy Sheaf iii. 55 Animals..cannot lobby in the House of Commons, withdraw votes or commit outrages. 1962 Listener 20 Dec. 1041/1 In France the planners, being part of the civil service machine, have always been able to lobby from inside. figurative.1876 J. R. Lowell Among my Bks. 2nd Ser. 98 In the Greek epic, the gods are partisans,..they lobby and log-roll for their candidates. Derivatives ˈlobbying n. and adj. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > procedure of parliament or national assembly > [noun] > attempting to influence parliament or assembly log-rolling1823 lobbying1832 lobbyism1883 society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > procedure of parliament or national assembly > [adjective] > attempting to influence parliament lobbying1832 1832 in W. L. Mackenzie Life & Times of Martin Van Buren 237 Perhaps I shall have a case of congressional lobbying, by which I can make it a jaunt of pleasure and profit. 1855 in J. Ogilvie Imperial Dict. Suppl. at Lobby v. 1862 Times 6 Jan. ‘Lobbying’ as it is termed, is a well known institution at Washington. 1864 Reader No. 88. 297/1 Lobbying—this is,..buying votes with money in the lobbies of the Hall of Congress. 1873 Spectator 22 Feb. 237/1 They will not knowingly choose the agents of the ‘lobbying’ Rings. 1888 J. Bryce Amer. Commonw. I. App. 556 What is known as lobbying by no means implies in all cases the use of money to affect legislation. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1563v.1832
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