hoaradj.n.
/hɔː/, U.S. /hɔr/ A. adj.† 3. Used frequently as an attribute of various objects named in ancient charters as marking a boundary line. Obsolete. Hence in many place-names. See also hoar-stone n.The meaning may have been ‘grey’ simply, or with lichen, and so ‘grey with age’, ‘old, ancient’. Some have conjectured however (see Archaeologia XXV. 33) that hoar ‘by itself expresses a frontier or peninsular station’.† 6. † b. figurative. ‘Keen, biting, severe’ (Jamieson). Scottish. Obsolete.† 7. ‘Harsh, ungrateful to the ear’ (Jamieson). Scottish.
1. Grey-haired with age; venerable.
ΚΠ
α.
β. a1400–50 Alexander 4996 ‘Behalds now’, quod þis hare man.1575 J. Rolland Treat. Court Venus iv. f. 63 I was sa auld ane man and hair.OE Beowulf 1307 Þa wæs frod cyning, har hilderinc on hreon mode.
c1290 St. Brandan 265 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 226 A fair old man and swiþe hor.
1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xvi. 173 Þanne mette I with a man..As hore [v.rr. hoor, hoer, heor] as an hawethorne.
c1386 G. Chaucer Merchant's Tale 220 I feele me nowhere hoor but on myn heed.
1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur ii. xvii An old hore gentylman.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. x. sig. I5v Through wisedome of a matrone graue and hore.
1725 W. Broome in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey II. viii. 112 A countless throng, Youth and hoar age.
1847 H. W. Longfellow Evangeline i. Prel. 4 The murmuring pines and the hemlocks..Stand like harpers hoar, with beards that rest on their bosoms.
1881 R. Jefferies Wood Magic II. iv. 108 A very old hare, quite hoar with age.
2. Of colour: Grey, greyish white.
a. esp. Of the hair, head, or beard: Grey or white with age.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > hair > colour of hair > [adjective] > grey, hoary
grey1207
hoarc1290
frostya1450
forhoaredc1450
grizzled1458
hoary1530
hoared1557
greyish1567
wintry1579
silver1590
silveredc1600
silver-grey1607
frosted1628
iron-grey1809
iron-greyed1826
grizzly1843
the world > life > the body > hair > colour of hair > [adjective] > grey, hoary > having
hoarc1290
grey?c1335
grey-haireda1425
hasard1513
grey-headed1535
hoar-headed1561
hoary1580
grizzleda1616
silver-headed1643
silver-haired1665
α.
β. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 5313 His berde was side his heued hare.1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid ix. x. 52 The steyll helmys we thrist on hedis hayr.c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 368/66 His berd is long and sid i-nouȝ, and sum-del hor a-mong.
c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 1580 Al for elde ys hor þyn her.
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Lev. xix. 32 Before the hoor heed aryse.
1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) v. iii. 108 Thei haue soone hoore heeres.
1482 Monk of Evesham 33 The heere of his hed was whore.
1583 P. Stubbes Second Pt. Anat. Abuses sig. G1v Their old age, their hoare haires, their blindnesse.
1611 Bible (King James) Isa. xlvi. 4 Euen to hoare haires will I cary you. View more context for this quotation
1652 T. Hodges Hoary Head Crowned 23 His hoar head bring thou down to the grave with blood.
1798 S. T. Coleridge Anc. Marinere vii, in W. Wordsworth & S. T. Coleridge Lyrical Ballads 51 Whose beard with age is hoar.
1820 J. Keats Isabella in Lamia & Other Poems 73 So she kneeled, with her locks all hoar.
b. Of the frost which feathers objects with white, and objects so whitened: see hoar-frost n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > white or whiteness > whitening > [adjective] > whitened with frost
hoarOE
α.
β. a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Preaching of Swallow l. 1700 in Poems (1981) 67 Baith hill and holt heillit with frostis hair.1513 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid vii. Prol. 42 With frostis haire ourfret the feildis standis.OE Andreas (1932) 1258 Weder coledon heardum hægelscurum, swylce hrim ond forst, hare hildstapan, hæleða eðel lucon, leoda gesetu.
1477 T. Norton Ordinall of Alchimy v, in E. Ashmole Theatrum Chem. Britannicum (1652) 55 As it sheweth in Ice and Frosts hore.
1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis iv. 72 His beard with froast hoare is hardned.
1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. xi. sig. L5 Like to the hore Congealed litle drops, which doe the morne adore. View more context for this quotation
1786 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. xiv When the North his fleecy store Drove thro' the sky, I saw grim Nature's visage hoar, Struck thy young eye.
c. Of colour simply.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > grey or greyness > [adjective] > hoary
hoarOE
for-hoar?a1366
hoarisha1398
hoary1579
mouldish1648
incanescent1866
OE Wanderer 82 Sume wig fornom, ferede in forðwege, sumne fugel oþbær ofer heanne holm, sumne se hara wulf deaðe gedælde, sumne dreorighleor in eorðscræfe eorl gehydde.
a1000 Boeth. Metr. v. 25 Of clife harum.
OE Judith 327 Þa seo cneoris eall..wagon ond læddon to ðære beorhtan byrig, Bethuliam, helmas ond hupseax, hare byrnan.
13.. K. Alis. 5031 Hi ben hore al so a wolf.
1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Hore, or whyte graye, canus.
1572 J. Bossewell Wks. Armorie ii. f. 69v The Pellicane feruentlye loueth her byrdes, Yet when they bene haughtie, and beginne to waxe hore, they smite her in the face.
1727 J. Thomson Summer 50 Island of Bliss!..all Assaults Baffling, like thy hoar Cliffs the loud Sea-Wave.
1812 J. Wilson Isle of Palms iii. 569 Folded up with blossoms hoar.
1890 R. Bridges Shorter Poems i. 9 Her leaves are glaucous green and hoar.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > edge, border, or margin > boundary > [adjective] > ancient (of boundary marks)
hoar994
994 in Kemble Cod. Dipl. III. 279 Of ðam haran hæsle on earnhylle middewerde.
999 in Kemble Cod. Dipl. III. 313 Of ðan haran stane on ðonne haran wiðig.
1005 in W. Dugdale Monasticon Anglicanum III. 11 Fram Egceanlæa to þam haran wiþie.
a1079 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (MS. D) anno 1066 [He] com him to genes æt þære haran apuldran.
1298 in Archæol. XXV. 35 Exinde usque ad Horeapeldre. [Cf. the place-names Horethorne Down, Somersetsh., Hore Cross, Staffordsh., Hoar Grounds, Hoar Park, Warwicksh., Hormead, Herts., Horridge, Gloucestersh., Harestanes, Hartree, Harewood, Harwood, Scotl., etc. See Archaeologia XXV. 30-60.]
4.
a. Of trees, woods, or the like: Grey from absence of foliage; showing the bare grey stems.In later use a more or less traditional epithet, esp. in the alliterative phrase holts hoar, which referred perhaps to the grey lichen with which aged tree-trunks are clad, and thus combined the notion of old, ancient. When said of mountains the primary reference is to colour, which in later use is sometimes lost.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > leaf > plant defined by leaves > [adjective] > leafless > showing bare grey stems
hoarc1275
α.
β. a1400 Sir Perc. 230 Fyftene wynter and mare He duellede in those holtes hare.c1425 Wyntoun Cron. viii. xxvi. 228 Ðat semyd ane hare Wode for to be.1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid x. xiv. 142 This Troiane prynce..Intil hys stalwart stelyt scheild, stikand out Lyke a hayr wod, the dartis bair about.a1549 Murning Maidin 26 And walk among the holtis hair, Within the woddis wyld.γ. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 8170 Swulc hit weoren an hær wude [c1300 Otho a wilde wode].a1400–50 Alexander 776 Þe holtez of þe heer wode.a1400 Isumbras 167 The floures of the thorne, Up-one those holtes hore.
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 743 Of hore okeȝ ful hoge a hundreth to-geder.
c1430 J. Lydgate Compl. Black Knight 119 In the parke, and in the holtes hore.
1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde iii. viii. f. 132v The herbes waxe wythered..and the medowes become hore.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. iii. sig. C3 Vnder the steepe foot of a mountaine hore.
a1600 (c1515) Flodden Field (Harl. 367) l. 214 in I. F. Baird Poems Stanley Family (D.Phil. thesis, Univ. of Birm.) (1990) 259 Under nethe the holtes soe whore.
1645 J. Milton L'Allegro in Poems 32 From the side of som Hoar Hill, Through the high wood echoing shrill.
b. Of things: Grey with age, venerable, ancient.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the past > oldness or ancientness > [adjective]
oldeOE
eldeda1400
antique1490
invetered1490
prisk1533
grey-headed1578
ancient1579
hoar1590
inveterated1597
antiquated1598
inveterate1598
long-dated1602
avital1611
vetust1623
old-standinga1627
grey-haired1637
superannuateda1644
avitous1731
old-established1776
venerable1792
timeworn1840
inworn1864
avitic1865
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. vii. Argt. sig. S Guyon findes Mamon in a delue, Sunning his threasure hore.
a1759 W. Collins in Trans. Royal Soc. Edinb. (1788) 1 ii. 72 To that hoar pile which still its ruin shows.
1771 J. Beattie Minstrel: Bk. 1st xlv. 23 Instructed by tradition hoar.
1856 H. C. Adams First of June (1862) 6 To trace legends back to yet more hoar antiquity.
5. White or grey with mould; mouldy, musty. Also figurative. Obsolete exc. dialect.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > [adjective] > mouldy or musty
fennyc1000
vinnyOE
mouleda1250
moulya1398
mouldena1400
spaked1438
vinniedc1450
mouldy1495
hoared1496
mustyc1503
foisty1519
mocha1522
hoary1530
hoar1544
mouldeda1552
mowsy1566
foistied1572
fustied1576
spaky1590
musted1632
mouldish1648
emucid1656
mucid1656
mungy1658
mouldly1678
foisted1688
mothery1697
vinnewya1722
rusty-fustya1790
musty-fusty1857
mucidous1866
blue-vinnied1880
blue-veined1898
the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > corruption or putridness > [adjective] > musty or mouldy
fennyc1000
vinnyOE
mouleda1250
moulya1398
mouldena1400
spaked1438
vinniedc1450
mouldy1495
hoared1496
mustyc1503
foisty1519
hoary1530
moskin1531
hoar1544
mouldeda1552
foistied1572
mustied1572
fustied1576
spaky1590
mildewed1605
musted1632
mucid1656
mungy1658
foisted1688
vinnewya1722
mochy1825
musty-smelling1852
musty-fusty1857
1544 Bk. Chyldren in T. Phaer tr. J. Goeurot Regiment of Lyfe (new ed.) sig. d.iiii Lett them so stande viii. dayes to putrifye tyll it be hore, then frye them out.
1597 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet ii. iii. 125 An olde hare hore, and an olde hare hore is verie good meate in Lent: But a hare thats hoare is too much for a score, if it hore ere it be spent. View more context for this quotation
1606 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) ii. iii. 125 But the long Iourney we have gone hath..turn'd our Victuals hoare. [‘Still in use in Somerset’ (Halliwell 1847–78).]
a. From the use in hoar-frost n. (sense A. 2b) comes probably that of ‘Cold, nipping’ (Jamieson). Scottish. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cold weather > [adjective] > sharp or bitter
fellc1330
snithinga1350
sharpc1435
hoar?a1500
sneaping1598
shrewd1603
bittera1616
snithe1671
cutting1798
stingy1823
?a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Sheep & Dog l. 1292 in Poems (1981) 53 Fra hair weddir and froistis him to hap.
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid vi. vii. 79 By gousty placis, welsche savorit, mist, and hair.
1513 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid vii. Prol. 130 The mornyng bla, wan and har.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > severity > [adjective]
heavyc825
grimc900
strongeOE
hardeOE
drearyOE
eileOE
sweerOE
deara1000
bitterOE
tartc1000
smartOE
unridec1175
sharp?c1225
straitc1275
grievousc1290
fellc1330
shrewda1387
snella1400
unsterna1400
vilea1400
importunea1425
ungainc1425
thrallc1430
peisant1483
sore?a1513
weighty1540
heinous?1541
urgent?1542
asperous?1567
dure1567
spiny1586
searching1590
hoara1600
vengible1601
flinty1613
tugging1642
atrocious1733
uncannya1774
severe1774
stern1830
punishing1833
hefty1867
solid1916
a1600 A. Montgomerie Misc. Poems iii. 61 Houbeit ȝe think my harrand something har.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > unpleasant quality > harsh or discordant quality > [adjective] > making harsh or discordant sound
hoarsec1369
ganglinga1398
roughlyc1400
rauk?a1425
rustyc1430
hask?1440
savagea1450
raw1474
hoar?a1505
harsh1530
untunable1545
jarring1552
jarry1582
barking1589
absonant1600
wrangling1608
raucous1615
asper1626
streperous1637
scrannel1638
caterwaulinga1652
unmelodious1665
jangling1667
latrant1702
untuneful1709
raucid1730
unharmonious1742
unmelodized1771
unmelodic1823
raucal1826
rauque1845
raspish1847
serratic1859
jangled1874
jangly1891
amelodic1937
a1505 R. Henryson Test. Cresseid 338 in Poems (1981) 122 Thy voice sa cleir vnplesand hoir and hace.
a1505 R. Henryson Test. Cresseid 445 in Poems (1981) 125 My cleir voice..Is rawk as ruik, full hiddeous, hoir, and hace.
B. n.† 1. A grey-haired man. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > hair > colour of hair > [noun] > grey, hoary > person having
hoarOE
hoarhead1382
grizzle1390
greya1413
hasard1513
greyhead1535
oldgrey1582
grizzle-pate1797
iron-grey1822
grisard1880
OE Beowulf 2989 Hares hyrste Higelace bær.
13.. K. Alis. 6752 Sey me now, ye olde hore! (Mony day is seothe ye weore bore).
2. Hoariness from age.But in first quot. perhaps for-hore: see for- prefix1 2a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > source or principle of life > age > old age > [noun] > hoariness from age
hoar?a1513
the world > life > the body > hair > colour of hair > [noun] > grey, hoary > quality of being
hoarnessa900
hoar?a1513
hoar-headedness1574
hoariness1580
?a1366 Romaunt Rose 356 Hir heed for hoor [Thynne for hore] was whyt as flour.]
a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 84 Quhill store and hore my ȝouth devor.
1796 E. Burke Let. to Noble Lord 52 His grants are engrafted on the public law of Europe, covered with the awful hoar of innumerable ages.
1872 J. G. Murphy Crit. Comm. Leviticus Introd. Now that it is touched with the hoar of a venerable antiquity.
3. † b. Canescent hairiness. Obsolete.† c. Mould. Obsolete.
a. A white or hoary coating or appearance; esp. hoar-frost, rime.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > colour > named colours > white or whiteness > whitener > [noun] > white coating
hoar1567
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cold weather > [noun] > freezing or frosty weather > frost > hoar frost
rimeeOE
frosteOE
rime frostOE
hoar-frostc1290
rain-frostc1300
white frostc1384
griddled frosta1400
hoar-rimec1550
hoar1567
rind1575
frost-dewa1626
cranreuchc1686
1567 G. Turberville Epit., Epigr. in Wks. (1837) 303 The hilles be ouerwhelmde with hoare.
1731 Winter's Thought in Gentleman's Mag. (1732) The candy'd rhime and scattered hoar.
1732 R. Bradley Gentleman & Farmer's Guide for Improvem. of Cattle (ed. 2) 9 Mornings when we perceive a white Hoar and Cobwebs upon the Grass.
1886 T. Hardy Mayor of Casterbridge I. i. 1 The thick hoar of dust which had accumulated on their shoes and garments.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > hair or bristle > [noun] > growth of white hairs
hoar1551
hoarness1578
1551 W. Turner New Herball sig. B vijv Most gentle, full of hore and softe, with whyte floures and whit sedes.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > poisonous or harmful plants > harmful or parasitic fungi > [noun] > mould or mildew
fenOE
mildew1340
moulda1400
moul1440
vinny1538
hoar1548
mouldingc1610
vinegar-plant1797
moulder1817
mucor1818
vinegar mother1839
leaf rust1859
wood-mould1869
Isaria1874
grease mould1882
brown mould1883
pourriture noble1911
fumagine1913
1548–67 W. Thomas Ital. Gram. & Dict. Muffa, the hoare that is seene in stale breade.
1598 Bp. J. Hall Virgidemiarum: 3 Last Bks. iv. i. 88 His golden Fleece ore-growne with moldy hore.
1686 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Staffs. i. 15 Interspersed with a white hoar or vinew much like that in mouldy bread.
d. A fog; a thick mist. (? Error for haar n.1)
ΚΠ
1846 J. E. Worcester Universal Dict. Eng. Lang. Hoar..(2) thick mist. Loudon.
Compounds
C1. Chiefly parasynthetic, as hoar-haired, hoar-locked, hoar-headed adj.
ΚΠ
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 12899 Heor-lockede wif [c1300 Otho hor-ilocket].
1580 C. Hollyband Treasurie French Tong Chenu, horeheared, gray heared.
C2.
hoar-leprosy n. white leprosy, elephantiasis.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [noun] > elephantiasis
elephantica1492
elephancy1547
elephantiasis1581
hoar-leprosya1616
joint-evil1669
cocobay1788
elephantine leprosy1843
Barbados leg1849
spargosis1867
a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) iv. iii. 36 This yellow Slaue, Will..blesse th' accurst, Make the hoare Leprosie ador'd.
hoar-rime n. = hoar-frost n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cold weather > [noun] > freezing or frosty weather > frost > hoar frost
rimeeOE
frosteOE
rime frostOE
hoar-frostc1290
rain-frostc1300
white frostc1384
griddled frosta1400
hoar-rimec1550
hoar1567
rind1575
frost-dewa1626
cranreuchc1686
c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 46 The hayr ryin is ane cald deu the quhilk fallis in mysty vapours and syne it fresis on the eird.
hoar withy n. the White-beam, Pyrus Aria.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > whitebeam > [noun]
whitebeam1633
whip-beam1733
beam-tree1800
hoar withy1879
service-berry1890
1879 J. Britten & R. Holland Dict. Eng. Plant-names Hoar Withy, Pyrus Aria, Hants., from the white under-surface of the leaves.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
† hoarv.
Obsolete.
1.
a. intransitive. To become hoary or grey-haired.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > hair > colour of hair > [verb (intransitive)] > grey
hoara1000
grey1615
grizzle1875
a1000 Malchus in Shrine (Cockayne) 39 Þæt ic þa sceolde wesan ceorl on hariendum heafde.
c1000 Ælfric Gram. (Z.) xxvi. 154 Caneo, ic harige.
13.. K. Alis. 1597 His berd schal hore, his folk schal sterve.
a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 48 Help me, Lord, er þen ich hore.
1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) v. lxvi. 184 The heer of the temples hooryth sooner than the other heer.
b. figurative. To grow old; to become inveterate.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > source or principle of life > age > old age > be or seem old [verb (intransitive)] > grow old
oldeOE
eldc1175
to fall in (also to) agea1398
forlive1398
hoara1420
runa1425
age1440
veterate1623
senesce1656
olden1700
wane1821
to get on in years1822
senilize1841
the world > time > relative time > the past > oldness or ancientness > [verb (intransitive)] > become old
foroldc900
hoara1420
a1420 T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum 2808 Correcte it..while that it is grene, For and it hore, this londe is but loste.
2. To become mouldy.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > deteriorate in condition [verb (intransitive)] > become mouldy or musty
vinnyOE
moul?c1225
mould1530
foisty1572
hoar1573
milder1592
musty1631
to grow whiskers1977
the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > dirtiness > corruption or putridness > become corrupt or putrid [verb (intransitive)] > become musty or mouldy
vinnyOE
moul?c1225
mould1530
must1530
foisty1572
hoar1573
musty1631
mildew1651
to grow whiskers1977
1573 Treat. Arte of Limming 7 To have your ynke to continue longe, and not to hore, put therein baysalte.
1597 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet ii. iii. 125 An olde hare hore, and an olde hare hore is verie good meate in Lent: But a hare thats hoare is too much for a score, if it hore ere it be spent. View more context for this quotation
1750 W. Ellis Country Housewife's Family Compan. 22 If Bread is kept in too moist a Place too long, it will rope, or hoar, or mould.
3. transitive. To make hoary or white, to whiten. In quot. a1616, To smite with hoar-leprosy.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > hair > colour of hair > [verb (transitive)] > white
frost1596
frostbite?1605
hoar1605
snow1605
the world > matter > colour > named colours > white or whiteness > whitening > make white [verb (transitive)]
whiteOE
emblanch1393
blank1484
whiten1552
frost1596
albify1599
frostbite?1605
hoar1605
dealbate1623
impearl1640
marble1658
bewhite1678
whiten1699
rewhiten1725
bewhiten1810
ermine1825
powder1890
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > afflict with or cause a skin disorder [verb (transitive)] > elephantiasis
hoar1605
1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. iii. 86 Hills hoard with eternall Snowes.
1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. i. 331 Heau'n..hoares her head with Snowes.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) iv. iii. 155 Hoare the Flamen, That scold'st against the quality of flesh. View more context for this quotation
1747 Gentleman's Mag. May 242/2 Hoar'd with stiff'ning frosts.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online March 2021).
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adj.n.OE
v.a1000