inoculationn.

Brit.

/ᵻˌnɒkjᵿˈleɪʃn/, U.S.

/ᵻˌnɑkjəˈleɪʃən/

Forms:

α. late Middle English enoculacioun, 1700s enockilation.

β. late Middle English inoculacion, late Middle English inoculacioun, 1500s– inoculation, 1600s inocculation, 1600s–1700s innoculation.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin inoculātiō.

Etymology: < classical Latin inoculātiōn-, inoculātiō engrafting, budding < inoculāt- , past participial stem of inoculāre inoculate v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. With the sense development compare inoculate v.Compare Middle French, French inoculation (1580 in sense 1, 1723 in sense 2). With the α. forms compare en- prefix¹.

a. Horticulture. The action or process of inserting a bud from one type of woody plant into the bark of another, as a means of propagation; = budding n.¹ 3. Also: an instance of this. Now historical and rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > management of plants > propagation of plants > [noun] > grafting > grafting by budding

inoculation?1440

inoculating1598

oculation1611

budding1719

shield-budding1842

tube-budding1842

tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) viii. l. 46 Now haue y maad inoculacioun Of pere and appultre.

1592 tr. F. Du Jon Apocalypsis Ep. sig. *iij Nature it selfe..hath taught the husbandmen that are skilfull in grafting, & inoculation [L. inoculandi], to fence the imps engrafted into the stock, with clay, straw, morter or lome mixt withe chaffe vntill the plant haue got a iust strength.

1658 Sir T. Browne Garden of Cyrus iv, in Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall 172 Nor could we ever make it [sc. mistletoe] grow where nature had not planted it; as we have in vain attempted by inocculation and incision, upon its native or forreign stock.

1709 J. Addison Tatler No. 146. ⁋7 Harsh Fruits..enriched by proper Grafts and Inoculations.

a1774 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued (1777) III. ii. 26 Gardeners by inoculation cause the trees to bear other than the natural fruits.

1891 L. H. Bailey Nursery-bk. v. 66 The kinds of grafting which have been employed under distinct names... Bud-grafting under the bark, or by inoculation.

1914 Western Teacher 22 346/1 The question would draw their attention to the various means of natural and artificial propagation—by layers,..by grafting, by inoculation or budding, etc.

1968 Gardeners Chron. 20 Dec. 23/1 The third method is inoculation, emplastration, or budding, which Columella remarks is a very difficult operation.

†b. Anatomy. A junction at which one blood vessel opens into and becomes continuous with another; the insertion of one blood vessel into another. Cf. slightly later inosculation n. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > fact or action of being connected or connecting > [noun] > uninterrupted connection of parts > connection with continuity of substance

incurse1578

inoculation1615

1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 187 Now betweene the hollow and the gate-veines wee know there is no communion vnlesse it bee the mingling of their mouths in the substance of the liuer; for some of the new writers haue obserued many such innoculations betwixt them in that place.

1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια iv. ii. 202 The innumerable branches of Veines and Arteries ioyned by Anastomosis or inoculation.

1649 J. G. tr. A. van den Spiegel Αγγειολογια i. ii. 9 in T. Johnson tr. A. Paré Wks. (new ed.) The other is called Thoracica inferior, the lower Chest-vein.., which..is distributed especially through the third broad Muscle.., scattering many little branches from itself, which afterwards are joyned by Anastomosis or inoculation [L. anastomosin], with the branches of the vein sine pari.

a. Medicine. Originally: the introduction of material taken from pocks of smallpox into the skin of a person susceptible to the disease, performed with the intention of inducing a mild, localized attack and preventing later severe disease; = variolation n. In later use also: a similar process using material from pocks of cowpox; = vaccination n. 1. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > immunoprophylaxis > [noun] > immunization > inoculation or vaccination > against smallpox

inoculation1714

engrafting1717

engraftment1724

variolation1799

vaccination1800

vaccinating1801

vacciolation1804

cow-poxingc1815

variolization1871

1714 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 29 72 (heading) An Account of the procuring of the Small Pox by Incision or Inoculation, as it has for some time been practised at Constantinople.

1722 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. Apr. (1966) II. 15 Accounts of the Growth and spreading of the Innoculation of the small pox, which is become allmost a General practise, attended with great success.

1773 O. Goldsmith She stoops to Conquer ii. 40 Since inoculation began, there is no such thing to be seen as a plain woman.

1798 E. Jenner Inq. Causes & Effects Variolæ Vaccinæ 32 I selected a healthy boy, about eight years old, for the purpose of inoculation for the Cow Pox.

1856 D. M. Mulock John Halifax II. x. 250 Though inoculation and vaccination had made it less fatal among the upper classes.

2016 P. L. Levin Remarkable Educ. John Quincy Adams i. 22 The family was recovering from inoculation against smallpox.

b. More generally: the administration, typically by injection, of infective material or (in later use) a modified preparation of an infective agent or toxin to a person or animal for protection against a disease; an instance of this. Cf. vaccination n. 2, immunization n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > immunoprophylaxis > [noun] > immunization > inoculation or vaccination

semination1747

inoculating1754

inoculation1759

vaccine inoculation1799

vaccinating1801

vaccination1868

1759 Philos. Trans. 1758 (Royal Soc.) 50 528 (heading) Inoculation succeeded so as to bring on the distemper in a regular and mild manner, as appears by the cows with calf not slipping their calves.

1843 Edinb. Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 54 473 Report of the results of inoculation in measles.

1866 J. Gamgee Cattle Plague 155 No disease admits of more certain prevention than this [sc. pleuro-pneumonia] by inoculation.

1882 London Med. Rec. 15 May 169/1 Probably no part of the transactions of the recent International Congress in London was of more general interest..than the address by M. Pasteur on inoculation in relation to chicken-cholera and splenic fever.

1909 Lancet 21 Aug. 528/2 The objection to the use of live cultures for inoculation is that they may give rise to serious symptoms and may possible transform the inoculated persons into typhoid carriers.

1999 Independent 21 Apr. ii. 3/1 The decision by the Government to launch a pilot scheme for ‘pet passports’, whereby chipped animals with inoculations become exempt from this country's onerous quarantine regulations.

2021 Times 10 Feb. 1 Inoculation could turn coronavirus into ‘the sniffles’ even if it cannot stop variants causing illness, a vaccine expert said.

c. Experimental, accidental, or natural introduction of pathogenic infective material or agents into a living organism; an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > immunogenesis > [noun] > inoculation

insemination1658

inoculation1802

the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > processes > [noun] > others

inoculation1802

plethysmography1890

auxanography1905

subpassage1907

ultrafiltration1908

enucleation1909

turbidimetry1920

microinjection1921

post-treatment1923

microincineration1924

plasmal reaction1925

bursectomy1928

priming1943

superinfection1947

bioengineering1950

superfusion1953

hybridization1961

sham operation1963

transfection1964

transdetermination1965

perifusion1969

zeugmatography1973

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > production of disease > [noun] > inoculation

inoculation1802

inoculability1839

invaccination1899

1802 R. Hall tr. L. B. Guyton de Morveau Treat. Means Purifying Infected Air iii. 211 This physician took the matter of an ulcer, evidently syphilitic, mixed it with the oxyd of mercury in mucilage, and then tried whether it would communicate the venereal disease by inoculation [Fr. il essaya d'inoculer la vérole avec cette matière].

1838 Penny Cycl. XII. 399/2 Hydrophobia..is the disease occasioned by inoculation with the saliva of a rabid animal.

1849 Gardeners' Chron. & Agric. Gaz. 27 Jan. 58/1 A fifth [theory] supposes it to be an inoculation from a similar disease in other varieties of the Brassica tribe.

1881 G. M. Sternberg tr. A. Magnin Bacteria (1883) 265 Anthrax is an infectious disease of animals which may be transmitted to man by inoculation. This occurs, occasionally, from the bite of an insect (fly) which has been feeding upon the carcass of an infected animal; and also from accidental inoculation while handling hides, wool, etc., taken from the victims of anthrax.

1920 E. F. Smith Introd. Bacterial Dis. Plants iii. iii. 165 The inoculations may be made by spraying or by touching the leaf-tip with an infected platinum needle.

1986 J. F. Gracey Meat Hygiene (ed. 8) xv. 315/2 Sheep are infected most frequently by cutaneous inoculation, especially through shearing wounds or during tail-docking, castration and ear-tagging.

2004 Mycol. Res. 108 1423/1 Despite the use of a wide range of farm and experimental animal models, none has been shown to reproduce rhinosporidiosis after inoculation of rhinosporidial endospores.

d. Originally: the introduction of infective material or microorganisms into a culture medium for experimental or diagnostic purposes; an instance of this. In later use also: the introduction of beneficial microorganisms (or, occasionally, other organisms) used for various purposes in agriculture and food production.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > processes > [noun] > inoculation

seeding1883

inoculation1886

1886 H. M. Biggs tr. F. Hueppe Methods Bacteriol. Investig. iv. 160 Inoculations [Ger. Impfungen] are made by picking out, with a platinum needle.., a particle from a pure culture.., and introducing it quickly into the solution.

1935 E. Bowdidge Soya Bean iv. 33 Nodules [on the roots] should develop provided the necessary bacteria are present in the soil or have been supplied by direct inoculation of the seed.

1949 P. R. Elliker Pract. Dairy Bacteriol. viii. 182 Usually a mother culture is sufficiently active after two or three daily transfers to be used for inoculation of the bulk starter.

1958 M. J. Pelczar & R. D. Reid Microbiology viii. 81/1 After inoculation of the media..and following a suitable period of incubation, it is possible to determine the cultural characteristics of the organism being studied.

2014 T. Cotter Org. Mushroom Farming 274 Make sure logs or rounds are cut no more than one month before inoculation to ensure the mushroom has a chance to outcompete any wild fungal species.

3. figurative. The imbuing of a person with feelings, opinions, habits, etc., esp. as a form of protection or defence; protection or defence against something; an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > teaching > instilling ideas > [noun]

infusionc1450

insinuationa1530

instillation?c1550

indoctrinating1642

implantation1653

instilling1659

imbuement1693

inoculation1761

instilment1773

indoctrinization1887

indoctrination1950

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > [noun] > means of protection or defence

hornc825

shieldc1200

warranta1272

bergha1325

armour1340

hedge1340

defencec1350

bucklerc1380

protectiona1382

safety1399

targea1400

suretyc1405

wall1412

pavise?a1439

fencec1440

safeguard?c1500

pale?a1525

waretack1542

muniment1546

shrouda1561

bulwark1577

countermure1581

ward1582

prevention1584

armourya1586

fortificationa1586

securitya1586

penthouse1589

palladium1600

guard1609

subtectacle1609

tutament1609

umbrella1609

bastion1615

screena1616

amulet1621

alexikakon1635

breastwork1643

security1643

protectionary1653

sepiment1660

back1680

shadower1691

aegis1760

inoculation1761

buoya1770

propugnaculum1773

panoply1789

armament1793

fascine1793

protective1827

beaver1838

face shield1842

vaccine1861

zariba1885

wolf-platform1906

firebreak1959

1761 N. J. Sélis Inoculation of Good Sense 49 An experiment of the Inoculation of Good Sense has already been made upon a Petit-maitre, who believed the book of l'Esprit one of the wonders of the world, and upon a Bigot who adored the works of Berruyer, when instantly their eyes were cleared, and they now see nothing in those books but lies and blasphemies.

1824 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto XV l. 30 The inoculation Of others with her own opinions.

1864 F. C. Bowen Treat. Logic xiii. 448 We must all begin life without any opinions which we can call our own by any better right than that of passive inheritance or unconscious inoculation.

1876 J. B. Mozley Univ. Serm. (1877) vi. 124 A new feature of the world..the popular pursuit of natural beauty, the inoculation of the crowd with it.

1917 V. O'Sullivan Good Girl (rev. ed.) i. 12 He would get such an inoculation of the true faith there as would serve his ever after against the stratagems of infidels.

2004 Chicago Tribune (Midwest ed.) 13 June v. 4/6 But a dominance of private brands isn't necessarily an inoculation against falling sales.

2020 Indian Express (Nexis) 2 Jan. The daily inoculation with lies and violence has..produced a race of android ‘New Indians’ who are immunised against empathy and imagination.

4. Metallurgy. The addition of a small quantity of a substance to molten metal or a molten alloy in order to produce a smaller grain size or otherwise improve the microstructure of the cast material. Cf. inoculate v. 5.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > heating > melting > addition to modify microstructure

inoculation1910

1910 Jrnl. Inst. Metals 3 279 To obtain castings of fine crystal grain, the well-known process of crystal inoculation was tried. The metal was poured into the mould when very mobile, and then at the moment of solidification a piece of finely crystalline-rolled zinc was thrust down into the centre.

1968 E. N. Simons Outl. Metall. iv. 88 In the inoculation of cast iron in Britain calcium silicide is added to the ladle or the cupola spout at the rate of about 120 oz./ton.

2018 V. D. Shinde in T. R. Vijayaram Adv. Casting Technol. ii. 21 The inoculation will provide nucleation sites (substrates) in the melt of specific size such that these nuclei will grow.

Compounds

General use as a modifier (in sense 2), as inoculation hospital, inoculation process, etc.

ΚΠ

1721 W. Douglass Let. 20 Dec. 3 in W. Wagstaffe Let. Dr. Freind (1722) You will find they do not know half so much, as we do at present in our short Inoculation Practice.

1754 J. Kirkpatrick Anal. Inoculation xi. 280 The fund of the Inoculation Hospital.

1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. II. 636 Such inoculation process, whichever way induced, is known as vaccination.

1958 Jrnl. Infectious Dis. 103 70/1 A rigid inoculation schedule was followed.

2020 R. Davenport in V. Petit et al. Anthropol. Demogr. Health i. 73 Inoculation programmes were targeted at young children of the poor.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2022).

单词	inoculation
释义	inoculationn. Brit. /ᵻˌnɒkjᵿˈleɪʃn/, U.S. /ᵻˌnɑkjəˈleɪʃən/ Forms: α. late Middle English enoculacioun, 1700s enockilation. β. late Middle English inoculacion, late Middle English inoculacioun, 1500s– inoculation, 1600s inocculation, 1600s–1700s innoculation. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin inoculātiō. Etymology: < classical Latin inoculātiōn-, inoculātiō engrafting, budding < inoculāt- , past participial stem of inoculāre inoculate v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. With the sense development compare inoculate v.Compare Middle French, French inoculation (1580 in sense 1, 1723 in sense 2). With the α. forms compare en- prefix¹. 1. a. Horticulture. The action or process of inserting a bud from one type of woody plant into the bark of another, as a means of propagation; = budding n.¹ 3. Also: an instance of this. Now historical and rare. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > management of plants > propagation of plants > [noun] > grafting > grafting by budding inoculation?1440 inoculating1598 oculation1611 budding1719 shield-budding1842 tube-budding1842 tr. Palladius De re Rustica (Duke Humfrey) (1896) viii. l. 46 Now haue y maad inoculacioun Of pere and appultre. 1592 tr. F. Du Jon Apocalypsis Ep. sig. iij Nature it selfe..hath taught the husbandmen that are skilfull in grafting, & inoculation [L. inoculandi], to fence the imps engrafted into the stock, with clay, straw, morter or lome mixt withe chaffe vntill the plant haue got a iust strength. 1658 Sir T. Browne Garden of Cyrus* iv, in Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall 172 Nor could we ever make it [sc. mistletoe] grow where nature had not planted it; as we have in vain attempted by inocculation and incision, upon its native or forreign stock. 1709 J. Addison Tatler No. 146. ⁋7 Harsh Fruits..enriched by proper Grafts and Inoculations. a1774 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued (1777) III. ii. 26 Gardeners by inoculation cause the trees to bear other than the natural fruits. 1891 L. H. Bailey Nursery-bk. v. 66 The kinds of grafting which have been employed under distinct names... Bud-grafting under the bark, or by inoculation. 1914 Western Teacher 22 346/1 The question would draw their attention to the various means of natural and artificial propagation—by layers,..by grafting, by inoculation or budding, etc. 1968 Gardeners Chron. 20 Dec. 23/1 The third method is inoculation, emplastration, or budding, which Columella remarks is a very difficult operation. †b. Anatomy. A junction at which one blood vessel opens into and becomes continuous with another; the insertion of one blood vessel into another. Cf. slightly later inosculation n. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fact or action of being joined or joining > fact or action of being connected or connecting > [noun] > uninterrupted connection of parts > connection with continuity of substance incurse1578 inoculation1615 1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 187 Now betweene the hollow and the gate-veines wee know there is no communion vnlesse it bee the mingling of their mouths in the substance of the liuer; for some of the new writers haue obserued many such innoculations betwixt them in that place. 1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια iv. ii. 202 The innumerable branches of Veines and Arteries ioyned by Anastomosis or inoculation. 1649 J. G. tr. A. van den Spiegel Αγγειολογια i. ii. 9 in T. Johnson tr. A. Paré Wks. (new ed.) The other is called Thoracica inferior, the lower Chest-vein.., which..is distributed especially through the third broad Muscle.., scattering many little branches from itself, which afterwards are joyned by Anastomosis or inoculation [L. anastomosin], with the branches of the vein sine pari. 2. a. Medicine. Originally: the introduction of material taken from pocks of smallpox into the skin of a person susceptible to the disease, performed with the intention of inducing a mild, localized attack and preventing later severe disease; = variolation n. In later use also: a similar process using material from pocks of cowpox; = vaccination n. 1. Now historical. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > immunoprophylaxis > [noun] > immunization > inoculation or vaccination > against smallpox inoculation1714 engrafting1717 engraftment1724 variolation1799 vaccination1800 vaccinating1801 vacciolation1804 cow-poxingc1815 variolization1871 1714 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 29 72 (heading) An Account of the procuring of the Small Pox by Incision or Inoculation, as it has for some time been practised at Constantinople. 1722 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. Apr. (1966) II. 15 Accounts of the Growth and spreading of the Innoculation of the small pox, which is become allmost a General practise, attended with great success. 1773 O. Goldsmith She stoops to Conquer ii. 40 Since inoculation began, there is no such thing to be seen as a plain woman. 1798 E. Jenner Inq. Causes & Effects Variolæ Vaccinæ 32 I selected a healthy boy, about eight years old, for the purpose of inoculation for the Cow Pox. 1856 D. M. Mulock John Halifax II. x. 250 Though inoculation and vaccination had made it less fatal among the upper classes. 2016 P. L. Levin Remarkable Educ. John Quincy Adams i. 22 The family was recovering from inoculation against smallpox. b. More generally: the administration, typically by injection, of infective material or (in later use) a modified preparation of an infective agent or toxin to a person or animal for protection against a disease; an instance of this. Cf. vaccination n. 2, immunization n. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > immunoprophylaxis > [noun] > immunization > inoculation or vaccination semination1747 inoculating1754 inoculation1759 vaccine inoculation1799 vaccinating1801 vaccination1868 1759 Philos. Trans. 1758 (Royal Soc.) 50 528 (heading) Inoculation succeeded so as to bring on the distemper in a regular and mild manner, as appears by the cows with calf not slipping their calves. 1843 Edinb. Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 54 473 Report of the results of inoculation in measles. 1866 J. Gamgee Cattle Plague 155 No disease admits of more certain prevention than this [sc. pleuro-pneumonia] by inoculation. 1882 London Med. Rec. 15 May 169/1 Probably no part of the transactions of the recent International Congress in London was of more general interest..than the address by M. Pasteur on inoculation in relation to chicken-cholera and splenic fever. 1909 Lancet 21 Aug. 528/2 The objection to the use of live cultures for inoculation is that they may give rise to serious symptoms and may possible transform the inoculated persons into typhoid carriers. 1999 Independent 21 Apr. ii. 3/1 The decision by the Government to launch a pilot scheme for ‘pet passports’, whereby chipped animals with inoculations become exempt from this country's onerous quarantine regulations. 2021 Times 10 Feb. 1 Inoculation could turn coronavirus into ‘the sniffles’ even if it cannot stop variants causing illness, a vaccine expert said. c. Experimental, accidental, or natural introduction of pathogenic infective material or agents into a living organism; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > immunogenesis > [noun] > inoculation insemination1658 inoculation1802 the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > processes > [noun] > others inoculation1802 plethysmography1890 auxanography1905 subpassage1907 ultrafiltration1908 enucleation1909 turbidimetry1920 microinjection1921 post-treatment1923 microincineration1924 plasmal reaction1925 bursectomy1928 priming1943 superinfection1947 bioengineering1950 superfusion1953 hybridization1961 sham operation1963 transfection1964 transdetermination1965 perifusion1969 zeugmatography1973 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > production of disease > [noun] > inoculation inoculation1802 inoculability1839 invaccination1899 1802 R. Hall tr. L. B. Guyton de Morveau Treat. Means Purifying Infected Air iii. 211 This physician took the matter of an ulcer, evidently syphilitic, mixed it with the oxyd of mercury in mucilage, and then tried whether it would communicate the venereal disease by inoculation [Fr. il essaya d'inoculer la vérole avec cette matière]. 1838 Penny Cycl. XII. 399/2 Hydrophobia..is the disease occasioned by inoculation with the saliva of a rabid animal. 1849 Gardeners' Chron. & Agric. Gaz. 27 Jan. 58/1 A fifth [theory] supposes it to be an inoculation from a similar disease in other varieties of the Brassica tribe. 1881 G. M. Sternberg tr. A. Magnin Bacteria (1883) 265 Anthrax is an infectious disease of animals which may be transmitted to man by inoculation. This occurs, occasionally, from the bite of an insect (fly) which has been feeding upon the carcass of an infected animal; and also from accidental inoculation while handling hides, wool, etc., taken from the victims of anthrax. 1920 E. F. Smith Introd. Bacterial Dis. Plants iii. iii. 165 The inoculations may be made by spraying or by touching the leaf-tip with an infected platinum needle. 1986 J. F. Gracey Meat Hygiene (ed. 8) xv. 315/2 Sheep are infected most frequently by cutaneous inoculation, especially through shearing wounds or during tail-docking, castration and ear-tagging. 2004 Mycol. Res. 108 1423/1 Despite the use of a wide range of farm and experimental animal models, none has been shown to reproduce rhinosporidiosis after inoculation of rhinosporidial endospores. d. Originally: the introduction of infective material or microorganisms into a culture medium for experimental or diagnostic purposes; an instance of this. In later use also: the introduction of beneficial microorganisms (or, occasionally, other organisms) used for various purposes in agriculture and food production. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > laboratory analysis > processes > [noun] > inoculation seeding1883 inoculation1886 1886 H. M. Biggs tr. F. Hueppe Methods Bacteriol. Investig. iv. 160 Inoculations [Ger. Impfungen] are made by picking out, with a platinum needle.., a particle from a pure culture.., and introducing it quickly into the solution. 1935 E. Bowdidge Soya Bean iv. 33 Nodules [on the roots] should develop provided the necessary bacteria are present in the soil or have been supplied by direct inoculation of the seed. 1949 P. R. Elliker Pract. Dairy Bacteriol. viii. 182 Usually a mother culture is sufficiently active after two or three daily transfers to be used for inoculation of the bulk starter. 1958 M. J. Pelczar & R. D. Reid Microbiology viii. 81/1 After inoculation of the media..and following a suitable period of incubation, it is possible to determine the cultural characteristics of the organism being studied. 2014 T. Cotter Org. Mushroom Farming 274 Make sure logs or rounds are cut no more than one month before inoculation to ensure the mushroom has a chance to outcompete any wild fungal species. 3. figurative. The imbuing of a person with feelings, opinions, habits, etc., esp. as a form of protection or defence; protection or defence against something; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ society > education > teaching > instilling ideas > [noun] infusionc1450 insinuationa1530 instillation?c1550 indoctrinating1642 implantation1653 instilling1659 imbuement1693 inoculation1761 instilment1773 indoctrinization1887 indoctrination1950 the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > [noun] > means of protection or defence hornc825 shieldc1200 warranta1272 bergha1325 armour1340 hedge1340 defencec1350 bucklerc1380 protectiona1382 safety1399 targea1400 suretyc1405 wall1412 pavise?a1439 fencec1440 safeguard?c1500 pale?a1525 waretack1542 muniment1546 shrouda1561 bulwark1577 countermure1581 ward1582 prevention1584 armourya1586 fortificationa1586 securitya1586 penthouse1589 palladium1600 guard1609 subtectacle1609 tutament1609 umbrella1609 bastion1615 screena1616 amulet1621 alexikakon1635 breastwork1643 security1643 protectionary1653 sepiment1660 back1680 shadower1691 aegis1760 inoculation1761 buoya1770 propugnaculum1773 panoply1789 armament1793 fascine1793 protective1827 beaver1838 face shield1842 vaccine1861 zariba1885 wolf-platform1906 firebreak1959 1761 N. J. Sélis Inoculation of Good Sense 49 An experiment of the Inoculation of Good Sense has already been made upon a Petit-maitre, who believed the book of l'Esprit one of the wonders of the world, and upon a Bigot who adored the works of Berruyer, when instantly their eyes were cleared, and they now see nothing in those books but lies and blasphemies. 1824 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto XV l. 30 The inoculation Of others with her own opinions. 1864 F. C. Bowen Treat. Logic xiii. 448 We must all begin life without any opinions which we can call our own by any better right than that of passive inheritance or unconscious inoculation. 1876 J. B. Mozley Univ. Serm. (1877) vi. 124 A new feature of the world..the popular pursuit of natural beauty, the inoculation of the crowd with it. 1917 V. O'Sullivan Good Girl (rev. ed.) i. 12 He would get such an inoculation of the true faith there as would serve his ever after against the stratagems of infidels. 2004 Chicago Tribune (Midwest ed.) 13 June v. 4/6 But a dominance of private brands isn't necessarily an inoculation against falling sales. 2020 Indian Express (Nexis) 2 Jan. The daily inoculation with lies and violence has..produced a race of android ‘New Indians’ who are immunised against empathy and imagination. 4. Metallurgy. The addition of a small quantity of a substance to molten metal or a molten alloy in order to produce a smaller grain size or otherwise improve the microstructure of the cast material. Cf. inoculate v. 5. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > heating > melting > addition to modify microstructure inoculation1910 1910 Jrnl. Inst. Metals 3 279 To obtain castings of fine crystal grain, the well-known process of crystal inoculation was tried. The metal was poured into the mould when very mobile, and then at the moment of solidification a piece of finely crystalline-rolled zinc was thrust down into the centre. 1968 E. N. Simons Outl. Metall. iv. 88 In the inoculation of cast iron in Britain calcium silicide is added to the ladle or the cupola spout at the rate of about 120 oz./ton. 2018 V. D. Shinde in T. R. Vijayaram Adv. Casting Technol. ii. 21 The inoculation will provide nucleation sites (substrates) in the melt of specific size such that these nuclei will grow. Compounds General use as a modifier (in sense 2), as inoculation hospital, inoculation process, etc. ΚΠ 1721 W. Douglass Let. 20 Dec. 3 in W. Wagstaffe Let. Dr. Freind (1722) You will find they do not know half so much, as we do at present in our short Inoculation Practice. 1754 J. Kirkpatrick Anal. Inoculation xi. 280 The fund of the Inoculation Hospital. 1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. II. 636 Such inoculation process, whichever way induced, is known as vaccination. 1958 Jrnl. Infectious Dis. 103 70/1 A rigid inoculation schedule was followed. 2020 R. Davenport in V. Petit et al. Anthropol. Demogr. Health i. 73 Inoculation programmes were targeted at young children of the poor. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2022). < n.?1440
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