humoraladj.

Brit.

/ˈhjuːm(ə)rəl/,

/ˈhjuːm(ə)rl̩/, U.S.

/ˈhjumərəl/

Forms: late Middle English humorale, late Middle English 1600s– humoural, 1500s–1600s humorall, 1500s– humoral, 1600s humourall.

Origin: Probably of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Probably also partly formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: French humoral ; Latin humoralis ; humour n., -al suffix¹.

Etymology: Originally < (i) Middle French humoral, humoural (of a disease or other pathological condition) caused or characterized by an excessive quantity or other abnormality of a humour (c1370 in a translation of Chauliac), of, relating to, or consisting of any of the four humours of the body (in normal or abnormal forms) (although this meaning is apparently first attested later in French than in English: second half of the 15th cent. or earlier; French humoral ), and its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin humoralis of humour or fluid (from 13th cent. in British sources; 1363 in Chauliac) < classical Latin hūmor humour n. + -ālis -al suffix¹. In later use probably partly also (iii) < humour n. + -al suffix¹. Compare Spanish humoral (1493), Italian umorale (1494).With the specific immunological use (see sense 1d) compare German humoral (1884 or earlier in this sense; late 18th cent. in sense 1b).

1. Medicine.

a. In ancient and medieval physiology and medicine: of, relating to, or consisting of any of the four humours of the body (in normal or abnormal forms) (see humour n. 1a, 1b); of the nature of such a humour. In later use: of or relating to body fluids, esp. blood (frequently as contrasted with solid or cellular elements of the body). Now historical.See also humoral theory n. (a) at Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > secretory organs > secretion > [adjective] > humours

humoral?a1425

humorous?a1425

humoured1566

humourable1661

humoric1831

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 20^v (MED) Þer is put in þe forsaid discripsioun without kynde to þe difference of naturale bolnyngez of þe heued, of þe wombe, & of iuncturez in which is none superflue [?c1425 Paris foule] mater, as humorale [L. humoralis] or reducible to humour.

?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (Paris) (1971) 79 Wher so euer swellynge withoute kynde is founden of any humoural [L. humorali] or reducyble mater oned in a membre, þere is aposteme.

1585 J. Banister Wecker's Compend. Chyrurg. i. xiiij. 110 As also harten and confirme the part against all the new inuasions of humoral hostilitye.

1603 A. Munday tr. F. Citois True Hist. Mayden of Confolens f. 3^v For nature hath giuen to all creatures one instrument of life, which is naturall heate, & that (euen as our wood in the fire) hath his seate in the triple substaunce of our bodie, to wit, the solide, humorall and spirituous parts.

1665 G. Harvey Disc. Plague 2 Pestilential Miasms, insinuating into the humoral and consistent parts of the Body.

1754 J. Kirkpatrick Anal. Inoculation 42 We cannot be certain, that the more humoral Part of it [sc. the blood] may not accidentally co-operate in some febrile Cases.

1760 tr. F. Quesnay Introd. Disc. to Mem. i. 5 The divers kinds of noxious matter, which mix with our blood and humours, are true humoral causes.

1829 Medico-chirurg. Rev., & Jrnl. Pract. Med. 11 329 We trust that more attention shall hereafter be devoted to the alterations, whether primary or secondary, occasioned by disease within the humoral department of our system.

1876 T. Bryant Pract. Surg. (ed. 2) I. i. 16 Products which emanate from textural and humoral waste.

1913 Lancet 9 Aug. 367/1 The transmission of abnormal humoral conditions, such as hæmophilia and congenital hæmolytical icterus.

1950 Osiris 9 90 (note) He [sc. Sydenham] sometimes distinguished large classes of diseases by reference to imperceptible humoral states.

1996 E. Tenner Why Things bite Back ii. 31 The often frightful cures visited on the patients of eminent physicians were efforts to reestablish humoral balance.

2005 L. Kassell Med. & Magic in Elizabethan London (2007) ii. v. 116 According to the former [sc. Galen], plague was defined in terms of a humoral imbalance within the body.

b. Designating a disease or other pathological condition believed to be caused by or associated with an excessive quantity or other abnormality of a humour or (in later use) any fluid of the body, esp. the blood. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > [adjective] > in state of ill health or diseased > disordered or out of sorts > of humours

humoral?a1425

humorous?a1425

cacochymic?1541

burnt1578

cacochymical1606

cacochyme1614

ill-tempereda1616

ebullient1620

sulphureous1625

cacochymious1676

dyscratic1684

dyscrasial1874

dyscrasic1874

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 32^v (MED) Testudo, a grete exiture humorale [?c1425 Paris moyste; L. humoralis], soft, with a brode shap or fourme to þe maner of a snaile.

?1543 T. Phaer tr. J. Goeurot Regiment of Lyfe sig. Hiiii^v Remedye for the fluxe humorall called diarrhea.

1547 A. Borde Breuiary of Helthe i. f. lxii^v The putrified or humorall feuer.

1612 tr. J. Guillemeau Child-birth i. iv. 15 The humorall Mole is bred by reason of too much moisture, as of serious, or whayish humors.

1655 T. Moffett & C. Bennet Healths Improvem. iii. 18 Their old men..subject to palsies..and humoral diseases.

1664 G. Havers tr. T. Renaudot et al. Gen. Coll. Disc. Virtuosi France xxxvii. 227 The Compounded (or complex) Humoral Fever is caus'd by the mixture of those Humours.

1706 tr. F. de la Calmette Riverius Reformatus i. x. 62 There are two sorts of Cholicks; the one Windy, the other Humoral.

1739 J. Sparrow tr. H. F. Le Dran Observ. Surg. v. 20 I found this Tumour not to be humoral.

1772 D. MacBride Methodical Introd. Theory & Pract. Physic iv. vii. 173 The genus of humoral discharges includes the several diseases wherein there is a preternatural flux of some of the secreted fluids.

1822 J. M. Good Study Med. IV. 53 In hysteria, and humoral asthma.

1848 F. E. Oliver & W. W. Morland tr. A. F. Chomel Elements Gen. Pathol. iv. 16 The names which have been given to diseases are often connected with the history of medicine, and the theories to which it has given rise; such are the terms humoral fever, nervous fever.

1899 Lancet 12 Aug. 452/2 Some of these were formerly regarded as dyscrasiæ or humoral diseases, dependent on some change in the blood.

1902 Practitioner 75 68 Rheumatism is a humoral disease, arthritism is due to a nerve change.

1950 Osiris 9 104 For example, he [sc. Sydenham] regarded gout as a humoral disease in which concocted humors were deposited in certain joints.

2008 Jrnl. Brit. Stud. 47 44 Demonic possession was traditionally associated with the humoral illness known as ‘melancholia’.

c. Designating the theory or doctrine that the balance and condition of the four humours are responsible for health and disease; based upon or subscribing to this theory. Chiefly historical.Recorded earliest in humoral theory n. (a) at Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > secretory organs > secretion > [adjective] > humours > relating to

humoral1785

1785 T. Dewell Philos. Physic (ed. 2) 14 (note) The tonic must unavoidably give way to the humoral theory, which applies most forcibly to the Brunonian system.

1791 R. Jackson Treat. Fevers Jamaica 112 At last Galen, who was a very unqualified admirer of Hippocrates, exerted himself so successfully in reviving the humoral doctrine of his master, that the methodic sect began to sink rapidly into decay.

1793 T. Beddoes Let. to E. Darwin 119 The loose analogies of the humoral pathology.

1809 G. Pearson in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 99 313 Groundless hypotheses, originating in the humoural doctrines of Galen.

1825 S. T. Coleridge Aids Refl. 92 Terms and phrases from the Humoral Physiology long exploded.

1878 Pop. Sci. Monthly Jan. 309 Goldsmith proved himself an enemy of the humoral pathologists in saying of Olivia, in ‘The Vicar of Wakefield’, that the temper of woman is generally formed from the cast of her features.

1930 Isis 14 257 The ancient Chinese medicine was essentially pneumatic like that of the ancient Egyptians, in contradistinction to Mesopotamian medicine and Greek medicine which were essentially humoral.

2002 R. Porter Blood & Guts vi. 115 It followed from humoral doctrines, especially Galen's theory of ‘plethora’—the idea that fevers, apoplexy and headache resulted from an excessive build-up of blood.

d. Of a physiological process: involving a specific chemical substance present in the blood or other body fluid; (Immunology) mediated by antibodies (rather than by cells). Also: of, relating to, or of the nature of such a process or substance.Recorded earliest in humoral theory n. (b) at Compounds.

ΚΠ

1891 Med. Chron. 15 153 The next question to be determined in order to establish the humoral theory was whether any relationship is to be made out between the insusceptibility of an animal to a given disease, and the degree of bactericidal power of its body fluids.

1905 Lancet 14 Oct. 1126/2 This conception of a cellular immunity is quite different from the antitoxic humoral immunity.

1917 M. Fishberg tr. E. Gley Internal Secretions 64 Brown-Séquard added to the doctrine of Claude Bernard the notion of the action of ‘specific substances’ secreted into the blood-stream by the various organs and, as a consequence of this, the no less important concept of functional humoral correlations.

1935 O. Loewi in Proc. Royal Soc. B. 118 302 Some important investigations..suggest the possibility that the stimulation also of spinal nerves is transmitted by humoral means, namely, by liberation of acetylcholine.

1967 Bull. Entomol. Res. 57 311 The rapidity with which puparium formation takes place..is interesting from the point of view of its control by nervous and humoral factors.

2001 Science 24 Aug. 1403/1 Helper T cells are broadly divided into two types: those that invoke cellular inflammatory (T_H1) responses; and those that drive humoral (T_H2) immunity.

†2. = humorous adj. 3. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > inconstancy > [adjective] > capricious or whimsical

startfulmood?a1300

wildc1350

volage?a1366

gerfulc1374

geryc1386

wild-headeda1400

skittishc1412

gerish1430

shittle1440

shittle-witted1448

runningc1449

volageous1487

glaikit1488

fantasious1490

giggish1523

tickle or light of the sear?1530

fantastical1531

wayward1531

wantona1538

peevish1539

light-headed1549

humoral1573

unstaid1579

shittle-headed1580

toy-headed1581

fangled1587

humorous1589

choiceful1591

toyish1598

tricksy1598

skip-brain1603

capricious1605

humoursome1607

planetary1607

vertiginous1609

whimsieda1625

ingiddied1628

whimsy1637

toysome1638

cocklec1640

mercurial1647

garish1650

maggoty1650

kicksey-winseya1652

freakish1653

humourish1653

planetic1653

whimsical1653

shittle-braineda1655

freaking1663

maggoty-headed1667

maggot-pated1681

hoity-toity1690

maggotish1693

maggot-headeda1695

whimsy-headed1699

fantasque1701

crotchetly1702

quixotic1718

volatile1719

holloweda1734

conundrumical1743

flighty1768

fly-away1775

dizzy1780

whimmy1785

shy1787

whimming1787

quirky1789

notional1791

tricksome1815

vagarish1819

freakful1820

faddy1824

moodish1827

mawky1837

erratic1841

rockety1843

quirkish1848

maggoty-pated1850

crotchetya1854

freaksome1854

faddish1855

vagrom1882

fantasied1883

vagarisome1883

on-and-offish1888

tricksical1889

freaky1891

hobby-horsical1893

quirksome1896

temperamental1907

up and down1960

untogether1969

fanciful-

fantastic-

1573 H. W. in G. Gascoigne Hundreth Sundrie Flowres 201 In which poeticall posie are setforth manie trifling fantasies, humorall passions, and straunge affects of a Louer.

1591 H. Unton Corr. (1847) 84 Certeyne idle brayned humorall persons.

†3. gen. Of the nature of, or containing, moisture; moist, humid. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > liquid > moisture or humidity > [adjective] > humid

humidc1550

humoral1602

dampisha1642

vapid1660

damp1706

moothy1878

1602 ‘Philaretes’ Work for Chimny-sweepers sig. C.ii For as touching the humours in vs, they are aptest nourished by such things as are either humorall and moyst, or else, may easily bee turned & conuerted into a liquid and thin substance.

1605 T. Tymme tr. J. Du Chesne Pract. Chymicall & Hermeticall Physicke iii. 162 That moyst euaporation taken from the more waterie part of humoral or mercurial things.

Compounds

humoral theory n. (a) the theory that the balance and condition of the four humours (see humour n. 1a), or (in later use) the body fluids generally, are responsible for states of health and disease (= humoralism n.); any theory of this nature (now historical); (b) any theory attributing a physiological role to specific chemical substances in the body fluids (cf. sense 1d); (Immunology) the theory that immunity, or a specific immunological phenomenon, is dependent upon the action of antibodies rather than cells.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > art or science of medicine > medical theories or doctrines > [noun] > humoralism or fluidism

humoral theory1785

humorism1808

humoralism1822

fluidism1835

humorology1844

1785Humoral theory [see sense 1c].

1800 J. Burns Diss. Inflammation II. ii. 236 Many of the older writers, proceeding upon the humoural theories, began their treatment of gangrene by bleeding and purging.

1849 Lancet 29 Dec. 701/1 The frequency with which vegetable poisons produced convulsions led him to favour the toxæmic or humoral theory of puerperal epilepsy.

1891Humoral theory [see sense 1d].

1898 W. S. Lazarus-Barlow Man. Gen. Pathol. ix. 408 It was obvious..that a purely humoral theory..is insufficient, that natural immunity cannot be explained by the presence of ‘alexins’ in the blood.

1924 Brain 47 400 The ‘inhibiting substance’ theory (and the ‘humoral’ theory of Loewi and others) derives all its evidence from the peripheral inhibition of cardiac or plain muscle.

1954 H. W. Florey Lect. Gen. Pathol. i. 2 The ancient humoral theories still persist in some of the words that we commonly use, indeed much of medical terminology is of Greek origin.

2005 Human Immunol. 66 335/1 In the humoral theory of organ transplantation, the endothelium of a donor organ is primarily targeted by alloantibody, either preexisting or developed de novo after transplant.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2014; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	humoral
释义	humoraladj. Brit. /ˈhjuːm(ə)rəl/, /ˈhjuːm(ə)rl̩/, U.S. /ˈhjumərəl/ Forms: late Middle English humorale, late Middle English 1600s– humoural, 1500s–1600s humorall, 1500s– humoral, 1600s humourall. Origin: Probably of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Probably also partly formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: French humoral ; Latin humoralis ; humour n., -al suffix¹. Etymology: Originally < (i) Middle French humoral, humoural (of a disease or other pathological condition) caused or characterized by an excessive quantity or other abnormality of a humour (c1370 in a translation of Chauliac), of, relating to, or consisting of any of the four humours of the body (in normal or abnormal forms) (although this meaning is apparently first attested later in French than in English: second half of the 15th cent. or earlier; French humoral ), and its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin humoralis of humour or fluid (from 13th cent. in British sources; 1363 in Chauliac) < classical Latin hūmor humour n. + -ālis -al suffix¹. In later use probably partly also (iii) < humour n. + -al suffix¹. Compare Spanish humoral (1493), Italian umorale (1494).With the specific immunological use (see sense 1d) compare German humoral (1884 or earlier in this sense; late 18th cent. in sense 1b). 1. Medicine. a. In ancient and medieval physiology and medicine: of, relating to, or consisting of any of the four humours of the body (in normal or abnormal forms) (see humour n. 1a, 1b); of the nature of such a humour. In later use: of or relating to body fluids, esp. blood (frequently as contrasted with solid or cellular elements of the body). Now historical.See also humoral theory n. (a) at Compounds. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > secretory organs > secretion > [adjective] > humours humoral?a1425 humorous?a1425 humoured1566 humourable1661 humoric1831 ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 20^v (MED) Þer is put in þe forsaid discripsioun without kynde to þe difference of naturale bolnyngez of þe heued, of þe wombe, & of iuncturez in which is none superflue [?c1425 Paris foule] mater, as humorale [L. humoralis] or reducible to humour. ?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (Paris) (1971) 79 Wher so euer swellynge withoute kynde is founden of any humoural [L. humorali] or reducyble mater oned in a membre, þere is aposteme. 1585 J. Banister Wecker's Compend. Chyrurg. i. xiiij. 110 As also harten and confirme the part against all the new inuasions of humoral hostilitye. 1603 A. Munday tr. F. Citois True Hist. Mayden of Confolens f. 3^v For nature hath giuen to all creatures one instrument of life, which is naturall heate, & that (euen as our wood in the fire) hath his seate in the triple substaunce of our bodie, to wit, the solide, humorall and spirituous parts. 1665 G. Harvey Disc. Plague 2 Pestilential Miasms, insinuating into the humoral and consistent parts of the Body. 1754 J. Kirkpatrick Anal. Inoculation 42 We cannot be certain, that the more humoral Part of it [sc. the blood] may not accidentally co-operate in some febrile Cases. 1760 tr. F. Quesnay Introd. Disc. to Mem. i. 5 The divers kinds of noxious matter, which mix with our blood and humours, are true humoral causes. 1829 Medico-chirurg. Rev., & Jrnl. Pract. Med. 11 329 We trust that more attention shall hereafter be devoted to the alterations, whether primary or secondary, occasioned by disease within the humoral department of our system. 1876 T. Bryant Pract. Surg. (ed. 2) I. i. 16 Products which emanate from textural and humoral waste. 1913 Lancet 9 Aug. 367/1 The transmission of abnormal humoral conditions, such as hæmophilia and congenital hæmolytical icterus. 1950 Osiris 9 90 (note) He [sc. Sydenham] sometimes distinguished large classes of diseases by reference to imperceptible humoral states. 1996 E. Tenner Why Things bite Back ii. 31 The often frightful cures visited on the patients of eminent physicians were efforts to reestablish humoral balance. 2005 L. Kassell Med. & Magic in Elizabethan London (2007) ii. v. 116 According to the former [sc. Galen], plague was defined in terms of a humoral imbalance within the body. b. Designating a disease or other pathological condition believed to be caused by or associated with an excessive quantity or other abnormality of a humour or (in later use) any fluid of the body, esp. the blood. Now historical. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > [adjective] > in state of ill health or diseased > disordered or out of sorts > of humours humoral?a1425 humorous?a1425 cacochymic?1541 burnt1578 cacochymical1606 cacochyme1614 ill-tempereda1616 ebullient1620 sulphureous1625 cacochymious1676 dyscratic1684 dyscrasial1874 dyscrasic1874 ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 32^v (MED) Testudo, a grete exiture humorale [?c1425 Paris moyste; L. humoralis], soft, with a brode shap or fourme to þe maner of a snaile. ?1543 T. Phaer tr. J. Goeurot Regiment of Lyfe sig. Hiiii^v Remedye for the fluxe humorall called diarrhea. 1547 A. Borde Breuiary of Helthe i. f. lxii^v The putrified or humorall feuer. 1612 tr. J. Guillemeau Child-birth i. iv. 15 The humorall Mole is bred by reason of too much moisture, as of serious, or whayish humors. 1655 T. Moffett & C. Bennet Healths Improvem. iii. 18 Their old men..subject to palsies..and humoral diseases. 1664 G. Havers tr. T. Renaudot et al. Gen. Coll. Disc. Virtuosi France xxxvii. 227 The Compounded (or complex) Humoral Fever is caus'd by the mixture of those Humours. 1706 tr. F. de la Calmette Riverius Reformatus i. x. 62 There are two sorts of Cholicks; the one Windy, the other Humoral. 1739 J. Sparrow tr. H. F. Le Dran Observ. Surg. v. 20 I found this Tumour not to be humoral. 1772 D. MacBride Methodical Introd. Theory & Pract. Physic iv. vii. 173 The genus of humoral discharges includes the several diseases wherein there is a preternatural flux of some of the secreted fluids. 1822 J. M. Good Study Med. IV. 53 In hysteria, and humoral asthma. 1848 F. E. Oliver & W. W. Morland tr. A. F. Chomel Elements Gen. Pathol. iv. 16 The names which have been given to diseases are often connected with the history of medicine, and the theories to which it has given rise; such are the terms humoral fever, nervous fever. 1899 Lancet 12 Aug. 452/2 Some of these were formerly regarded as dyscrasiæ or humoral diseases, dependent on some change in the blood. 1902 Practitioner 75 68 Rheumatism is a humoral disease, arthritism is due to a nerve change. 1950 Osiris 9 104 For example, he [sc. Sydenham] regarded gout as a humoral disease in which concocted humors were deposited in certain joints. 2008 Jrnl. Brit. Stud. 47 44 Demonic possession was traditionally associated with the humoral illness known as ‘melancholia’. c. Designating the theory or doctrine that the balance and condition of the four humours are responsible for health and disease; based upon or subscribing to this theory. Chiefly historical.Recorded earliest in humoral theory n. (a) at Compounds. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > secretory organs > secretion > [adjective] > humours > relating to humoral1785 1785 T. Dewell Philos. Physic (ed. 2) 14 (note) The tonic must unavoidably give way to the humoral theory, which applies most forcibly to the Brunonian system. 1791 R. Jackson Treat. Fevers Jamaica 112 At last Galen, who was a very unqualified admirer of Hippocrates, exerted himself so successfully in reviving the humoral doctrine of his master, that the methodic sect began to sink rapidly into decay. 1793 T. Beddoes Let. to E. Darwin 119 The loose analogies of the humoral pathology. 1809 G. Pearson in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 99 313 Groundless hypotheses, originating in the humoural doctrines of Galen. 1825 S. T. Coleridge Aids Refl. 92 Terms and phrases from the Humoral Physiology long exploded. 1878 Pop. Sci. Monthly Jan. 309 Goldsmith proved himself an enemy of the humoral pathologists in saying of Olivia, in ‘The Vicar of Wakefield’, that the temper of woman is generally formed from the cast of her features. 1930 Isis 14 257 The ancient Chinese medicine was essentially pneumatic like that of the ancient Egyptians, in contradistinction to Mesopotamian medicine and Greek medicine which were essentially humoral. 2002 R. Porter Blood & Guts vi. 115 It followed from humoral doctrines, especially Galen's theory of ‘plethora’—the idea that fevers, apoplexy and headache resulted from an excessive build-up of blood. d. Of a physiological process: involving a specific chemical substance present in the blood or other body fluid; (Immunology) mediated by antibodies (rather than by cells). Also: of, relating to, or of the nature of such a process or substance.Recorded earliest in humoral theory n. (b) at Compounds. ΚΠ 1891 Med. Chron. 15 153 The next question to be determined in order to establish the humoral theory was whether any relationship is to be made out between the insusceptibility of an animal to a given disease, and the degree of bactericidal power of its body fluids. 1905 Lancet 14 Oct. 1126/2 This conception of a cellular immunity is quite different from the antitoxic humoral immunity. 1917 M. Fishberg tr. E. Gley Internal Secretions 64 Brown-Séquard added to the doctrine of Claude Bernard the notion of the action of ‘specific substances’ secreted into the blood-stream by the various organs and, as a consequence of this, the no less important concept of functional humoral correlations. 1935 O. Loewi in Proc. Royal Soc. B. 118 302 Some important investigations..suggest the possibility that the stimulation also of spinal nerves is transmitted by humoral means, namely, by liberation of acetylcholine. 1967 Bull. Entomol. Res. 57 311 The rapidity with which puparium formation takes place..is interesting from the point of view of its control by nervous and humoral factors. 2001 Science 24 Aug. 1403/1 Helper T cells are broadly divided into two types: those that invoke cellular inflammatory (T_H1) responses; and those that drive humoral (T_H2) immunity. †2. = humorous adj. 3. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > irresolution or vacillation > inconstancy > [adjective] > capricious or whimsical startfulmood?a1300 wildc1350 volage?a1366 gerfulc1374 geryc1386 wild-headeda1400 skittishc1412 gerish1430 shittle1440 shittle-witted1448 runningc1449 volageous1487 glaikit1488 fantasious1490 giggish1523 tickle or light of the sear?1530 fantastical1531 wayward1531 wantona1538 peevish1539 light-headed1549 humoral1573 unstaid1579 shittle-headed1580 toy-headed1581 fangled1587 humorous1589 choiceful1591 toyish1598 tricksy1598 skip-brain1603 capricious1605 humoursome1607 planetary1607 vertiginous1609 whimsieda1625 ingiddied1628 whimsy1637 toysome1638 cocklec1640 mercurial1647 garish1650 maggoty1650 kicksey-winseya1652 freakish1653 humourish1653 planetic1653 whimsical1653 shittle-braineda1655 freaking1663 maggoty-headed1667 maggot-pated1681 hoity-toity1690 maggotish1693 maggot-headeda1695 whimsy-headed1699 fantasque1701 crotchetly1702 quixotic1718 volatile1719 holloweda1734 conundrumical1743 flighty1768 fly-away1775 dizzy1780 whimmy1785 shy1787 whimming1787 quirky1789 notional1791 tricksome1815 vagarish1819 freakful1820 faddy1824 moodish1827 mawky1837 erratic1841 rockety1843 quirkish1848 maggoty-pated1850 crotchetya1854 freaksome1854 faddish1855 vagrom1882 fantasied1883 vagarisome1883 on-and-offish1888 tricksical1889 freaky1891 hobby-horsical1893 quirksome1896 temperamental1907 up and down1960 untogether1969 fanciful- fantastic- 1573 H. W. in G. Gascoigne Hundreth Sundrie Flowres 201 In which poeticall posie are setforth manie trifling fantasies, humorall passions, and straunge affects of a Louer. 1591 H. Unton Corr. (1847) 84 Certeyne idle brayned humorall persons. †3. gen. Of the nature of, or containing, moisture; moist, humid. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > moisture or humidity > [adjective] > humid humidc1550 humoral1602 dampisha1642 vapid1660 damp1706 moothy1878 1602 ‘Philaretes’ Work for Chimny-sweepers sig. C.ii For as touching the humours in vs, they are aptest nourished by such things as are either humorall and moyst, or else, may easily bee turned & conuerted into a liquid and thin substance. 1605 T. Tymme tr. J. Du Chesne Pract. Chymicall & Hermeticall Physicke iii. 162 That moyst euaporation taken from the more waterie part of humoral or mercurial things. Compounds humoral theory n. (a) the theory that the balance and condition of the four humours (see humour n. 1a), or (in later use) the body fluids generally, are responsible for states of health and disease (= humoralism n.); any theory of this nature (now historical); (b) any theory attributing a physiological role to specific chemical substances in the body fluids (cf. sense 1d); (Immunology) the theory that immunity, or a specific immunological phenomenon, is dependent upon the action of antibodies rather than cells. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > art or science of medicine > medical theories or doctrines > [noun] > humoralism or fluidism humoral theory1785 humorism1808 humoralism1822 fluidism1835 humorology1844 1785Humoral theory [see sense 1c]. 1800 J. Burns Diss. Inflammation II. ii. 236 Many of the older writers, proceeding upon the humoural theories, began their treatment of gangrene by bleeding and purging. 1849 Lancet 29 Dec. 701/1 The frequency with which vegetable poisons produced convulsions led him to favour the toxæmic or humoral theory of puerperal epilepsy. 1891Humoral theory [see sense 1d]. 1898 W. S. Lazarus-Barlow Man. Gen. Pathol. ix. 408 It was obvious..that a purely humoral theory..is insufficient, that natural immunity cannot be explained by the presence of ‘alexins’ in the blood. 1924 Brain 47 400 The ‘inhibiting substance’ theory (and the ‘humoral’ theory of Loewi and others) derives all its evidence from the peripheral inhibition of cardiac or plain muscle. 1954 H. W. Florey Lect. Gen. Pathol. i. 2 The ancient humoral theories still persist in some of the words that we commonly use, indeed much of medical terminology is of Greek origin. 2005 Human Immunol. 66 335/1 In the humoral theory of organ transplantation, the endothelium of a donor organ is primarily targeted by alloantibody, either preexisting or developed de novo after transplant. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2014; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adj.?a1425
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