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单词 infer
释义

inferv.

Brit. /ɪnˈfəː/, U.S. /ᵻnˈfər/
Forms: Also (1500s infarre, enferre), 1500s–1600s inferre, 1600s–1700s inferr. Inflected inferred, etc.
Etymology: < Latin inferre to bear, bring, or carry in, to inflict, make (war), to cause, occasion, to introduce; in medieval Latin, to infer; < in- (in- prefix3) + ferre to bear. Compare French inférer to allege, show, infer (16th cent.).
1.
a. transitive. To bring on, bring about, induce, occasion, cause, procure; to bring upon (a person, etc.), to inflict; to wage (war) upon. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > [verb (transitive)]
wieldeOE
timberc897
letc900
rearOE
doOE
i-wendeOE
workOE
makeOE
bringc1175
raisec1175
shapec1315
to owe (also have) a wold (also on wield)a1325
procurec1330
purchasec1330
causec1340
conform1377
performa1382
excite1398
induce1413
occasionate?c1450
occasionc1454
to bring about1480
gara1500
to bring to passc1513
encause1527
to work out1534
inferc1540
excitate?1549
import1550
ycause1563
frame1576
effect1581
to bring in1584
effectuatea1586
apport?1591
introduce1605
create1607
generate1607
cast1633
efficiate1639
conciliate1646
impetrate1647
state1654
accompass1668
to bring to bear1668
to bring on1671
effectivate1717
makee1719
superinduce1837
birth1913
c1540 A. Borde Bk. for to Lerne C iv a Immoderat slepe..doth induce and infarre [1542 —— Dyetary viii. (1870) 245 infer] breuyte of lyfe.
1543–4 Act 35 Hen. VIII c. 12 The same frenche kyng..hathe inferred and done vnto his maiestie..intollerable displeasures.
1566 W. Painter Palace of Pleasure I. i. f. 1 The Albanes..summoned warres to bee inferred vpon them [sc. the Romans].
1576 A. Fleming tr. Isocrates in Panoplie Epist. 160 If any wound be inferred with force of forreigne weapon.
?1589 T. Nashe Almond for Parrat sig. 11v A wicked mind..eyther meditates the iniuries which he is about to inferre, or feares some reproch to be inferred by others.
1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene vi. viii. sig. Ff7v Faire Serena, who..Fled fast away, afeard Of villany to be to her inferd . View more context for this quotation
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III iv. iv. 273 Infer faire Englands peace by this alliance. View more context for this quotation
1640 E. Reynolds Treat. Passions iii. 16.
1697 J. Potter Archæologiæ Græcæ I. i. xxvi. 167 He, who out of design infers Dammage, shall suffer twice as much as an unwilling Offender.
1754 J. Edwards Careful Enq. Freedom of Will ii. xii. 123 If absolute Decrees are inconsistent with Man's Liberty as a moral Agent..it is not on Account of any Necessity which absolute Decrees infer.
b. To confer, bestow. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > giving > give [verb (transitive)] > confer
giveOE
doOE
confer1542
feoff1571
infer1589
collate1591
instate1647
accede1818
1589 T. Nashe Anat. Absurditie Epist. ⁋iij What ever content felicitie or Fortune may enferre.
1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. ii. viii. §2. 363 That this Honour might bee inferred on some one of the bloud and race of their ancient Kings.
1633 Campion's Hist. Ireland i. xiv. 45 That the Metropolitanes See, was inferred upon meere lay persons of the blood royall.
c. with complement. To cause to be; to make, render. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > [verb (transitive)] > cause to be or become
seta1000
workOE
makeOE
puta1382
turna1393
yieldc1430
breedc1460
rendera1522
devolve1533
cause1576
infer1667
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost vii. 116 To glorifie the Maker, and inferr Thee also happier. View more context for this quotation
2. To bring in, introduce (in discourse or writing); to mention, report, relate, tell; to bring forward (as an argument, etc.), adduce, allege. (With simple object, or more rarely object clause.) Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > speak, say, or utter [verb (transitive)] > introduce
premit?c1425
premisec1450
infera1529
preamble1628
usher1635
to usher in1662
the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > attest, bear witness [verb (transitive)] > bring forward as evidence
to draw forthc1175
showa1325
drawc1330
allaya1387
to avouch a thing upon (a person)1393
allegea1398
adduce?a1425
induce1433
recite1509
infera1529
vouch1531
cite1550
avouch1573
relate1604
instance1608
rejourn1624
quote1663
abduce1720
invoke1879
a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Aii Somwhat I coulde enferre your consayte to debarre.
1584 R. Scot Discouerie Witchcraft xiii. vii. 300 The Jasper stone, touching which..I haue inferred Marbodeus his verses.
1595 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 ii. ii. 44 Full wel hath Clifford plaid the Orator, Inferring arguments of mighty force.
1607 Drewill's Arraignm. in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) III. 60 This oath..hauing beene..read..he was required to alleadge or inferre against any part thereof what he colde.
a1668 W. Davenant Play-house to be Let in Wks. (1673) 103 Towards the conclusion, it infers the Voyages of the English thither, and the amity of the Nations towards them.
1710 H. Prideaux Orig. & Right Tithes iii. 152 (note) The Canon of the Council of Friuli..is too long to be here at full inferred.
3.
a. To bring in or ‘draw’ as a conclusion; spec. in Logic, To derive by a process of reasoning, whether inductive or deductive, from something known or assumed; to accept from evidence or premisses; to deduce, conclude. (With simple object or object clause.)
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > process of reasoning, ratiocination > process of inferring, inference > infer, conclude [verb (transitive)]
concludec1374
takec1400
to drive outc1443
drive1447
derive1509
reasona1527
deduce1529
include1529
infer1529
gather1535
deduct?1551
induce1563
pick1565
fetch1567
collect1581
decide1584
bring1605
to take up1662
the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical syllogism > deduce by syllogism [verb (transitive)] > infer
infer1529
draw1573
the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > logical syllogism > logical argument > [verb (transitive)] > infer
infer1529
1529 T. More Dialogue Heresyes i, in Wks. 147/1 Wherupon is inferred eftsone al that the messenger wold haue fled fro by force.
1568 Duke of Norfolk et al. Let. 11 Oct. in H. Campbell Love Lett. Mary Queen of Scots (1824) App. 18 They inferred upon a letter of her own hand that there was another meane..devised to kill the king.
1587 D. Fenner Def. Godlie Ministers sig. Bii Because the strength of a consequence doeth hange..vppon..the necessitie of the illation, let vs marke what hee inferreth.
1628 R. Sanderson Two Serm. Paules-Crosse i. 43 We should from the premises inferre something for our farther vse.
1717 M. Prior Alma iii. 312 What I never meant Don't you infer.
1741 W. Warburton Divine Legation Moses II. iv. 225 From this State of Antiquity I would inferr these two Things.
1843 J. S. Mill Syst. Logic I. Introd. §4 6 The truths known by intuition are the original premisses from which all others are inferred.
1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. vi. 466 In the morning Cnut missed the English portion of his army, and hastily inferred that they had deserted.
1871 B. Stewart Heat (ed. 2) §13 It will be inferred from what we have said that [etc.].
b. absol. To draw a conclusion or inference; to reason from one thing to another.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > process of reasoning, ratiocination > process of inferring, inference > draw conclusions [verb (intransitive)]
infer1577
consequence1645
generalize1771
induct1832
1577 T. Vautrollier tr. M. Luther Comm. Epist. to Galathians (new ed.) f. 155 Reason hearing this, by and by doth thus inferre: Then God gaue the lawe in vaine.
1637 J. Milton Comus 14 I doe not brother Inferre, as if I thought my sisters state Secure.
1769 E. Burke Observ. Late State Nation 76 Those reasonings, which infer from the many restraints under which we have already laid America, to our right to lay it under still more..are conclusive..as to right; but the very reverse as to policy and practice.
1828 R. Whately Rhetoric in Encycl. Metrop. 242/1 To infer is to be regarded as the proper office of the Philosopher;—to prove, of the Advocate.
1876 W. S. Jevons Logic 12 When we thus learn one fact from other facts, we infer or reason, and we do this in the mind.
4. To lead to (something) as a conclusion; to involve as a consequence; to imply. (Said of a fact or statement; sometimes, of the person who makes the statement.) This use is widely considered to be incorrect, esp. with a person as the subject.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > hiding, concealing from view > keeping from knowledge > hidden or indirect meaning > communicate secretively [verb (transitive)] > have hidden meaning
import?a1425
imply1529
inferc1530
report1565
connotate1596
connote1664
c1530 T. More Let. Impugnynge J. Fryth in Wks. 840/2 The fyrste parte is not the proofe of the second, but rather contrary wyse, the seconde inferreth well ye fyrst.
1581 R. Mulcaster Positions xliii. 281 Socrates findes a good scholer which in naturall relation inferreth a good maister.
1631 Earl of Manchester Contemplatio Mortis 72 Solomon saying, the day of death was better then the day of birth, inferred that there was a faire way of doing well.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost viii. 91 Consider first, that Great Or Bright inferrs not Excellence. View more context for this quotation
1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. i. vii. 125 These Assertions..would infer nothing more than that it might have been better.
1813 J. S. Stanhope in A. M. W. Pickering Mem. (1902) II. 377 He said nothing that could in any way infer the necessity of a retreat of the allies.
1814 W. Scott Waverley II. xviii. 284 They are..more benign in demeanour than their physiognomy or aspect might infer . View more context for this quotation
1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India II. v. vi. 583 Yet, what did the proposition of the Governor-General to the Council infer?
1884 Academy 10 May 327 Socrates argued that a statue inferred the existence of a sculptor.
1946 M. Peake Titus Groan 373 That he had fulfilled his intention of inveigling his enemy to the place of his own choosing must surely infer that the initiative once again lay with him.
1969 G. M. Bennison & A. E. Wright Geol. Hist. Brit. Isles i. 5 A. Holmes deprecated the use of the term ‘Absolute’ age as inferring an accuracy which is unwarranted.
1970 Private Eye 2 Jan. 12 I can't stand fellers who infer things about good clean-living Australian sheilahs.
1973 Daily Tel. 30 June 14 I have seen references..to the watering of Ascot racecourse, inferring that the water has been taken from public mains at a time when economy is being urged on all consumers.
5. To carry to the grave, to bury (= Latin inferre). Obsolete. rare. (But perhaps the word is interred.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > bury or entomb [verb (transitive)]
bedelveOE
begraveOE
burya1000
beburyc1000
bifel-ec1000
layc1000
to fall, lull, lay (bring obs.) asleepOE
tombc1275
gravec1300
inter1303
rekec1330
to lap in leadc1340
to lay to rest, abed, to bed1340
lie1387
to louk in clay (lead, etc.)?a1400
to lay lowa1425
earthc1450
sepulture1490
to put awaya1500
tyrea1500
mould1530
to graith in the grave1535
ingrave1535
intumulate1535
sepult1544
intumil?c1550
yird1562
shrinea1566
infera1575
entomb1576
sepelite1577
shroud1577
funeral1578
to load with earth1578
delve1587
to lay up1591
sepulchrize1595
pit-hole1607
infuneral1610
mool1610
inhumate1612
inurna1616
inhume1616
pit1621
tumulate1623
sepulchrea1626
turf1628
underlay1639
urna1657
to lay to sleep, asleep1701
envaulta1745
plant1785
ensepulchre1820
sheugh1839
to put under1879
to lay away1885
the world > life > death > obsequies > [verb (transitive)] > carry corpse
carry1466
to carry out1526
infera1575
a1575 N. Harpsfield Treat. Divorce Henry VIII (1878) (modernized text) 200 Her dead corpse was carried to Peterborough and there inferred.
6. To carry in, insert; to figure as inserted or projecting into. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > placing or fact of being placed in (a) position > insertion or putting in > insert or put in [verb (transitive)]
to do ineOE
to put ina1300
insetc1374
to throw ina1382
inducec1420
intriec1420
to set ina1425
tryc1440
enter1489
insert1529
turn1544
insere1557
infer1572
input1593
intromitc1600
introduce1695
to run in1756
1572 J. Bossewell Wks. Armorie ii. 27 Engrayled..because two colors, or any mettal or colour, be gradately inferred one into the other, that no partition, but onely the Purflue, maie be seene betwene them.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1900; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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