lithyadj.

/ˈlɪði/

Forms: Old English liðig, Middle English leoþi, Middle English leþi, Middle English–1500s lethy, lethie, Middle English–1500s lithie, lithye, 1500s lythey, 1500s–1600s lythy, lythie, 1600s– lithy.

Etymology: Old English liðig = Old Norse liðug-r yielding, nimble, free, unimpeded, Middle Dutch ledech unimpeded, unoccupied (Dutch ledig, leeg empty, vacant, unoccupied), Middle High German ledic free, unimpeded (modern German ledig unoccupied, vacant). The ulterior etymology is obscure; see Kluge s.v. ledig.

dialect.

a. Pliable, flexible, supple; soft, unresisting.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > constitution of matter > softness > pliableness > [adjective]

tougha700

lithyc1000

softc1330

weak?a1366

plianta1382

persha1398

plyinga1398

lithec1400

supplec1400

plicable?a1425

curvable?1440

lethec1440

scretec1440

pliablec1475

bowable1483

bowing1483

waldinc1485

supple1513

flexible1548

limber1565

lither1565

bending1567

osier1577

wiry1588

buxom1590

withy1598

suppliable1599

renderingc1600

fluxible1607

winding1609

bendable1611

flippant1622

flexive1629

flexile1633

maniable1633

compliant1667

flectible1705

limp1706

yieldy1757

complying1774

limberly1782

willowy1791

switchy1810

wandy1825

twistable1853

bendsome1861

whippy1867

swack1868

bendy1873

c1000 Ælfric Lives Saints (1885) I. 224 Þa gelæhte petrus hire liþian hand.

a1023 Wulfstan Homilies xlvi. 234/22 Heo [sc. a man's heart] biþ liðig swa clað..ongean deofles lare.

c1315 Shoreham (E.E.T.S.) vii. 590 Ȝef eny loȝ þer leþi were.

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. ii. 903 Þat stalk is ferst feble and leþy, and þat for defaute of hard humour.

1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (Tollem. MS.) (1495) vi. vi Suche children ben nesche of flesche, leþi [1535 lethye, 1582 lythie] and pliant of body.

a1400 Disp. Mary & Cross 483 in Leg. Rood (1871) 147 I bar þi fruit leoþi and lene.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 9779 Þenne were he leþyere [Vesp., Gött. wayker; c1460 Laud lethier] þen he was ere.

14.. Sir Beues (MS. M.) 647 All to leþy the spere was wrought.

1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in Wks. G. Chaucer iii. f. cccliiii So ofte falleth the lethy water on the harde rocke, tyl it haue thorowe persed it.

1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes 121 (margin) Y^t thei might haue their ioynctes nymble & lithye.

1573 T. Twyne tr. Virgil in T. Phaer & T. Twyne tr. Virgil Whole .xii. Bks. Æneidos xii. M m ij b And up shee leapes, and lithie raignes with hand she turneth round.

1598 R. Carew Herrings Tayle sig. B Their lithie bodies bound with limits of a shell.

a1618 J. Sylvester New-polished Spectacles in tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Diuine Weekes & Wks. (1621) 1184 The World's Weapons were but lythie Wax; And Vertue's Shield is of celestiall Fier.

1640 J. Parkinson Theatrum Botanicum 227 It hath many small weake, but lithy and tough slender greene stalks.

1843 G. Borrow Bible in Spain I. x. 187 His limbs were now thoroughly lithy, and he brandished his fore legs in a manner perfectly wondrous.

1848 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 64 259 A man..in the full active use of his lithy form.

†b. figurative. Weak, feeble. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > unreliability > [adjective] > insecure, weak

lithy1377

brucklea1400

flickering1430

queasy1459

weaka1538

infirm1557

slender1562

crazed1600

unsinewed1604

ticklish1606

touchy1620

crazied1652

flicketing1674

shaky1841

shackling1846

wonky1919

the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > inconstancy > [adjective] > weak in character or will

nesheOE

feeblec1200

softc1275

weaka1425

infirm1526

lithya1533

unheaded1577

spiritless1595

pappy1597

irresolute1600

marrowless1607

seducible1613

wax-nosedc1615

unsinewy?1623

reedy1628

swayable1642

short-spirited1647

weak-headed1654

lath-backed1676

will-less?1680

tiffany-trader1702

weak-minded1716

lax1751

lax-fibred1762

nerveless1783

wishy-washy1801

marcid1822

molluscous1836

boneless1848

weedy1849

putty-headed1857

flabby1862

weak-kneed1863

fibreless1864

invertebrate1867

chinless1881

backboneless1882

featherweight1885

spineless1885

weak-willed1885

totter-kneed1887

akratic1896

effete1905

weakling1906

gutless1915

willowish1919

Milquetoast1932

nannified1960

ball-less1967

1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. x. 184 Ac theologie..A ful lethy þinge it were ȝif þat loue nere.

1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Rolls) VII. 157 My cause..may be made lethy [L. infirmari], and it may be reysed up.

a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1546) sig. Ll.iv Ye are..in aduersitie feeble and lethy.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

单词	lithy
释义	lithyadj. /ˈlɪði/ Forms: Old English liðig, Middle English leoþi, Middle English leþi, Middle English–1500s lethy, lethie, Middle English–1500s lithie, lithye, 1500s lythey, 1500s–1600s lythy, lythie, 1600s– lithy. Etymology: Old English liðig = Old Norse liðug-r yielding, nimble, free, unimpeded, Middle Dutch ledech unimpeded, unoccupied (Dutch ledig, leeg empty, vacant, unoccupied), Middle High German ledic free, unimpeded (modern German ledig unoccupied, vacant). The ulterior etymology is obscure; see Kluge s.v. ledig. dialect. a. Pliable, flexible, supple; soft, unresisting. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > softness > pliableness > [adjective] tougha700 lithyc1000 softc1330 weak?a1366 plianta1382 persha1398 plyinga1398 lithec1400 supplec1400 plicable?a1425 curvable?1440 lethec1440 scretec1440 pliablec1475 bowable1483 bowing1483 waldinc1485 supple1513 flexible1548 limber1565 lither1565 bending1567 osier1577 wiry1588 buxom1590 withy1598 suppliable1599 renderingc1600 fluxible1607 winding1609 bendable1611 flippant1622 flexive1629 flexile1633 maniable1633 compliant1667 flectible1705 limp1706 yieldy1757 complying1774 limberly1782 willowy1791 switchy1810 wandy1825 twistable1853 bendsome1861 whippy1867 swack1868 bendy1873 c1000 Ælfric Lives Saints (1885) I. 224 Þa gelæhte petrus hire liþian hand. a1023 Wulfstan Homilies xlvi. 234/22 Heo [sc. a man's heart] biþ liðig swa clað..ongean deofles lare. c1315 Shoreham (E.E.T.S.) vii. 590 Ȝef eny loȝ þer leþi were. a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. ii. 903 Þat stalk is ferst feble and leþy, and þat for defaute of hard humour. 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (Tollem. MS.) (1495) vi. vi Suche children ben nesche of flesche, leþi [1535 lethye, 1582 lythie] and pliant of body. a1400 Disp. Mary & Cross 483 in Leg. Rood (1871) 147 I bar þi fruit leoþi and lene. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 9779 Þenne were he leþyere [Vesp., Gött. wayker; c1460 Laud lethier] þen he was ere. 14.. Sir Beues (MS. M.) 647 All to leþy the spere was wrought. 1532 (c1385) Usk's Test. Loue in Wks. G. Chaucer iii. f. cccliiii So ofte falleth the lethy water on the harde rocke, tyl it haue thorowe persed it. 1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes 121 (margin) Y^t thei might haue their ioynctes nymble & lithye. 1573 T. Twyne tr. Virgil in T. Phaer & T. Twyne tr. Virgil Whole .xii. Bks. Æneidos xii. M m ij b And up shee leapes, and lithie raignes with hand she turneth round. 1598 R. Carew Herrings Tayle sig. B Their lithie bodies bound with limits of a shell. a1618 J. Sylvester New-polished Spectacles in tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Diuine Weekes & Wks. (1621) 1184 The World's Weapons were but lythie Wax; And Vertue's Shield is of celestiall Fier. 1640 J. Parkinson Theatrum Botanicum 227 It hath many small weake, but lithy and tough slender greene stalks. 1843 G. Borrow Bible in Spain I. x. 187 His limbs were now thoroughly lithy, and he brandished his fore legs in a manner perfectly wondrous. 1848 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 64 259 A man..in the full active use of his lithy form. †b. figurative. Weak, feeble. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > unreliability > [adjective] > insecure, weak lithy1377 brucklea1400 flickering1430 queasy1459 weaka1538 infirm1557 slender1562 crazed1600 unsinewed1604 ticklish1606 touchy1620 crazied1652 flicketing1674 shaky1841 shackling1846 wonky1919 the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > inconstancy > [adjective] > weak in character or will nesheOE feeblec1200 softc1275 weaka1425 infirm1526 lithya1533 unheaded1577 spiritless1595 pappy1597 irresolute1600 marrowless1607 seducible1613 wax-nosedc1615 unsinewy?1623 reedy1628 swayable1642 short-spirited1647 weak-headed1654 lath-backed1676 will-less?1680 tiffany-trader1702 weak-minded1716 lax1751 lax-fibred1762 nerveless1783 wishy-washy1801 marcid1822 molluscous1836 boneless1848 weedy1849 putty-headed1857 flabby1862 weak-kneed1863 fibreless1864 invertebrate1867 chinless1881 backboneless1882 featherweight1885 spineless1885 weak-willed1885 totter-kneed1887 akratic1896 effete1905 weakling1906 gutless1915 willowish1919 Milquetoast1932 nannified1960 ball-less1967 1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. x. 184 Ac theologie..A ful lethy þinge it were ȝif þat loue nere. 1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Rolls) VII. 157 My cause..may be made lethy [L. infirmari], and it may be reysed up. a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1546) sig. Ll.iv Ye are..in aduersitie feeble and lethy. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1903; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < adj.c1000
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