heavev.

Brit.

/hiːv/, U.S.

/hiv/

Inflections: Past tense and participle heaved

/hiːvd/, hove

/həʊv/;

Forms: 1. Present stem. Old English hæbban, Old English hebban, Middle English hebbe, Middle English hebben, Middle English hefe, Middle English hefen, Middle English–1500s heve, Middle English–1500s heven, 1500s– heave; also Middle English heeve, Middle English heff, Middle English heffe, Middle English hefieð (3rd singular indicative), Middle English hefð (3rd singular indicative), Middle English heoven, Middle English–1500s heive (Scottish and northern), 1500s heif (Scottish). α. OE Beowulf 656 Ic hond ond rond hebban mihte.a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Nero) (1952) 131 Uorto hebben up hire þreo uingres.1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (1724) 17 Þat an oþer hit scholde hebbe vn neþe.1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (1724) 455 Our [= your] herten hebbeþ vp.c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 1248 Sche gan þo hebbe & pynge.β. c1000 Ags. Ps. (1835) lxxiii. 4 [lxxiv. 3] Hefe þu þine handa.c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 11865 He wile hemm hefenn upp.?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 27 Wenne þe preost heueð vp godes licome.c1230 Hali Meid. 25 Þat tu schuldest þin heorte heouen þiderward.a1400 Prymer (St. John's Cambr.) (1891) 65 Hefeth up ȝoure handes.c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1346 & heuen hit vp al hole.c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 472 Þy self in heuen ouer hyȝ þou heue. 2. Past tense.

α. Old English–Middle English hóf, Middle English hoef, Middle English hofen, Middle English hoif, Middle English hoven, Middle English huven, Middle English– hove, 1500s huif (Scottish), 1500s huve. c1000 Ags. Ps. (1835) cxxii[i] 1 To ðe ic mine eagan hof.a1300 Cursor Mundi 28240 Childir þat ic houe o funt.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 11114 Þis ilk was ion..þat efterward hof [Gött. hoif] iesu crist.c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 5259 [He] hof vp his hond.1786 S. Henley tr. W. Beckford Arabian Tale 162 The surface hove up, into heaps.1872 J. S. Blackie Lays of Highlands 16 His prayerful hands he hove. [See also senses [see 20]. , [see 21]. .]

β. Middle English hæf, Middle English heaf, Middle English heef, Middle English hef, Middle English heof, Middle English heve; plural Middle English hefven, Middle English heoven, Middle English heven, Middle English hevyn. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 35 He..hef his honde.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 11575 Heo..hefuen hine to kinge.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 8239 Aldolf..hæf [c1300 Otho hefde] hæhȝe his sweord.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 958 He..him grimliche heaf [c1300 Otho heof].c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Cambr.) i. pr. i. 2 She hef hyr heued heyere.13.. Minor Poems fr. Vernon MS. liii. 262 Þen Susan..Heef hir hondus on hiȝ.c1420 Chron. Vilod. 640 Þey..hevyn up þe ston.

γ. Middle English haf, Middle English have. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 17913 Quen i haf [Trin. Cambr. heef; c1460 Laud haue] þat sacles.c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 1570 And Arcita anoon his hand vp haf.c1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode (1869) iii. i. 138 She haf it hye to hire tunge.c1460 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Laud) l. 10479 She hafe [a1400 Trin. Cambr. heef; Vesp., Gött. lift] hir hondes vp.

δ. Old English hefde, Middle English hevede, Middle English–1500s heved, 1500s– heaved; also Scottish Middle English hewid, Middle English hewit, Middle English heyffyt, Middle English heywit, 1500s huit. c1000 Ælfric Genesis xlviii. 14 He hefde þa his swiþran hand ofer Ephraimes heafod.c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 111 He dranc..and þarfore heuede siðen up þat heued.c1480 (a1400) St. Katherine 350 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 452 Þane hewid scho wpe bath hir handis.1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) xii. l. 544 Thai..Heyffyt wp thar handis.1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) xvii. 392 He..heved his handes.

ε. 1500s heft, 1500s hefte. 15.. How marchande did his wyfe betray 42 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. I. 198 Tho..He heft hyt in hys purs.1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. xi. sig. L4^v His raging blade he hefte.1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. iii. sig. C4^v The other halfe..Cambell fiercely reft, And backe at him it heft [rhyme cleft].

3. Past participle.

α. Old English hæfen, Old English hafen. OE Cynewulf Crist II 651 He wæs upp hafen engla fæðmum in his þamiclan meahta spede, heah ond halig, ofer heofona þrym.OE Andreas (1932) 1155 Þa wæs wop hæfen in wera burgum, hlud heriges cyrm.

β. Middle English hofen, Middle English hovin, Middle English hovun, Middle English hovyn, Middle English ihove, Middle English–1800s hoven, Middle English– hove. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 167 Hie þis dai was houen in to heuene.1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 55 (Mätz.) Ȝyf a man have hove a chylde.1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Gen. xxiv. 63 Whan he had houun vp the eyen.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 17962 Houen [Vesp. Hofen; c1460 Laud hovyn] sal he be in flom iordane.1599 Master Broughtons Lett. Answered ii. 8 You are so houen and lifted vp.1787 G. Winter New Syst. Husbandry 162 To be hove out of the ground.1853 C. C. Felton Familiar Lett. (1865) i. 3 The ship was hoven to.

γ. Middle English heven. a1300 E.E. Psalter xii. 3 [xiii. 2] When sal mi fa heven over me be?

δ. Old English hefod, Middle English efed, Middle English heved, Middle English hevyd, Middle English hewede, Middle English heywit (Scottish), Middle English iheved, 1500s heyved, 1500s– heaved, 1600s heft. c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. xxxvi. §2 Siððon þu ofer þone bist ahefod.c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 111 Ure helende þe was þis dai heued on hegh.1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Gen. xiii. 10 His eyen heued vp.c1480 (a1400) St. Mary Magdalen 926 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 282 Fand þe magdelane..he [high] heywit vpe with angel hand.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: A Common Germanic strong verb: Old English hębban (hęfþ), hóf, hafen (hæfen) = Old Frisian heva, hôf, heven (hevet), Old Saxon hębbian (hęffian), hof (huof), haban (Middle Low German heven, hov, hafen, Low German hefen, heffen, hôf, hafen, Middle Dutch heffen, hoef (hief, huef), gehaven, geheven, Dutch heffen, hief, geheven), Old High German hęffen (hęvit), huob, haban (hapan) (Middle High German heben (heven, hefen), huop, huoben, gehaben, also hebte, gehebt, modern German heben, hob, gehoben), Old Norse hefja, hóf, hafenn (Swedish häfva, hof, häfwen, and häfde, häfd, Danish hæve, hævde, hævd), Gothic hafjan, hôf, hafans < Old Germanic *hafjan, hôf (plural hôƀun), haƀano-, corresponding to Latin capĕre, capio, to take. Originally belonging to the same ablaut-series as shake, shave, but subsequently affected by many changes. The present stem hafj- had originally a formative j (= Latin -i- in capio), which caused umlaut of the stem vowel, giving Old English ę, Middle English e, lengthened by position to ê, ea. The West Germanic gemination of fj, giving bb in Old Saxon and Old English, affected all parts of the present stem, except 2nd and 3rd singular present indicative and singular imperative, giving hębbe, hębbað, hębban, hębbende, beside hęfest, hęfeþ, hęfe. In Middle English the bb forms were retained (in the south) till 14th cent., but were at length everywhere reduced by levelling to f (later v). The past tense hóf came down as hove; but in Middle English this was largely displaced by a type hæf, heaf, hêf, hêve, and another haf, have, both of which survived till 15th cent. The Old English past participle hafen was by the 12th cent. abandoned for hofen (later hoven, hove), with o from the past tense; there are also traces of heven (compare Old Frisian and Dutch). But, beside these strong inflections, there appeared also in late Old English (as in some of the other languages) weak inflections hefde, hefod; these gained ground in Middle English, and especially in modern English, in which heaved is now the general form, though hove remains in certain uses. The original sense, as evidenced by various derivatives, as well as by Latin capĕre, was ‘take’, whence, through ‘take up’, came that of ‘lift, raise’, already developed in Common Germanic. The close correspondence to Latin is seen in comparing capio, capis, capit, capiunt with Old Germanic *hafjô, hafis, hafiþ, hafjanð, Old Low German hebbiu, heƀis, heƀið, hebbiað, Old English hębbe, hęfes(t), hęfeþ, hębbað. Since heave is thus certainly cognate with capĕre, it must be originally quite distinct fromhave, if the latter is = Latin habēre. The two verbs however come close together in various forms in most of the languages, and their derivatives have probably influenced each other, so that it is difficult in some instances to know whether these belong to hafjan ‘heave’ or haƀên ‘have’.

Signification.

I. Transitive senses.

1. To lift, raise, bear up. (Often with up.)

a. Formerly in general sense; now only archaic or dialect.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > raising > make to go up or cause to rise [verb (transitive)] > raise

heave971

hevenOE

onheaveOE

rearOE

highOE

arearc1175

to set above (also aloft, high, on high)c1275

upbraidc1275

to set upc1290

lifta1300

upheavea1300

upraisea1300

upreara1300

enhancec1300

araise1303

hance1303

uplifta1340

lift1362

raisec1384

upbear1390

uphancec1390

advancea1393

haut?a1400

to put upa1400

verec1400

hainc1440

inhigh1483

elevate1497

uphigh1513

alifta1522

height1530

heighten1530

exalt1535

extol1549

sublevate1559

rouse?1567

attol1578

elate1578

vaunce1582

dight1590

higher1592

tower1596

to fetch up1612

relevate1620

screwa1625

transcend1635

stilt1649

allevate1696

stiltify1860

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > raising > make to go up or cause to rise [verb (transitive)] > hoist

heave971

lifta1300

to set upa1300

lift1362

raisec1384

weigh1421

horsea1500

hawsec1500

heeze1513

hoise1548

hoist1548

wind1577

to work upc1610

hist1707

971 Blickl. Hom. 149 Hie hofan þa bære.

c1000 Ælfric Homilies I. 516 Þæt hi ðe healdon, and on heora handum hebban.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 16705 All swa se moysæs. Hof upp þe neddre i wesste.

a1350 Childh. Jesus 102 (Mätz.) Josep..of þat best þat heo sat on Softeliche haf hire adoun.

1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Gen. xiii. 14 Heue vp thin eyen.

c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 552 Ther was no dore that he noolde heue of harre.

1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur xxi. iv He swouned ofte tymes, and syr Lucan..and syr Bedwere oftymes heue hym vp.

1493 Festivall (1515) 6 b Heve up thy heed, & be mery.

1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene vi. viii. sig. Ff4 His hand was heaued vp on hight.

1639 E. Spenser in Lismore Papers (1888) 2nd Ser. IV. 75 He heaved vp his sticke with an intent..to haue strooken me.

1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 197 How could I once look up, or heave the head.

1712 J. James tr. A.-J. Dézallier d'Argenville Theory & Pract. Gardening 174 Moles..do a great deal of Mischief to the young Plants, in heaving the Earth.

1717 A. Pope Fable of Dryope in Wks. 277 Her trembling hand she heaves To rend her hair.

1803 T. Beddoes Hygëia III. x. 63 It pitched him between two walls, so close that he could not heave an arm.

1855 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Yorks. Words 81 To Heave the Hand, to bestow charity in mites, amounting to little more than..the mere motion of the hand in the act.

b. In modern use: To lift with exertion (something heavy); to raise with effort or force; to hoist.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > raising > make to go up or cause to rise [verb (transitive)] > lift or take up > lift with force

heave1715

heave-ho1964

1715 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad I. ii. 250 Murm'ring they move, as when old Ocean roars, And heaves huge Surges to the trembling Shores.

1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §98 Our boat, which the seamen were heaving into the sloop, filled with water.

1863 A. C. Ramsay Physical Geol. & Geogr. Great Brit. (1878) xv. 236 For a space they have been heaved nearly on end.

1866 C. Kingsley Hereward the Wake I. xix. 346 Who heaved up a long twybill, or double axe.

c. absol.

ΚΠ

1595 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 v. vii. 23 This shoulder was ordaind so thicke to heaue.

1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 500 When they [sc. moles] heaue, they doe it more for meate then for breath.

2. transferred and figurative. To raise.

a. In various figurative senses directly related to 1.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > excitement > pleasurable excitement > affect with pleasurable excitement [verb (transitive)]

extol1526

exalta1533

pauchtc1602

elevate1634

heave1863

OE Exodus 575 Hofon hereþreatas hlude stefne, for þam dædweorce drihten heredon, weras wuldres sang.

c1000 Ags. Ps. (1835) xxiv. [xxv.] 1 To ðe ic hæbbe..min mod.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 5627 Scottes huuen up muchelne ræm.

a1375 Lay Folks Mass Bk. App. iv. 552 Hef up ȝor hertes in-to heuen.

a1400–50 Alexander 3014 Ser Dary..Heuyd vp a huge ost.

c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 314 Man to god wordez schulde heue.

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. giiii It is so vyolente, that it heueth and lyfteth vp, the spyrite to God.

1824 W. Irving Tales of Traveller II. 12 The resolution..heaved a load from off my heart.

1863 W. Phillips Speeches 28 Strong political excitement..heaves a whole nation on to a higher platform of intellect and morality.

†b. To raise, exalt, lift up, elevate (in feeling, dignity, station, etc.); to extol. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > majesty, glory, or grandeur > exaltation or glorification > exalt or glorify [verb (transitive)]

heavec825

higheOE

brightenOE

clarifya1340

glorifya1340

enhancec1374

stellifyc1384

biga1400

exalt?a1400

raisea1400

shrinea1400

to bear up?a1425

enhighc1440

erect?a1475

assumec1503

amount1523

dignifya1530

to set up1535

extol1545

enthronize1547

augment1567

sublimate?1567

sublime1568

assumptc1571

begoda1576

royalize1589

suscitate1598

swell1601

consecrate1605

realize1611

reara1616

sphere1615

ingreata1620

superexalta1626

soara1627

ascend1628

rise1628

embroider1629

apotheose1632

grandize1640

engreaten1641

engrandizea1652

mount1651

intronificate1653

magnificent1656

superposit1661

grandify1665

heroify1677

apotheosize1695

enthrone1699

aggrandize1702

pantheonize1801

hoist1814

princify1847

queen1880

heroize1887

c825 Vesp. Psalter xcviii[i]. 9 Hebbað up dryhten god urne.

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 213 He hefieð his lichame, and heneð his soule.

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 123 Ha schal..halden hire stille. & swa heouen hire seoluen buuen hire seoluen.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 11569 We scullen..hebben hine to kinge.

a1300 K. Horn 1267 Þu me to kniȝt houe.

a1400–50 Alexander 3290 Oure lord..heues him to welthis.

1530 Myroure Oure Ladye (Fawkes) (1873) ii. 290 Lorde thou art..heyued aboue all thynges wythouten ende.

1581 G. Pettie tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. (1586) i. 43 b Ambition..heaveth those that followe it to the high degree of dignitie and honour.

1596 Bp. W. Barlow tr. L. Lavater Three Christian Serm. i. 127 Rich men, who..haue bene houen and lifted vp with their heapes of riches.

1641 J. Milton Reason Church-govt. 20 For the prevention of growing schisme the Bishop was heav'd above the Presbyter.

†c. To set up, erect, institute. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 16840 Þeȝȝ..hofenn þurrh hemm sellfenn upp..Settnessess.

†3.

a. spec. To lift (a child) from the font (formerly the duty of a sponsor at baptism); to stand sponsor to; hence transferred to baptize, christen. Obsolete. (German ein kind aus der taufe heben, medieval Latin levare de sacro fonte.)

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > sacrament > baptism > baptize [verb (transitive)] > sponsor

answereOE

heavec1175

to fang toc1420

gossipa1616

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 10881 Wha se shall i crisstenndom. Beon hofenn upp.

1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 9698 Ȝe þat chyldryn heue, Ȝe shul nat forȝete ne leue, To teche hyt paternoster and crede.

1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 3126 When he was hoven at funtstane.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 168 Of baptist seynt Ioan þat ihesus hoef in flume Iordan.

1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. cxii. 94 Edelwold..prayd hym to heue a sone of his at fontstone.

1535 D. Lindsay Satyre 781 Wee mon all thrie change our names. Hayif me, and I sall baptize thee.

1571 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xxviii. 39 Hammiltoun he me huif..Ane sorie Surname.

†b. transferred. To present for confirmation. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

c1315 Shoreham 18 Hym selve no man hebbe schel To the bischoppynge..That hi ne hebbe hare oȝe child.

†4.

a. To lift and take away, carry off, remove, convey. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > transference > [verb (transitive)] > convey or transport > off or away

atbearOE

reavec1175

heavea1240

ravishc1330

reachc1330

outbeara1400

trussa1400

remove1459

withberec1500

rapt1571

rear1596

rap1599

to carry off1684

a1240 Lofsong in Cott. Hom. 205 Summe tide ich habbe iheued of oðer monnes mid woh and mid unriht.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 153 Flemmynges..were ihoue þennes and i-putte to Hauerforde.

c1440 York Myst. xxx. 134 Heue me fro hyne.

a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) ii. sig. Hh3 Thy words..had almost heaued me Quite from my selfe.

1619 M. Drayton Barons Warres v. lii, in Poems (rev. ed.) 73 His onely Daughter, whom (through false Pretext) Stephen, Earle of Bulloyn, from the Kingdome heaues.

1649 J. Milton Observations in Articles of Peace with Irish Rebels 55 Since their heaving out the Prelats to heave in themselves, they devise new wayes [etc.].

a1657 G. Daniel Trinarchodia: Henry IV cclxxxvi, in Poems (1878) IV. 72 To arrogate all Ill, They heave the Peerage; for that Pale throwne downe In breakes the Herd, to the vnfenced Crowne.

†b. Thieves' Cant. To ‘lift’, to rob. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > rob [verb (transitive)]

reaveeOE

benima1325

berob1340

pelfa1400

distress1490

derob1546

heave1567

shrive1630

strubc1680

spung1719

to do over1785

strong-arm1896

make1926

heist1930

to take off1937

to knock off1960

1567 T. Harman Caueat for Commen Cursetors (new ed.) sig. Giii^v To heue abough. to robbe or ryfle a boewethe.

1609 T. Dekker Lanthorne & Candle-light sig. C3^v If we heaue [1608 haue] a booth we cly the Ierke.

1673 R. Head Canting Acad. 39 Heave a booth, to rob an house.

1673 R. Head Canting Acad. 78 They will not stick to heave a Booth; that is rob a Booth at a Fair.

1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew

c. Mining and Geology. To move away or displace (a vein or stratum): said of another vein or stratum intersecting it.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > movement of material > [verb (transitive)] > manner

heave1728

saltate1961

1728 F. Nicholls in Philos. Trans. 1727–8 (Royal Soc.) 35 403 The Load is frequently intercepted by the crossing of a Vein of Earth, or Stone..one Part of the Load is moved a considerable Distance to one Side..the Part of the Load which is moved, is, in their Terms, said to be heaved.

1758 W. Borlase Nat. Hist. Cornwall ix. 157 Guessing..that the lode is heaved, or more properly speaking, started.

1815 W. Phillips Outl. Mineral. & Geol. (1818) 163 North and south veins..always divide tin or copper veins, and generally alter their course; or in the language of the miner, heave them out of their place.

1884 J. Prestwich Geol. I. 318 The ‘cross-courses’..are of later date than the veins which they frequently displace or heave.

†5. figurative. To ‘move’; to rouse the feelings of, agitate; to urge, press. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > quality of affecting the emotions > affect with emotion [verb (transitive)]

rineOE

afaite?c1225

stir?c1225

movea1325

amovec1380

inspire1390

commove1393

informa1398

toucha1400

embracec1430

rore1481

alter1529

to carry away?1529

raise1533

removea1540

heavec1540

affect?1548

carry1570

inmove1583

infecta1586

worka1616

unthaw1699

emove1835

emotionize1855

emotion1875

the mind > emotion > excitement > exciting > excite [verb (transitive)]

astirc1000

stir?c1225

araisec1374

entalentc1374

flamec1380

reara1382

raisec1384

commove1393

kindlea1400

fluster1422

esmove1474

talent1486

heavec1540

erect?1555

inflame1560

to set on gog1560

yark1565

tickle1567

flesh1573

concitate1574

rouse1574

warmc1580

agitate1587

spirit1598

suscitate1598

fermentate1599

nettle1599

startle1602

worka1616

exagitate1621

foment1621

flush1633

exacuatea1637

ferment1667

to work up1681

pique1697

electrify1748

rattle1781

pump1791

to touch up1796

excite1821

to key up1835

to steam up1909

jazz1916

steam1922

volt1930

whee1949

to fire up1976

geek1984

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 8962 Hit heuet hym hogely of þat hard chaunce.

1607 M. Drayton Legend Cromwel 37 The King to marry forward still I heaue.

6. To cause to swell up or bulge out; to swell.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > expansion or enlargement > expand or enlarge [verb (transitive)] > distend > swell

swella1400

puffc1460

embossc1475

extend1481

heave1573

ball1593

tympanize1593

tumefy1597

hove1601

bladder1610

buzzlea1634

burly1635

inflatea1705

bumfle1832

1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 45^v Tom Pyeper, hath houen and puffed vp cheekes, if cheese be so houen, make Cis to seeke creekes.

1621 H. Ainsworth Annot. Five Bks. Moses & Bk. Psalmes Lev. vi. 21 So fried that it may be hoven as with bubbles.

1730 J. Thomson Autumn in Seasons 168 Glittering, finny swarms, That heave our friths, and croud upon our shores.

1808 Trans. Soc. Arts 26 p. vii Cattle hoven or swollen by this disorder.

a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) at Hoven Cattle are hoven by eating too much green clover in a moist state..Turnips are hoven by rank and rapid growth in a strong wet soil.

7. To cause to rise in repeated efforts.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > move to and fro or up and down [verb (transitive)] > cause to rise and fall or undulate

enwave1610

heave1612

undulate1669

fluctuate1850

oozle1934

1612 J. Taylor Wks. (1872) Introd. 12 The surges up and down did heave us.

1721 E. Young Revenge i. i O what a doubtful torment heaves my heart!

1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake ii. 88 The death-pangs of long-cherished hope..Convulsive heaved its chequered shroud.

1832 H. T. De la Beche Geol. Man. (ed. 2) ii. 111 The water was observed..to be heaved up and agitated.

1836 J. Gilbert Christian Atonem. iii. 114 When pity is heaving his bosom with emotion.

1864 S. B. Warner Old Helmet I. xi. 201 The swelling tide of thought and emotion which heaved the whole assembly.

8. To utter (a groan, sigh, or sob; rarely, words) with effort, or with a deep breath which causes the chest to heave; to ‘fetch’.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > sighing > sigh [verb (intransitive)]

sichec893

sikec1175

sigh1377

to sigh unsound?a1400

sightc1450

sithec1450

throb1557

to break a sigh1765

heave1820

sock1863

1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear xvii. 26 Once or twice she heau'd the name of father, Pantingly forth.

a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) ii. i. 36 The wretched annimall heau'd forth such groanes.

a1718 M. Prior Poems Several Occasions (1723) II. 11 Heave thou no sigh, nor shed a tear.

1820 W. Irving Sketch Bk. I. 343 He heaved a deep sigh.

1824 S. Ferrier Inheritance II. xxi. 228 ‘Miss Pratt!’ heaved the Earl.

intransitive for passive.1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel I. 166 Thy sigh soon heaves, thy tears soon start.

9. To throw, cast, fling, toss, hurl (esp. something heavy, that is lifted and thrown with effort). Now only Nautical and colloquial.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > impelling or driving > projecting through space or throwing > throw [verb (transitive)] > heavily or clumsily

heavea1592

lob1847

a1592 R. Greene Orpharion (1599) 41 The Pirats had heaued me ouer boord.

1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. iii. sig. C4^v The other halfe [of the spear]..Out of his headpeece Cambell fiercely reft, And with such furie backe at him it heft .

1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. ix. 44 He that doth heaue this lead..doth sing fadome by the marke.

1663 B. Gerbier Counsel to Builders 57 There is..so much Stone heaved thereon.

1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World ii. 127 They hove over their Grapling in five Fathom Water.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Heave, at Sea, signifies to throw away, or fling any Thing over-board.

1744 M. Bishop Life Matthew Bishop xxvi. 248 The Captain..by heaving the Lead found us to be but three Fathom Water.

1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) Heave, to pour corn from the scuttle before the wind instead of cleansing it by the fan.

1833 M. Scott Tom Cringle's Log II. iii. 89 With a swing he hove the leathern noose at the skipper, and whipped it over his neck.

1834 F. Marryat Peter Simple I. xiv. 213 The body..was hove overboard.

1863 C. Kingsley Water-babies i. 5 Tom was just hiding behind a wall, to heave half a brick at his horse's legs.

10. Nautical. To haul up or raise by means of a rope; and, more generally, to haul, pull, draw with a rope or cable; to haul a cable; to weigh (anchor); to unfurl (a flag or sail; also, to heave out); to cause (a ship) to move in some direction, as by hauling at a rope (e.g. at the anchor-cable when she is aground, or at the sail-ropes so as to set the sails to the wind).

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > other nautical operations > [verb (intransitive)] > work ropes or cables in specific way

windc1550

heave1626

to round up1766

to veer and haul1769

to freshen the nip1807

single1900

swig1917

society > travel > travel by water > other nautical operations > [verb (transitive)] > work ropes or cables in specific ways

windc1550

veer1590

veer1604

rousea1625

heave1626

overhaul1626

ease1627

pay1627

reeve1627

unbend1627

to come up1685

overhale1692

to pay away1769

surge1769

render1777

to pay out1793

to round down1793

to set upon ——1793

swig1794

veer1806

snake1815

to side out for a bend1831

rack1841

snub1841

1626 J. Smith Accidence Young Sea-men 27 Heaue out your top-sayles, haule your sheates.

1633 T. James Strange Voy. 95 We heau'd home our Anker.

1692 Smith's Sea-mans Gram. (new ed.) i. xvi. 77 To heave out the Flag, is to wrap it about the Staff.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis v, in tr. Virgil Wks. 335 With Iron Poles they heave her off the Shores.

1711 W. Sutherland Ship-builders Assistant 161 To Heave, to hale or pull by turning round the Capstan.

1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. i. 112 The capstan was so weakly manned, that it was near four hours before we hove the cable right up and down.

1779 T. Forrest Voy. New Guinea 365 On the 23d, got a hauser..and hove the vessel off the ground.

1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Heaving astern, causing a ship to recede or go backwards, by heaving on a cable or other rope fastened to some fixed point behind her. This more immediately applies to drawing a vessel off a shoal.

1893 W. T. Wawn S. Sea Islanders 5 The anchor was hove up for good.

absolute.1840 F. Marryat Poor Jack xxvii. 184 We hove up [the anchor] and made sail.1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. II. xvi. 176 Poor fellows not yet accustomed to heave together.1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Heave and rally, an encouraging order to the men at the capstan to heave with spirit, with a rush, and thereby force the anchor out of the ground.1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Heaving in, shortening in the cable.

II. Intransitive senses.

†11. To remove, shift to another place. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 13721 Þa hæf [c1300 Otho heaf] þat fiht of þan studen þer heo ær fuhten.

†12. To be moved or agitated in mind; to feel vexation. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being upset or perturbed > be upset or perturbed [verb (intransitive)]

sweata1400

ail1485

toss1517

heavec1540

seethe1609

to be in a way1855

stew1917

the mind > emotion > suffering > state of annoyance or vexation > be annoyed or vexed [verb (intransitive)]

gramea1225

aruea1230

irkc1330

teena1400

it irks (me)1483

heavec1540

vex1592

chagrin1728

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 12815 Hir hade leuer haue lost all hir lond hole..Thus heuet þat hynd to hir hede lord.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 13426 Pirrus heivet in hert for his hegh chaunse, And myche dut hym for deth of his derf graunser.

13.

a. To rise, mount, come up, spring up. Now Obsolete except in spec. uses: see following senses.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > rise or go up [verb (intransitive)]

styc825

astyc950

ariseOE

upstyOE

to step upOE

upcomec1000

to come upOE

to go upOE

upwendc1200

runge?c1225

amountc1275

upgoa1325

heavec1325

uparise1340

ascend1382

higha1393

lifta1400

risea1400

skilla1400

uprisea1400

raisec1400

rearc1400

surmount1430

to get upc1450

transcenda1513

springa1525

upmounta1560

assurge?1567

hove1590

surgea1591

tower1618

hoist1647

upheave1649

to draw up1672

spire1680

insurrect1694

soar1697

upsoar1726

uprear1828

higher1889

c1325 Body & Soul 252 in Map's Poems (Camd.) 343/1 The hed haf up and the swire.

c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Dido. 1196 And vp-on courseris..Hire ȝonge knyghtis houyn al a-boute.

c1420 Pallad. on Husb. x. 75 Out of molde er colde eek must hit heuen.

a1642 J. Suckling Goblins iv. 38 in Fragmenta Aurea (1646) Pox on that noise, he's earth't, Prethee let's watch him and see Whether hee'le heave agen.

1726 W. Broome in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey V. xxiii. 194 The huge trunc rose, and heav'd into the sky.

1807 J. Barlow Columbiad ii. 72 And temples heave, magnificently great.

1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. xxxii. 279 This ice seems to heave up slowly against the sky.

b. heave and set: to rise and fall, as a floating object upon the waves.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [verb (intransitive)] > rise and fall

lifta1400

heave and set1509

surge1511

loom1605

senda1625

pitcha1687

tittup1881

1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure xxi. i Quadrant it was, and did heve and sette At every storme whan the wind was great.

a1661 B. Holyday tr. Juvenal Satyres (1673) 232 Sometimes the one end..sometimes the other..is mounted-up by the waves; and this is called the heaving and setting of a ship.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) When a Ship, being at Anchor, rises and falls by the Force of the Waves, she is also said to Heave and set.

1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk.

14. To rise above the general surface, or expand beyond the ordinary size; to swell up, bulge out.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > expansion or enlargement > expand or enlarge [verb (intransitive)] > distend > swell

swellOE

to-swellc1000

bolnec1325

pluma1398

bladderc1440

boldena1510

to bulk1551

hove1590

tympanize1607

outswell1612

tumefy1615

extuberate1623

heave1629

blister1644

puff1648

huff1656

intumesce1794

pluff1831

balloon1841

turgesce1864

tumesce1966

the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > protuberance or rounded projection > be or become protuberant [verb (intransitive)]

struta1300

bouge1398

embossc1430

bagc1440

bossc1449

bunch1495

bump1566

boin1567

protuberate1578

pagglea1592

bulch1611

extuberate1623

belly1627

heave1629

bulge1679

swell1679

bud1684

pod1806

bilge1849–52

sag1853

knucklec1862

poocha1903

1629 J. Gaule Distractions 94 Marke how he heaves, as though hee almost scorn'd to tread.

1650 H. Vaughan Silex Scintillans 54 True hearts spread, and heave Unto their God.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals x, in tr. Virgil Wks. 48 Alders, in the Spring, their Boles extend; And heave so fiercely, that their Bark they rend.

1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 127. ¶2 Their Petticoats, which began to heave and swell before you left us, are now blown up into a most enormous Concave.

1751 T. Gray Elegy iv. 6 That yew-tree's shade, Where heaves the turf in many a mould'ring heap.

1850 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 11 i. 152 It [cheese] is too strong-tasted, and inclined to heave, or get hollow and full of eyes.

15. To rise with alternate falling, as waves, or an object floating on them, the breast in deep breathing, etc. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > move to and fro or up and down [verb (intransitive)] > rise and fall

heave1627

fluctuate1656

1627 J. Taylor Armado sig. A7 Ships doe wallow and heaue and set vpon the Sea.

1713 J. Addison Cato iii. ii My blood runs cold, my heart forgets to heave.

1739 J. Wesley Jrnl. 2 May in Extract of Jrnl. (1742) 44 His Breast heaving at the same Time, as in the Pangs of Death.

1827–35 N. P. Willis Confessional 3 When heaved the long and sullen sea.

1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam xi. 17 Dead calm in that noble breast Which heaves but with the heaving deep.

1856 A. P. Stanley Sinai & Palestine (1858) ii. 124 They actually heave and labour with the fiery convulsions that glow beneath their surface.

1884 Expositor Mar. 207 The dangerous forces in a community which heaved with discontent.

16. To draw in the breath with effort; to pant, gasp.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disordered breathing > have or cause breathing disorder [verb (intransitive)] > become short of breath > pant

fnastc1000

puffc1300

pantc1350

fnesec1386

blowc1440

bluster1530

pech1538

pantlea1626

pank1669

heave1679

fuff1721

pipe1814

huff1881

1679 J. Dryden & N. Lee Oedipus iv. 50 While we fantastick dreamers heave and puff.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 118 He heaves for Breath: which, from his Lungs supply'd, And fetch'd from far, distends his lab'ring side.

1811 W. R. Spencer Poems 21 And horse and horseman heave for breath.

17. To make an effort to vomit, to retch; figurative to feel loathing. Also transitive, to heave the gorge.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > digestive disorders > have digestive disorder [verb (intransitive)] > retch

bolk1495

retch1538

reach1575

heave1601

keck1601

to cast the gorge1614

keckle1619

yesk1664

strain1678

gag?1706

1601 [implied in: P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 62 The sicke heauing of the stomacke. (at heaving n. a)].

1601 [implied in: P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 277 They shall not be sea-sicke nor giuen to heauing, as commonly they be that are at sea. (at heaving n. a)].

a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) ii. i. 233 Her delicate tendernesse will finde it selfe abus'd, beginne to heaue the gorge, disrellish and abhorre the Moore.

1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Heave..4, to keck; to feel a tendency to vomit.

1868 J. C. Atkinson Gloss. Cleveland Dial. Heave and throw, to retch and end by vomiting.

1894 E. Lynn Linton One too Many I. 120 It makes me heave to hear you.

†18.

a. To make an effort to lift or move something; to push or press with force; to put forth effort, endeavour, labour, strive. heave at: to aim at, strive after. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > exert oneself or make an effort [verb (intransitive)] > make physical effort

strain1340

heavec1374

stress1756

c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde ii. 1240 (1289) But þer-on was to heuen and to done.

c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 1248 As sche wolde þe dore to-breke sche gan þo hebbe & pynge.

c1422 T. Hoccleve Jereslaus' Wife 912 The wynd ful sore in the sail bleew & haf.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Matt. xxiii. 4 But they them selues wil not heaue at them with one of their fyngers.

1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 121 It asks some time to heave or pend in, before it actually starts.

1744 E. Young Complaint: Night the Seventh 21 Souls immortal must for ever heave At something Great.

†b. heave at (figurative): to meditate or threaten an attack upon; to take up a position of hostility to; to oppose; to aim at with hostile intent. Obsolete. (Frequent in 17th cent.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (transitive)]

withgo743

to go again ——OE

withsayc1175

again-goc1275

withsitc1300

thwarta1325

to go against ——a1382

counter1382

repugnc1384

adversea1393

craba1400

gainsaya1400

movec1400

overthwart?a1425

to put (also set) one's face againsta1425

traversea1425

contrairc1425

to take again ——c1425

contraryc1430

to take against ——a1450

opposec1485

again-seta1500

gain?a1500

oppone1500

transverse1532

to come up against1535

heave at1546

to be against1549

encounter1549

to set shoulder against1551

to fly in the face of1553

crossc1555

to cross with1590

countermand1592

forstand1599

opposit1600

thorter1608

obviate1609

disputea1616

obstrigillate1623

contradict1632

avert1635

to set one's hand against1635

top1641

militate1642

to come across ——1653

contrariate1656

to cross upon (or on)1661

shock1667

clash1685

rencounter1689

obtend1697

counteract1708

oppugnate1749

retroact?1761

controvert1782

react1795

to set against ——1859

appose-

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > make an attack upon [verb (transitive)] > take hostile measures against

riseOE

raisec1384

heave at1546

to shove at1577

endeavour?1589

to give a lift at1622

attempt1749

to rise upon1816

1546 J. Bale Sel. Wks. (Parker Soc.) 165 John Frith is a great mote in their eyes, for so turning over their purgatory, and heaving at their most monstrous mass or mammetrous mazan, which signifieth bread or feeding.

1592 T. Nashe Pierce Penilesse (Brit. Libr. copy) sig. E2 ^v Hee was spite-blasted, heau'd at, & ill spoken of.

1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. iii. 8 His adversaries heaved at him, to cast him out of his Bishoprick.

1674 P. Walsh Some Quest. Oath Allegiance Pref. Then they shrewdly heav'd at me again.

19. To pull or haul (at a rope, etc.); to push (at the capstan so as to urge it round and haul in the cable); to move the ship in some direction by such means; of the ship, to move or turn in some direction.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [verb (intransitive)] > make progress

enforcec1340

halec1400

to make way1490

heave1626

forge1769

walk1806

1626 J. Smith Accidence Young Sea-men 27 Break ground, or way Anchor, heaue a head.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) To Heave at the Capstain, signifies to turn it about.

1749 Naval Chron. 3 88 Did you observe her heave up in the wind?

1794 D. Steel Elements & Pract. Rigging & Seamanship II. 338 The chaser heaves about as soon as the vessel he is in pursuit of is on his beam.

1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. App. 513 (table) Heaving ahead between an iceberg and a heavy field of ice.

1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Heave about, to go upon the other tack suddenly.

1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Heaving ahead, is the act of advancing or drawing a ship forwards by heaving on a cable or rope made fast to some fixed point before her.

in extended use.1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days ii. vi. 345 Make the most of it; heave ahead, and pitch into me right and left.1881 D. G. Rossetti Ballads & Sonnets (1882) 293 Then one great puff of wings, and the swarm heaves Away with all its din.

III. Phrases.

20.

a. From senses 10, 19: to heave a-peak: see quots. and a-peak adv. to heave (the ship) in stays: to bring her head to the wind in tacking; also intransitive of the ship. to heave short: ‘to heave in on the cable until the vessel is nearly over her anchor’ (Smyth). to heave taut: to heave at the capstan until the cable is taut.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > berthing, mooring, or anchoring > berth, moor, or anchor [verb (intransitive)] > anchor > heave cable taut

to heave taut1726

society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of wind > avail oneself of a wind [verb (intransitive)] > luff or turn to windward > in tacking

turn1589

to turn up1589

to heave (the ship) in stays1726

society > travel > travel by water > berthing, mooring, or anchoring > berth, moor, or anchor [verb (intransitive)] > anchor > shorten cable > until ship is nearly over anchor

to heave short1726

1726 G. Shelvocke Voy. round World ii. 19 Which done, I hove apeak on my anchor.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Peek The Ship being about to weigh, comes over her Anchor, so as the Cable hangs perpendicularly between the Hawse and the Anchor; the bringing of a Ship into which Position they call heaving a-peek.

1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine sig. U3 Heaving-short.

1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine sig. U3 Heaving-taught.

1795 Ld. Nelson 13 Mar. in Dispatches & Lett. (1845) II. 14 At one PM the Frigate hove in stays and got the Ça Ira round..As soon as our after-guns ceased to bear, the Ship was hove in stays.

1832 F. Marryat Newton Forster I. xi. 137 The frigate [was] unmoored, and hove ‘short stay a-peak’.

1839 F. Marryat Phantom Ship II. xviii. 151 They had laid an anchor out astern, and hove taut.

1893 W. T. Wawn S. Sea Islanders 88 Towards sundown, the chain was hove short.

b. heave down v. to turn (a ship) over on one side by means of purchases attached to the masts, for cleaning, repairing, etc.; to careen. (Also intransitive of the ship.) The part thus raised above the water is said to be hove out.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > shipbuilding and repairing > build a ship [verb (transitive)] > repair ship > careen

careen1600

heel1644

heave down1745

1745 P. Thomas True Jrnl. Voy. South-Seas 271 They could not..use it as a Help for heaving down by.

1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson i. v. 55 The Commodore..ordered the Tryal to be hove down.

1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. iii. 140 There are two coves..where ships may conveniently heave down.

1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson iii. vii. 367 They..hove out the first course of the Centurion's starboard side, and had the satisfaction to find, that her bottom appeared sound and good.

1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Transl. French Terms Abbatre un vaisseau, to heave down or careen a ship.

1798 Ld. Nelson 7 Sept. in Dispatches & Lett. (1845) III. 116 The place where large ships heave down.

1836 E. Howard Rattlin liv The ship had been hove down.

c. heave to: to bring the ship to a standstill by setting the sails so as to counteract each other; to make her lie to. (a) transitive with the ship as obj. (b) intransitive or absol.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of sails, spars, or rigging > support (an amount of) sail [verb (intransitive)] > cause to lie to

heave to1775

1775 in Philos. Trans. 1778 (Royal Soc.) (1779) 68 397 Hove the ship to.

1833 M. Scott Tom Cringle's Log II. iv. 128 ‘Shorten sail..and heave the ship to,’ said the Captain.

1884 A. Brassey in Good Words Mar. 163/1 We remained hove-to all the next day.

figurative.1887 R. L. Stevenson Misadv. J. Nicholson iv [He] was at last hove-to, all standing, in a hospital.b.1782 C. Blagden in Philos. Trans. 1781 (Royal Soc.) 71 337 Soon afterwards we hove-to in order to sound.1835 J. Ross Narr. Second Voy. North-west Passage vi. 79 This obliged us to heave to.1860 M. F. Maury Physical Geogr. Sea (ed. 8) xix. §807 Took in fore and mizen top-sails; hove to under close-reefed main top sail and spencer.in extended use.1832 F. Marryat Newton Forster I. iii. 27 We must ‘heave-to’ in our narrative awhile.

21. intransitive (from sense 13) heave in sight: to rise into view, become visible, come in sight, as an object at sea when approaching or approached; hence (colloquial) transferred in general sense.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > visibility > be visible [verb (intransitive)] > appear or become visible > over horizon

rise1769

heave in sight1778

1778 J. Sullivan in J. Sparks Corr. Amer. Revol. (1853) II. 205 Those ships were out of sight yesterday morning, but I hear they afterwards hove in sight again.

1816 ‘Quiz’ Grand Master i. 24 The Table-mountain heaves in sight.

1830 J. Galt Lawrie Todd I. iii. ix. 248 A most tremendous he-bear hove in sight.

1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People v. §1. 223 The great Spanish ships heave in sight, and a furious struggle begins.

1878 R. B. Smith Carthage 103 They hove in sight of the enemy..to the west of the promontory of Ecnomus.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	heave
释义	heaven. Brit. /hiːv/, U.S. /hiv/ Etymology: < heave v. 1. a. An act of heaving, in various senses; a lift; an effort to lift or move something, a push, shove, pressure; a swelling or rising up; rhythmical rising (and falling), as of waves, the breast, etc.; the utterance of a sigh, etc. with a deep breath; an effort to vomit; a throw, cast. heave of the sea: the force exerted by the swell of the sea in quickening, retarding, or altering a vessel's course. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > respiratory organs > breathing > audible breathing > [noun] > sighing sighinga1300 sikinga1300 sikea1325 sichinga1387 sightinga1400 sithingc1450 suspiration?1504 suspiringc1550 heavea1571 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > digestive disorders > [noun] > retching bolking1398 yoking1527 heavea1571 strain1590 reaching1601 straining1613 kecking1709 reach1736 retch1768 retching1771 vomiturition1842 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > raising > [noun] > taking or lifting up > effort to lift heavea1571 the world > movement > impelling or driving > projecting through space or throwing > [noun] > an act of wurpc950 cast1382 sling1530 throw1530 fling1590 pick1627 heave1640 toss1660 the world > space > extension in space > expansion or enlargement > [noun] > distension > swelling or swollenness > swelling up raisinga1425 puffing1495 upswelling1548 uprising1598 heave1833 a1571 J. Jewel On Thess. iv. 6 When his heaves renew, the heat increaseth, his heart panteth. 1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iv. i. 1 There's matters in these sighes, these profound heaues, You must translate. View more context for this quotation 1626 Bp. J. Hall Contempl. VIII. O.T. xx. 171 Iudah was at a sore heaue. 1640 tr. G. S. du Verdier Love & Armes Greeke Princes iii. 188 The Gyant..gave him such twitches, and terrible heaves, that he had..like to have overthrown him. 1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. i. 31 After many strains and heaves, He got up to his saddle eaves. 1684 T. Burnet Theory of Earth ii. 186 Only to have given it an heave at one end, and set it a little to rights again. a1734 R. North Lives of Norths II. 59 Divers heaves were made at the Duke of Lauderdale. 1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Heave..3. Effort to vomit. 1833 C. Sturt Two Exped. Southern Austral. II. 164 [A channel] so narrow that we passed over it between the heaves of the lead. 1836 M. Scott Cruise of Midge i. 16 The vessel rolled about on the heave of the sea. 1877 C. H. Spurgeon Serm. XXIII. 140 It took them a long pull and a great heave to haul the uncomely lump of marble into its place. 1893 R. L. Stevenson Catriona xxiv. 296 There went through me so great a heave of surprise that I was all shook with it. †b. heave and shove: figurative great exertion or effort. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [noun] hightOE workOE business1340 afforcinga1398 enforce1487 effort1490 contention1583 heave and shove1600 luctation1651 struggle1706 pingle1728 exertion1777 bother1823 brainstorming1839 beef1851 go-go-go1934 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. iv. xxv. 155 They obtained at length with much heaue and shoue, that there should be militarie Tribunes chosen. 1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion iv. 56 Mongst Forrests, Hills, and Floods, was ne're such heaue and shoue Since Albion weelded Armes against the sonne of Ioue. c. Wrestling. A chip performed by bringing the right arm round the opponent's right shoulder preparatory to a throw. Cornwall heave, a heave in which a wrestler places one hand in front and one behind his adversary, and falls with him. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > fighting sports > wrestling > [noun] > manoeuvres swengOE turn?c1225 castc1400 trip1412 fall?a1425 foil1553 collar1581 lock1598 faulx1602 fore-hip1602 forward1602 inturn1602 mare1602 hug1617 disembracement1663 buttock1688 throw1698 back-lock1713 cross-buttock1713 flying horse1713 in holds1713 buttocker1823 chip1823 dogfall1823 cross-buttocker1827 hitch1834 bear hug1837 backfall1838 stop1840 armlock1841 side hug1842 click1846 catch-hold1849 back-breaker1867 back-click1867 snap1868 hank1870 nelson1873 headlock1876 chokehold1886 stranglehold1886 hip lock1888 heave1889 strangle1890 pinfall1894 strangler's grip1895 underhold1895 hammer-lock1897 scissor hold1897 body slam1899 scissors hold1899 armbar1901 body scissors1903 scissors grip1904 waist-hold1904 neck hold1905 scissors1909 hipe1914 oshi1940 oshi-dashi1940 oshi-taoshi1940 pindown1948 lift1958 whip1958 Boston crab1961 grapevine1968 powerbomb1990 1889 W. Armstrong Wrestling in W. H. Pollock et al. Fencing (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) 224 The Heave, Cornwall and Devon. 1889 W. Armstrong Wrestling in W. H. Pollock et al. Fencing (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) 230 The principal Cornish and Devon chips are..the Back-heave, the Belly-heave, the Heaving-toe. 1898 Earl of Suffolk et al. Encycl. Sport II. 548/2 One way to stop the heave is to cross click your man and then ply the crossbuttock. 2. Mining and Geology. A horizontal displacement or dislocation of a vein or stratum, at a ‘fault’. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > minerals > mineral deposits > features of stratum or vein > [noun] > obstruction or fault rider1653 fore-stone1668 jamb1721 septuma1728 horse1778 fault1796 heave1802 girdle1819 burnt stuff1852 swine back1883 white horse1886 the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > discontinuity or unconformity > [noun] > fault > slip in horizontal heave1802 strike-slip1913 the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > discontinuity or unconformity > [noun] > fault > other types of fault heave1802 reversed fault1852 reverse fault1865 step-fault1879 ring fracture1881 overfault1883 overlap fault1883 overthrust1883 trough fault1883 thrust1888 thrust-fault1889 offset1897 cross-fault1900 tear-fault1900 distributive fault1904 cross-break1909 slide1910 strike-slip fault1913 rift1921 splay fault1942 wrench fault1951 megashear1954 transform fault1965 transform1971 1802 New Ann. Reg. 1801 Chron. 436/2 The heave of the copper lode is about eighteen or twenty inches to the right, in the language of the Cornish miner. 1874 J. H. Collins Princ. Metal Mining (1875) v. 30 These heaves..are sometimes of great extent, occasionally as much as 70 fathoms. 1882 A. Geikie Text-bk. Geol. (1885) 514 Sections to show the variation of horizontal displacement or Heave of Faults. 1890 Goldfields of Victoria 12 The reefs here have taken a north-west ‘heave’. 3. plural. A disease of horses, in which the breathing is laborious; broken wind. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of horses > [noun] > respiratory disorders wind?1523 pursick1566 pursickness1610 roaring1813 heaves1828 broken wind1831 thick wind1831 whistling1856 1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Heaves. 1837–40 T. C. Haliburton Clockmaker (1862) 86 I blow like a horse that's got the heaves. 1855 T. C. Haliburton Nature & Human Nature II. iv. 122 It gave him the heaves..it made his flanks heave like a blacksmith's bellows. 4. concrete. A raised place; a swelling, an undulation.Apparently an isolated use. ΚΠ 1881 G. MacDonald Warlock o' Glenwarlock i. 14 Crossing a certain heave of grass. Compounds heave-gate n. local a gate which is opened by being lifted out of the sockets or mortises. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > that which or one who closes or shuts > a barrier > [noun] > gate > other types of gate hatchOE leap-gate980 clicket gate?1499 court-gate1540 bar-gate1600 out-gate1648 hatch door1689 six-bar1711 heave-gate1736 farm gate1785 barrier-gate1834 Taranaki gate1937 1736 S. Pegge Alphabet of Kenticisms (1876) Heave-gate, when the rails, with the pales nailed to them, may be taken out of their mortises, and then put in again. 1876 in G. L. Gower Surrey Provincialisms. 1887 I. Randall Lady's Ranche Life Montana 27 Instead of gates out here, they generally have bars, which you have to let down,..like the ‘heave gates’ in Sussex. 1907 ‘J. Halsham’ Lonewood Corner 149 I perched myself on the heave-gate between the two fields. 1959 F. Donaldson Child of Twenties vii. 107 A very easy hunting country, mainly a question of jumping the local Sussex heave-gates and small fences. Draft additions 1993 heave compensator n. Oil Industry a device designed to eliminate the effects of swell on offshore installations. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > oil and natural gas recovery equipment > [noun] > other equipment go-devil1881 well conductor1945 heave compensator1975 1975 Offshore Progress—Technol. & Costs (Shell Internat. Petroleum Co.) 6 The recently developed heave compensator, a hydraulic supporting system located on the rig itself. 1981 Offshore Mar. 120/2 To decrease downtime during drilling in adverse weather a new heave compensator has been designed with an increased length of stroke. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online June 2022). heavev. Brit. /hiːv/, U.S. /hiv/ Inflections: Past tense and participle heaved /hiːvd/, hove /həʊv/; Forms: 1. Present stem. Old English hæbban, Old English hebban, Middle English hebbe, Middle English hebben, Middle English hefe, Middle English hefen, Middle English–1500s heve, Middle English–1500s heven, 1500s– heave; also Middle English heeve, Middle English heff, Middle English heffe, Middle English hefieð (3rd singular indicative), Middle English hefð (3rd singular indicative), Middle English heoven, Middle English–1500s heive (Scottish and northern), 1500s heif (Scottish). α. OE Beowulf 656 Ic hond ond rond hebban mihte.a1250 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Nero) (1952) 131 Uorto hebben up hire þreo uingres.1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (1724) 17 Þat an oþer hit scholde hebbe vn neþe.1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (1724) 455 Our [= your] herten hebbeþ vp.c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 1248 Sche gan þo hebbe & pynge.β. c1000 Ags. Ps. (1835) lxxiii. 4 [lxxiv. 3] Hefe þu þine handa.c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 11865 He wile hemm hefenn upp.?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 27 Wenne þe preost heueð vp godes licome.c1230 Hali Meid. 25 Þat tu schuldest þin heorte heouen þiderward.a1400 Prymer (St. John's Cambr.) (1891) 65 Hefeth up ȝoure handes.c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 1346 & heuen hit vp al hole.c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 472 Þy self in heuen ouer hyȝ þou heue. 2. Past tense. α. Old English–Middle English hóf, Middle English hoef, Middle English hofen, Middle English hoif, Middle English hoven, Middle English huven, Middle English– hove, 1500s huif (Scottish), 1500s huve. c1000 Ags. Ps. (1835) cxxii[i] 1 To ðe ic mine eagan hof.a1300 Cursor Mundi 28240 Childir þat ic houe o funt.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 11114 Þis ilk was ion..þat efterward hof [Gött. hoif] iesu crist.c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 5259 [He] hof vp his hond.1786 S. Henley tr. W. Beckford Arabian Tale 162 The surface hove up, into heaps.1872 J. S. Blackie Lays of Highlands 16 His prayerful hands he hove. [See also senses [see 20]. , [see 21]. .] β. Middle English hæf, Middle English heaf, Middle English heef, Middle English hef, Middle English heof, Middle English heve; plural Middle English hefven, Middle English heoven, Middle English heven, Middle English hevyn. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 35 He..hef his honde.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 11575 Heo..hefuen hine to kinge.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 8239 Aldolf..hæf [c1300 Otho hefde] hæhȝe his sweord.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 958 He..him grimliche heaf [c1300 Otho heof].c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Cambr.) i. pr. i. 2 She hef hyr heued heyere.13.. Minor Poems fr. Vernon MS. liii. 262 Þen Susan..Heef hir hondus on hiȝ.c1420 Chron. Vilod. 640 Þey..hevyn up þe ston. γ. Middle English haf, Middle English have. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 17913 Quen i haf [Trin. Cambr. heef; c1460 Laud haue] þat sacles.c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 1570 And Arcita anoon his hand vp haf.c1430 Pilgr. Lyf Manhode (1869) iii. i. 138 She haf it hye to hire tunge.c1460 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Laud) l. 10479 She hafe [a1400 Trin. Cambr. heef; Vesp., Gött. lift] hir hondes vp. δ. Old English hefde, Middle English hevede, Middle English–1500s heved, 1500s– heaved; also Scottish Middle English hewid, Middle English hewit, Middle English heyffyt, Middle English heywit, 1500s huit. c1000 Ælfric Genesis xlviii. 14 He hefde þa his swiþran hand ofer Ephraimes heafod.c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 111 He dranc..and þarfore heuede siðen up þat heued.c1480 (a1400) St. Katherine 350 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 452 Þane hewid scho wpe bath hir handis.1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) xii. l. 544 Thai..Heyffyt wp thar handis.1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) xvii. 392 He..heved his handes. ε. 1500s heft, 1500s hefte. 15.. How marchande did his wyfe betray 42 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. I. 198 Tho..He heft hyt in hys purs.1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. xi. sig. L4^v His raging blade he hefte.1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. iii. sig. C4^v The other halfe..Cambell fiercely reft, And backe at him it heft [rhyme cleft]. 3. Past participle. α. Old English hæfen, Old English hafen. OE Cynewulf Crist II 651 He wæs upp hafen engla fæðmum in his þamiclan meahta spede, heah ond halig, ofer heofona þrym.OE Andreas (1932) 1155 Þa wæs wop hæfen in wera burgum, hlud heriges cyrm. β. Middle English hofen, Middle English hovin, Middle English hovun, Middle English hovyn, Middle English ihove, Middle English–1800s hoven, Middle English– hove. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 167 Hie þis dai was houen in to heuene.1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 55 (Mätz.) Ȝyf a man have hove a chylde.1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Gen. xxiv. 63 Whan he had houun vp the eyen.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 17962 Houen [Vesp. Hofen; c1460 Laud hovyn] sal he be in flom iordane.1599 Master Broughtons Lett. Answered ii. 8 You are so houen and lifted vp.1787 G. Winter New Syst. Husbandry 162 To be hove out of the ground.1853 C. C. Felton Familiar Lett. (1865) i. 3 The ship was hoven to. γ. Middle English heven. a1300 E.E. Psalter xii. 3 [xiii. 2] When sal mi fa heven over me be? δ. Old English hefod, Middle English efed, Middle English heved, Middle English hevyd, Middle English hewede, Middle English heywit (Scottish), Middle English iheved, 1500s heyved, 1500s– heaved, 1600s heft. c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. xxxvi. §2 Siððon þu ofer þone bist ahefod.c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 111 Ure helende þe was þis dai heued on hegh.1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Gen. xiii. 10 His eyen heued vp.c1480 (a1400) St. Mary Magdalen 926 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 282 Fand þe magdelane..he [high] heywit vpe with angel hand. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: A Common Germanic strong verb: Old English hębban (hęfþ), hóf, hafen (hæfen) = Old Frisian heva, hôf, heven (hevet), Old Saxon hębbian (hęffian), hof (huof), haban (Middle Low German heven, hov, hafen, Low German hefen, heffen, hôf, hafen, Middle Dutch heffen, hoef (hief, huef), gehaven, geheven, Dutch heffen, hief, geheven), Old High German hęffen (hęvit), huob, haban (hapan) (Middle High German heben (heven, hefen), huop, huoben, gehaben, also hebte, gehebt, modern German heben, hob, gehoben), Old Norse hefja, hóf, hafenn (Swedish häfva, hof, häfwen, and häfde, häfd, Danish hæve, hævde, hævd), Gothic hafjan, hôf, hafans < Old Germanic hafjan, hôf* (plural hôƀun), haƀano-, corresponding to Latin capĕre, capio, to take. Originally belonging to the same ablaut-series as shake, shave, but subsequently affected by many changes. The present stem hafj- had originally a formative j (= Latin -i- in capio), which caused umlaut of the stem vowel, giving Old English ę, Middle English e, lengthened by position to ê, ea. The West Germanic gemination of fj, giving bb in Old Saxon and Old English, affected all parts of the present stem, except 2nd and 3rd singular present indicative and singular imperative, giving hębbe, hębbað, hębban, hębbende, beside hęfest, hęfeþ, hęfe. In Middle English the bb forms were retained (in the south) till 14th cent., but were at length everywhere reduced by levelling to f (later v). The past tense hóf came down as hove; but in Middle English this was largely displaced by a type hæf, heaf, hêf, hêve, and another haf, have, both of which survived till 15th cent. The Old English past participle hafen was by the 12th cent. abandoned for hofen (later hoven, hove), with o from the past tense; there are also traces of heven (compare Old Frisian and Dutch). But, beside these strong inflections, there appeared also in late Old English (as in some of the other languages) weak inflections hefde, hefod; these gained ground in Middle English, and especially in modern English, in which heaved is now the general form, though hove remains in certain uses. The original sense, as evidenced by various derivatives, as well as by Latin capĕre, was ‘take’, whence, through ‘take up’, came that of ‘lift, raise’, already developed in Common Germanic. The close correspondence to Latin is seen in comparing capio, capis, capit, capiunt with Old Germanic hafjô, hafis, hafiþ, hafjanð, Old Low German hebbiu, heƀis, heƀið, hebbiað, Old English hębbe, hęfes(t), hęfeþ, hębbað. Since heave* is thus certainly cognate with capĕre, it must be originally quite distinct fromhave, if the latter is = Latin habēre. The two verbs however come close together in various forms in most of the languages, and their derivatives have probably influenced each other, so that it is difficult in some instances to know whether these belong to hafjan ‘heave’ or haƀên ‘have’. Signification. I. Transitive senses. 1. To lift, raise, bear up. (Often with up.) a. Formerly in general sense; now only archaic or dialect. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > raising > make to go up or cause to rise [verb (transitive)] > raise heave971 hevenOE onheaveOE rearOE highOE arearc1175 to set above (also aloft, high, on high)c1275 upbraidc1275 to set upc1290 lifta1300 upheavea1300 upraisea1300 upreara1300 enhancec1300 araise1303 hance1303 uplifta1340 lift1362 raisec1384 upbear1390 uphancec1390 advancea1393 haut?a1400 to put upa1400 verec1400 hainc1440 inhigh1483 elevate1497 uphigh1513 alifta1522 height1530 heighten1530 exalt1535 extol1549 sublevate1559 rouse?1567 attol1578 elate1578 vaunce1582 dight1590 higher1592 tower1596 to fetch up1612 relevate1620 screwa1625 transcend1635 stilt1649 allevate1696 stiltify1860 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > raising > make to go up or cause to rise [verb (transitive)] > hoist heave971 lifta1300 to set upa1300 lift1362 raisec1384 weigh1421 horsea1500 hawsec1500 heeze1513 hoise1548 hoist1548 wind1577 to work upc1610 hist1707 971 Blickl. Hom. 149 Hie hofan þa bære. c1000 Ælfric Homilies I. 516 Þæt hi ðe healdon, and on heora handum hebban. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 16705 All swa se moysæs. Hof upp þe neddre i wesste. a1350 Childh. Jesus 102 (Mätz.) Josep..of þat best þat heo sat on Softeliche haf hire adoun. 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Gen. xiii. 14 Heue vp thin eyen. c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 552 Ther was no dore that he noolde heue of harre. 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur xxi. iv He swouned ofte tymes, and syr Lucan..and syr Bedwere oftymes heue hym vp. 1493 Festivall (1515) 6 b Heve up thy heed, & be mery. 1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene vi. viii. sig. Ff4 His hand was heaued vp on hight. View more context for this quotation 1639 E. Spenser in Lismore Papers (1888) 2nd Ser. IV. 75 He heaved vp his sticke with an intent..to haue strooken me. 1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 197 How could I once look up, or heave the head. View more context for this quotation 1712 J. James tr. A.-J. Dézallier d'Argenville Theory & Pract. Gardening 174 Moles..do a great deal of Mischief to the young Plants, in heaving the Earth. 1717 A. Pope Fable of Dryope in Wks. 277 Her trembling hand she heaves To rend her hair. 1803 T. Beddoes Hygëia III. x. 63 It pitched him between two walls, so close that he could not heave an arm. 1855 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Yorks. Words 81 To Heave the Hand, to bestow charity in mites, amounting to little more than..the mere motion of the hand in the act. b. In modern use: To lift with exertion (something heavy); to raise with effort or force; to hoist. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > raising > make to go up or cause to rise [verb (transitive)] > lift or take up > lift with force heave1715 heave-ho1964 1715 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad I. ii. 250 Murm'ring they move, as when old Ocean roars, And heaves huge Surges to the trembling Shores. 1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §98 Our boat, which the seamen were heaving into the sloop, filled with water. 1863 A. C. Ramsay Physical Geol. & Geogr. Great Brit. (1878) xv. 236 For a space they have been heaved nearly on end. 1866 C. Kingsley Hereward the Wake I. xix. 346 Who heaved up a long twybill, or double axe. c. absol. ΚΠ 1595 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 3 v. vii. 23 This shoulder was ordaind so thicke to heaue. 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 500 When they [sc. moles] heaue, they doe it more for meate then for breath. 2. transferred and figurative. To raise. a. In various figurative senses directly related to 1. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > excitement > pleasurable excitement > affect with pleasurable excitement [verb (transitive)] extol1526 exalta1533 pauchtc1602 elevate1634 heave1863 OE Exodus 575 Hofon hereþreatas hlude stefne, for þam dædweorce drihten heredon, weras wuldres sang. c1000 Ags. Ps. (1835) xxiv. [xxv.] 1 To ðe ic hæbbe..min mod. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 5627 Scottes huuen up muchelne ræm. a1375 Lay Folks Mass Bk. App. iv. 552 Hef up ȝor hertes in-to heuen. a1400–50 Alexander 3014 Ser Dary..Heuyd vp a huge ost. c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 314 Man to god wordez schulde heue. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. giiii It is so vyolente, that it heueth and lyfteth vp, the spyrite to God. 1824 W. Irving Tales of Traveller II. 12 The resolution..heaved a load from off my heart. 1863 W. Phillips Speeches 28 Strong political excitement..heaves a whole nation on to a higher platform of intellect and morality. †b. To raise, exalt, lift up, elevate (in feeling, dignity, station, etc.); to extol. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > majesty, glory, or grandeur > exaltation or glorification > exalt or glorify [verb (transitive)] heavec825 higheOE brightenOE clarifya1340 glorifya1340 enhancec1374 stellifyc1384 biga1400 exalt?a1400 raisea1400 shrinea1400 to bear up?a1425 enhighc1440 erect?a1475 assumec1503 amount1523 dignifya1530 to set up1535 extol1545 enthronize1547 augment1567 sublimate?1567 sublime1568 assumptc1571 begoda1576 royalize1589 suscitate1598 swell1601 consecrate1605 realize1611 reara1616 sphere1615 ingreata1620 superexalta1626 soara1627 ascend1628 rise1628 embroider1629 apotheose1632 grandize1640 engreaten1641 engrandizea1652 mount1651 intronificate1653 magnificent1656 superposit1661 grandify1665 heroify1677 apotheosize1695 enthrone1699 aggrandize1702 pantheonize1801 hoist1814 princify1847 queen1880 heroize1887 c825 Vesp. Psalter xcviii[i]. 9 Hebbað up dryhten god urne. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 213 He hefieð his lichame, and heneð his soule. ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 123 Ha schal..halden hire stille. & swa heouen hire seoluen buuen hire seoluen. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 11569 We scullen..hebben hine to kinge. a1300 K. Horn 1267 Þu me to kniȝt houe. a1400–50 Alexander 3290 Oure lord..heues him to welthis. 1530 Myroure Oure Ladye (Fawkes) (1873) ii. 290 Lorde thou art..heyued aboue all thynges wythouten ende. 1581 G. Pettie tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. (1586) i. 43 b Ambition..heaveth those that followe it to the high degree of dignitie and honour. 1596 Bp. W. Barlow tr. L. Lavater Three Christian Serm. i. 127 Rich men, who..haue bene houen and lifted vp with their heapes of riches. 1641 J. Milton Reason Church-govt. 20 For the prevention of growing schisme the Bishop was heav'd above the Presbyter. †c. To set up, erect, institute. Obsolete. ΚΠ c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 16840 Þeȝȝ..hofenn þurrh hemm sellfenn upp..Settnessess. †3. a. spec. To lift (a child) from the font (formerly the duty of a sponsor at baptism); to stand sponsor to; hence transferred to baptize, christen. Obsolete. (German ein kind aus der taufe heben, medieval Latin levare de sacro fonte.) ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > sacrament > baptism > baptize [verb (transitive)] > sponsor answereOE heavec1175 to fang toc1420 gossipa1616 c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 10881 Wha se shall i crisstenndom. Beon hofenn upp. 1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 9698 Ȝe þat chyldryn heue, Ȝe shul nat forȝete ne leue, To teche hyt paternoster and crede. 1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 3126 When he was hoven at funtstane. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 168 Of baptist seynt Ioan þat ihesus hoef in flume Iordan. 1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. cxii. 94 Edelwold..prayd hym to heue a sone of his at fontstone. 1535 D. Lindsay Satyre 781 Wee mon all thrie change our names. Hayif me, and I sall baptize thee. 1571 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xxviii. 39 Hammiltoun he me huif..Ane sorie Surname. †b. transferred. To present for confirmation. Obsolete. ΚΠ c1315 Shoreham 18 Hym selve no man hebbe schel To the bischoppynge..That hi ne hebbe hare oȝe child. †4. a. To lift and take away, carry off, remove, convey. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > transference > [verb (transitive)] > convey or transport > off or away atbearOE reavec1175 heavea1240 ravishc1330 reachc1330 outbeara1400 trussa1400 remove1459 withberec1500 rapt1571 rear1596 rap1599 to carry off1684 a1240 Lofsong in Cott. Hom. 205 Summe tide ich habbe iheued of oðer monnes mid woh and mid unriht. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1869) II. 153 Flemmynges..were ihoue þennes and i-putte to Hauerforde. c1440 York Myst. xxx. 134 Heue me fro hyne. a1586 Sir P. Sidney Arcadia (1590) ii. sig. Hh3 Thy words..had almost heaued me Quite from my selfe. 1619 M. Drayton Barons Warres v. lii, in Poems (rev. ed.) 73 His onely Daughter, whom (through false Pretext) Stephen, Earle of Bulloyn, from the Kingdome heaues. 1649 J. Milton Observations in Articles of Peace with Irish Rebels 55 Since their heaving out the Prelats to heave in themselves, they devise new wayes [etc.]. a1657 G. Daniel Trinarchodia: Henry IV cclxxxvi, in Poems (1878) IV. 72 To arrogate all Ill, They heave the Peerage; for that Pale throwne downe In breakes the Herd, to the vnfenced Crowne. †b. Thieves' Cant. To ‘lift’, to rob. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > rob [verb (transitive)] reaveeOE benima1325 berob1340 pelfa1400 distress1490 derob1546 heave1567 shrive1630 strubc1680 spung1719 to do over1785 strong-arm1896 make1926 heist1930 to take off1937 hit1955 to knock off1960 1567 T. Harman Caueat for Commen Cursetors (new ed.) sig. Giii^v To heue abough. to robbe or ryfle a boewethe. 1609 T. Dekker Lanthorne & Candle-light sig. C3^v If we heaue [1608 haue] a booth we cly the Ierke. 1673 R. Head Canting Acad. 39 Heave a booth, to rob an house. 1673 R. Head Canting Acad. 78 They will not stick to heave a Booth; that is rob a Booth at a Fair. 1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew c. Mining and Geology. To move away or displace (a vein or stratum): said of another vein or stratum intersecting it. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > movement of material > [verb (transitive)] > manner heave1728 saltate1961 1728 F. Nicholls in Philos. Trans. 1727–8 (Royal Soc.) 35 403 The Load is frequently intercepted by the crossing of a Vein of Earth, or Stone..one Part of the Load is moved a considerable Distance to one Side..the Part of the Load which is moved, is, in their Terms, said to be heaved. 1758 W. Borlase Nat. Hist. Cornwall ix. 157 Guessing..that the lode is heaved, or more properly speaking, started. 1815 W. Phillips Outl. Mineral. & Geol. (1818) 163 North and south veins..always divide tin or copper veins, and generally alter their course; or in the language of the miner, heave them out of their place. 1884 J. Prestwich Geol. I. 318 The ‘cross-courses’..are of later date than the veins which they frequently displace or heave. †5. figurative. To ‘move’; to rouse the feelings of, agitate; to urge, press. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > quality of affecting the emotions > affect with emotion [verb (transitive)] rineOE afaite?c1225 stir?c1225 movea1325 amovec1380 inspire1390 commove1393 informa1398 toucha1400 embracec1430 rore1481 alter1529 to carry away?1529 raise1533 removea1540 heavec1540 affect?1548 carry1570 inmove1583 infecta1586 worka1616 unthaw1699 emove1835 emotionize1855 emotion1875 the mind > emotion > excitement > exciting > excite [verb (transitive)] astirc1000 stir?c1225 araisec1374 entalentc1374 flamec1380 reara1382 raisec1384 commove1393 kindlea1400 fluster1422 esmove1474 talent1486 heavec1540 erect?1555 inflame1560 to set on gog1560 yark1565 tickle1567 flesh1573 concitate1574 rouse1574 warmc1580 agitate1587 spirit1598 suscitate1598 fermentate1599 nettle1599 startle1602 worka1616 exagitate1621 foment1621 flush1633 exacuatea1637 ferment1667 to work up1681 pique1697 electrify1748 rattle1781 pump1791 to touch up1796 excite1821 to key up1835 to steam up1909 jazz1916 steam1922 volt1930 whee1949 to fire up1976 geek1984 c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 8962 Hit heuet hym hogely of þat hard chaunce. 1607 M. Drayton Legend Cromwel 37 The King to marry forward still I heaue. 6. To cause to swell up or bulge out; to swell. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > expansion or enlargement > expand or enlarge [verb (transitive)] > distend > swell swella1400 puffc1460 embossc1475 extend1481 heave1573 ball1593 tympanize1593 tumefy1597 hove1601 bladder1610 buzzlea1634 burly1635 inflatea1705 bumfle1832 1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 45^v Tom Pyeper, hath houen and puffed vp cheekes, if cheese be so houen, make Cis to seeke creekes. 1621 H. Ainsworth Annot. Five Bks. Moses & Bk. Psalmes Lev. vi. 21 So fried that it may be hoven as with bubbles. 1730 J. Thomson Autumn in Seasons 168 Glittering, finny swarms, That heave our friths, and croud upon our shores. 1808 Trans. Soc. Arts 26 p. vii Cattle hoven or swollen by this disorder. a1825 R. Forby Vocab. E. Anglia (1830) at Hoven Cattle are hoven by eating too much green clover in a moist state..Turnips are hoven by rank and rapid growth in a strong wet soil. 7. To cause to rise in repeated efforts. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > move to and fro or up and down [verb (transitive)] > cause to rise and fall or undulate enwave1610 heave1612 undulate1669 fluctuate1850 oozle1934 1612 J. Taylor Wks. (1872) Introd. 12 The surges up and down did heave us. 1721 E. Young Revenge i. i O what a doubtful torment heaves my heart! 1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake ii. 88 The death-pangs of long-cherished hope..Convulsive heaved its chequered shroud. 1832 H. T. De la Beche Geol. Man. (ed. 2) ii. 111 The water was observed..to be heaved up and agitated. 1836 J. Gilbert Christian Atonem. iii. 114 When pity is heaving his bosom with emotion. 1864 S. B. Warner Old Helmet I. xi. 201 The swelling tide of thought and emotion which heaved the whole assembly. 8. To utter (a groan, sigh, or sob; rarely, words) with effort, or with a deep breath which causes the chest to heave; to ‘fetch’. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > sorrow or grief > lamentation or expression of grief > sighing > sigh [verb (intransitive)] sichec893 sikec1175 sigh1377 to sigh unsound?a1400 sightc1450 sithec1450 throb1557 to break a sigh1765 heave1820 sock1863 1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear xvii. 26 Once or twice she heau'd the name of father, Pantingly forth. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) ii. i. 36 The wretched annimall heau'd forth such groanes. View more context for this quotation a1718 M. Prior Poems Several Occasions (1723) II. 11 Heave thou no sigh, nor shed a tear. 1820 W. Irving Sketch Bk. I. 343 He heaved a deep sigh. 1824 S. Ferrier Inheritance II. xxi. 228 ‘Miss Pratt!’ heaved the Earl. intransitive for passive.1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel I. 166 Thy sigh soon heaves, thy tears soon start. 9. To throw, cast, fling, toss, hurl (esp. something heavy, that is lifted and thrown with effort). Now only Nautical and colloquial. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impelling or driving > projecting through space or throwing > throw [verb (transitive)] > heavily or clumsily heavea1592 lob1847 a1592 R. Greene Orpharion (1599) 41 The Pirats had heaued me ouer boord. 1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. iii. sig. C4^v The other halfe [of the spear]..Out of his headpeece Cambell fiercely reft, And with such furie backe at him it heft . View more context for this quotation 1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. ix. 44 He that doth heaue this lead..doth sing fadome by the marke. 1663 B. Gerbier Counsel to Builders 57 There is..so much Stone heaved thereon. 1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World ii. 127 They hove over their Grapling in five Fathom Water. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Heave, at Sea, signifies to throw away, or fling any Thing over-board. 1744 M. Bishop Life Matthew Bishop xxvi. 248 The Captain..by heaving the Lead found us to be but three Fathom Water. 1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) Heave, to pour corn from the scuttle before the wind instead of cleansing it by the fan. 1833 M. Scott Tom Cringle's Log II. iii. 89 With a swing he hove the leathern noose at the skipper, and whipped it over his neck. 1834 F. Marryat Peter Simple I. xiv. 213 The body..was hove overboard. 1863 C. Kingsley Water-babies i. 5 Tom was just hiding behind a wall, to heave half a brick at his horse's legs. 10. Nautical. To haul up or raise by means of a rope; and, more generally, to haul, pull, draw with a rope or cable; to haul a cable; to weigh (anchor); to unfurl (a flag or sail; also, to heave out); to cause (a ship) to move in some direction, as by hauling at a rope (e.g. at the anchor-cable when she is aground, or at the sail-ropes so as to set the sails to the wind). ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > other nautical operations > [verb (intransitive)] > work ropes or cables in specific way windc1550 heave1626 to round up1766 to veer and haul1769 to freshen the nip1807 single1900 swig1917 society > travel > travel by water > other nautical operations > [verb (transitive)] > work ropes or cables in specific ways windc1550 veer1590 veer1604 rousea1625 heave1626 overhaul1626 ease1627 pay1627 reeve1627 unbend1627 to come up1685 overhale1692 to pay away1769 surge1769 render1777 to pay out1793 to round down1793 to set upon ——1793 swig1794 veer1806 snake1815 to side out for a bend1831 rack1841 snub1841 1626 J. Smith Accidence Young Sea-men 27 Heaue out your top-sayles, haule your sheates. 1633 T. James Strange Voy. 95 We heau'd home our Anker. 1692 Smith's Sea-mans Gram. (new ed.) i. xvi. 77 To heave out the Flag, is to wrap it about the Staff. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis v, in tr. Virgil Wks. 335 With Iron Poles they heave her off the Shores. 1711 W. Sutherland Ship-builders Assistant 161 To Heave, to hale or pull by turning round the Capstan. 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. i. 112 The capstan was so weakly manned, that it was near four hours before we hove the cable right up and down. 1779 T. Forrest Voy. New Guinea 365 On the 23d, got a hauser..and hove the vessel off the ground. 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Heaving astern, causing a ship to recede or go backwards, by heaving on a cable or other rope fastened to some fixed point behind her. This more immediately applies to drawing a vessel off a shoal. 1893 W. T. Wawn S. Sea Islanders 5 The anchor was hove up for good. absolute.1840 F. Marryat Poor Jack xxvii. 184 We hove up [the anchor] and made sail.1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. II. xvi. 176 Poor fellows not yet accustomed to heave together.1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Heave and rally, an encouraging order to the men at the capstan to heave with spirit, with a rush, and thereby force the anchor out of the ground.1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Heaving in, shortening in the cable. II. Intransitive senses. †11. To remove, shift to another place. Obsolete. ΚΠ c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 13721 Þa hæf [c1300 Otho heaf] þat fiht of þan studen þer heo ær fuhten. †12. To be moved or agitated in mind; to feel vexation. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being upset or perturbed > be upset or perturbed [verb (intransitive)] sweata1400 ail1485 toss1517 heavec1540 seethe1609 to be in a way1855 stew1917 the mind > emotion > suffering > state of annoyance or vexation > be annoyed or vexed [verb (intransitive)] gramea1225 aruea1230 irkc1330 teena1400 it irks (me)1483 heavec1540 vex1592 chagrin1728 c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 12815 Hir hade leuer haue lost all hir lond hole..Thus heuet þat hynd to hir hede lord. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 13426 Pirrus heivet in hert for his hegh chaunse, And myche dut hym for deth of his derf graunser. 13. a. To rise, mount, come up, spring up. Now Obsolete except in spec. uses: see following senses. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > upward movement > rise or go up [verb (intransitive)] styc825 astyc950 ariseOE upstyOE to step upOE upcomec1000 to come upOE to go upOE upwendc1200 runge?c1225 amountc1275 upgoa1325 heavec1325 uparise1340 ascend1382 higha1393 lifta1400 risea1400 skilla1400 uprisea1400 raisec1400 rearc1400 surmount1430 to get upc1450 transcenda1513 springa1525 upmounta1560 assurge?1567 hove1590 surgea1591 tower1618 hoist1647 upheave1649 to draw up1672 spire1680 insurrect1694 soar1697 upsoar1726 uprear1828 higher1889 c1325 Body & Soul 252 in Map's Poems (Camd.) 343/1 The hed haf up and the swire. c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Dido. 1196 And vp-on courseris..Hire ȝonge knyghtis houyn al a-boute. c1420 Pallad. on Husb. x. 75 Out of molde er colde eek must hit heuen. a1642 J. Suckling Goblins iv. 38 in Fragmenta Aurea (1646) Pox on that noise, he's earth't, Prethee let's watch him and see Whether hee'le heave agen. 1726 W. Broome in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey V. xxiii. 194 The huge trunc rose, and heav'd into the sky. 1807 J. Barlow Columbiad ii. 72 And temples heave, magnificently great. 1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. xxxii. 279 This ice seems to heave up slowly against the sky. b. heave and set: to rise and fall, as a floating object upon the waves. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [verb (intransitive)] > rise and fall lifta1400 heave and set1509 surge1511 loom1605 senda1625 pitcha1687 tittup1881 1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure xxi. i Quadrant it was, and did heve and sette At every storme whan the wind was great. a1661 B. Holyday tr. Juvenal Satyres (1673) 232 Sometimes the one end..sometimes the other..is mounted-up by the waves; and this is called the heaving and setting of a ship. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) When a Ship, being at Anchor, rises and falls by the Force of the Waves, she is also said to Heave and set. 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. 14. To rise above the general surface, or expand beyond the ordinary size; to swell up, bulge out. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > expansion or enlargement > expand or enlarge [verb (intransitive)] > distend > swell swellOE to-swellc1000 bolnec1325 pluma1398 bladderc1440 boldena1510 to bulk1551 hove1590 tympanize1607 outswell1612 tumefy1615 extuberate1623 heave1629 blister1644 puff1648 huff1656 intumesce1794 pluff1831 balloon1841 turgesce1864 tumesce1966 the world > space > shape > unevenness > projection or prominence > protuberance or rounded projection > be or become protuberant [verb (intransitive)] struta1300 bouge1398 embossc1430 bagc1440 bossc1449 bunch1495 bump1566 boin1567 protuberate1578 pagglea1592 bulch1611 extuberate1623 belly1627 heave1629 bulge1679 swell1679 bud1684 pod1806 bilge1849–52 sag1853 knucklec1862 poocha1903 1629 J. Gaule Distractions 94 Marke how he heaves, as though hee almost scorn'd to tread. 1650 H. Vaughan Silex Scintillans 54 True hearts spread, and heave Unto their God. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals x, in tr. Virgil Wks. 48 Alders, in the Spring, their Boles extend; And heave so fiercely, that their Bark they rend. 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 127. ¶2 Their Petticoats, which began to heave and swell before you left us, are now blown up into a most enormous Concave. 1751 T. Gray Elegy iv. 6 That yew-tree's shade, Where heaves the turf in many a mould'ring heap. 1850 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 11 i. 152 It [cheese] is too strong-tasted, and inclined to heave, or get hollow and full of eyes. 15. To rise with alternate falling, as waves, or an object floating on them, the breast in deep breathing, etc. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in specific manner > alternating or reciprocating motion > move to and fro or up and down [verb (intransitive)] > rise and fall heave1627 fluctuate1656 1627 J. Taylor Armado sig. A7 Ships doe wallow and heaue and set vpon the Sea. 1713 J. Addison Cato iii. ii My blood runs cold, my heart forgets to heave. 1739 J. Wesley Jrnl. 2 May in Extract of Jrnl. (1742) 44 His Breast heaving at the same Time, as in the Pangs of Death. 1827–35 N. P. Willis Confessional 3 When heaved the long and sullen sea. 1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam xi. 17 Dead calm in that noble breast Which heaves but with the heaving deep. View more context for this quotation 1856 A. P. Stanley Sinai & Palestine (1858) ii. 124 They actually heave and labour with the fiery convulsions that glow beneath their surface. 1884 Expositor Mar. 207 The dangerous forces in a community which heaved with discontent. 16. To draw in the breath with effort; to pant, gasp. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disordered breathing > have or cause breathing disorder [verb (intransitive)] > become short of breath > pant fnastc1000 puffc1300 pantc1350 fnesec1386 blowc1440 bluster1530 pech1538 pantlea1626 pank1669 heave1679 fuff1721 pipe1814 huff1881 1679 J. Dryden & N. Lee Oedipus iv. 50 While we fantastick dreamers heave and puff. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 118 He heaves for Breath: which, from his Lungs supply'd, And fetch'd from far, distends his lab'ring side. View more context for this quotation 1811 W. R. Spencer Poems 21 And horse and horseman heave for breath. 17. To make an effort to vomit, to retch; figurative to feel loathing. Also transitive, to heave the gorge. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > digestive disorders > have digestive disorder [verb (intransitive)] > retch bolk1495 retch1538 reach1575 heave1601 keck1601 to cast the gorge1614 keckle1619 yesk1664 strain1678 gag?1706 1601 [implied in: P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 62 The sicke heauing of the stomacke. (at heaving n. a)]. 1601 [implied in: P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 277 They shall not be sea-sicke nor giuen to heauing, as commonly they be that are at sea. (at heaving n. a)]. a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) ii. i. 233 Her delicate tendernesse will finde it selfe abus'd, beginne to heaue the gorge, disrellish and abhorre the Moore. View more context for this quotation 1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Heave..4, to keck; to feel a tendency to vomit. 1868 J. C. Atkinson Gloss. Cleveland Dial. Heave and throw, to retch and end by vomiting. 1894 E. Lynn Linton One too Many I. 120 It makes me heave to hear you. †18. a. To make an effort to lift or move something; to push or press with force; to put forth effort, endeavour, labour, strive. heave at: to aim at, strive after. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > exert oneself or make an effort [verb (intransitive)] > make physical effort strain1340 heavec1374 stress1756 c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde ii. 1240 (1289) But þer-on was to heuen and to done. c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 1248 As sche wolde þe dore to-breke sche gan þo hebbe & pynge. c1422 T. Hoccleve Jereslaus' Wife 912 The wynd ful sore in the sail bleew & haf. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Matt. xxiii. 4 But they them selues wil not heaue at them with one of their fyngers. 1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 121 It asks some time to heave or pend in, before it actually starts. 1744 E. Young Complaint: Night the Seventh 21 Souls immortal must for ever heave At something Great. †b. heave at (figurative): to meditate or threaten an attack upon; to take up a position of hostility to; to oppose; to aim at with hostile intent. Obsolete. (Frequent in 17th cent.) ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (transitive)] withgo743 to go again ——OE withsayc1175 again-goc1275 withsitc1300 thwarta1325 to go against ——a1382 counter1382 repugnc1384 adversea1393 craba1400 gainsaya1400 movec1400 overthwart?a1425 to put (also set) one's face againsta1425 traversea1425 contrairc1425 to take again ——c1425 contraryc1430 to take against ——a1450 opposec1485 again-seta1500 gain?a1500 oppone1500 transverse1532 to come up against1535 heave at1546 to be against1549 encounter1549 to set shoulder against1551 to fly in the face of1553 crossc1555 to cross with1590 countermand1592 forstand1599 opposit1600 thorter1608 obviate1609 disputea1616 obstrigillate1623 contradict1632 avert1635 to set one's hand against1635 top1641 militate1642 to come across ——1653 contrariate1656 to cross upon (or on)1661 shock1667 clash1685 rencounter1689 obtend1697 counteract1708 oppugnate1749 retroact?1761 controvert1782 react1795 to set against ——1859 appose- the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > make an attack upon [verb (transitive)] > take hostile measures against riseOE raisec1384 heave at1546 to shove at1577 endeavour?1589 to give a lift at1622 attempt1749 to rise upon1816 1546 J. Bale Sel. Wks. (Parker Soc.) 165 John Frith is a great mote in their eyes, for so turning over their purgatory, and heaving at their most monstrous mass or mammetrous mazan, which signifieth bread or feeding. 1592 T. Nashe Pierce Penilesse (Brit. Libr. copy) sig. E2 ^v Hee was spite-blasted, heau'd at, & ill spoken of. 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. iii. 8 His adversaries heaved at him, to cast him out of his Bishoprick. 1674 P. Walsh Some Quest. Oath Allegiance Pref. Then they shrewdly heav'd at me again. 19. To pull or haul (at a rope, etc.); to push (at the capstan so as to urge it round and haul in the cable); to move the ship in some direction by such means; of the ship, to move or turn in some direction. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > action or motion of vessel > [verb (intransitive)] > make progress enforcec1340 halec1400 to make way1490 heave1626 forge1769 walk1806 1626 J. Smith Accidence Young Sea-men 27 Break ground, or way Anchor, heaue a head. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) To Heave at the Capstain, signifies to turn it about. 1749 Naval Chron. 3 88 Did you observe her heave up in the wind? 1794 D. Steel Elements & Pract. Rigging & Seamanship II. 338 The chaser heaves about as soon as the vessel he is in pursuit of is on his beam. 1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. App. 513 (table) Heaving ahead between an iceberg and a heavy field of ice. 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Heave about, to go upon the other tack suddenly. 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Heaving ahead, is the act of advancing or drawing a ship forwards by heaving on a cable or rope made fast to some fixed point before her. in extended use.1857 T. Hughes Tom Brown's School Days ii. vi. 345 Make the most of it; heave ahead, and pitch into me right and left.1881 D. G. Rossetti Ballads & Sonnets (1882) 293 Then one great puff of wings, and the swarm heaves Away with all its din. III. Phrases. 20. a. From senses 10, 19: to heave a-peak: see quots. and a-peak adv. to heave (the ship) in stays: to bring her head to the wind in tacking; also intransitive of the ship. to heave short: ‘to heave in on the cable until the vessel is nearly over her anchor’ (Smyth). to heave taut: to heave at the capstan until the cable is taut. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > berthing, mooring, or anchoring > berth, moor, or anchor [verb (intransitive)] > anchor > heave cable taut to heave taut1726 society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of wind > avail oneself of a wind [verb (intransitive)] > luff or turn to windward > in tacking turn1589 to turn up1589 to heave (the ship) in stays1726 society > travel > travel by water > berthing, mooring, or anchoring > berth, moor, or anchor [verb (intransitive)] > anchor > shorten cable > until ship is nearly over anchor to heave short1726 1726 G. Shelvocke Voy. round World ii. 19 Which done, I hove apeak on my anchor. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Peek The Ship being about to weigh, comes over her Anchor, so as the Cable hangs perpendicularly between the Hawse and the Anchor; the bringing of a Ship into which Position they call heaving a-peek. 1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine sig. U3 Heaving-short. 1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine sig. U3 Heaving-taught. 1795 Ld. Nelson 13 Mar. in Dispatches & Lett. (1845) II. 14 At one PM the Frigate hove in stays and got the Ça Ira round..As soon as our after-guns ceased to bear, the Ship was hove in stays. 1832 F. Marryat Newton Forster I. xi. 137 The frigate [was] unmoored, and hove ‘short stay a-peak’. 1839 F. Marryat Phantom Ship II. xviii. 151 They had laid an anchor out astern, and hove taut. 1893 W. T. Wawn S. Sea Islanders 88 Towards sundown, the chain was hove short. b. heave down v. to turn (a ship) over on one side by means of purchases attached to the masts, for cleaning, repairing, etc.; to careen. (Also intransitive of the ship.) The part thus raised above the water is said to be hove out. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > shipbuilding and repairing > build a ship [verb (transitive)] > repair ship > careen careen1600 heel1644 heave down1745 1745 P. Thomas True Jrnl. Voy. South-Seas 271 They could not..use it as a Help for heaving down by. 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson i. v. 55 The Commodore..ordered the Tryal to be hove down. 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. iii. 140 There are two coves..where ships may conveniently heave down. 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson iii. vii. 367 They..hove out the first course of the Centurion's starboard side, and had the satisfaction to find, that her bottom appeared sound and good. 1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Transl. French Terms Abbatre un vaisseau, to heave down or careen a ship. 1798 Ld. Nelson 7 Sept. in Dispatches & Lett. (1845) III. 116 The place where large ships heave down. 1836 E. Howard Rattlin liv The ship had been hove down. c. heave to: to bring the ship to a standstill by setting the sails so as to counteract each other; to make her lie to. (a) transitive with the ship as obj. (b) intransitive or absol. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > directing or managing a ship > use of sails, spars, or rigging > support (an amount of) sail [verb (intransitive)] > cause to lie to heave to1775 a. 1775 in Philos. Trans. 1778 (Royal Soc.) (1779) 68 397 Hove the ship to. 1833 M. Scott Tom Cringle's Log II. iv. 128 ‘Shorten sail..and heave the ship to,’ said the Captain. 1884 A. Brassey in Good Words Mar. 163/1 We remained hove-to all the next day. figurative.1887 R. L. Stevenson Misadv. J. Nicholson iv [He] was at last hove-to, all standing, in a hospital.b.1782 C. Blagden in Philos. Trans. 1781 (Royal Soc.) 71 337 Soon afterwards we hove-to in order to sound.1835 J. Ross Narr. Second Voy. North-west Passage vi. 79 This obliged us to heave to.1860 M. F. Maury Physical Geogr. Sea (ed. 8) xix. §807 Took in fore and mizen top-sails; hove to under close-reefed main top sail and spencer.in extended use.1832 F. Marryat Newton Forster I. iii. 27 We must ‘heave-to’ in our narrative awhile. 21. intransitive (from sense 13) heave in sight: to rise into view, become visible, come in sight, as an object at sea when approaching or approached; hence (colloquial) transferred in general sense. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > visibility > be visible [verb (intransitive)] > appear or become visible > over horizon rise1769 heave in sight1778 1778 J. Sullivan in J. Sparks Corr. Amer. Revol. (1853) II. 205 Those ships were out of sight yesterday morning, but I hear they afterwards hove in sight again. 1816 ‘Quiz’ Grand Master i. 24 The Table-mountain heaves in sight. 1830 J. Galt Lawrie Todd I. iii. ix. 248 A most tremendous he-bear hove in sight. 1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People v. §1. 223 The great Spanish ships heave in sight, and a furious struggle begins. 1878 R. B. Smith Carthage 103 They hove in sight of the enemy..to the west of the promontory of Ecnomus. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1898; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.a1571v.c825
随便看	rabbling rabblings rabelaic rabelaisian rabelaisianism rabelaism rabfac rabfak rabi rabiate rabiator radio commercial radio communication radio company radio compass radio contact radio control radio corporation radio countermeasure radio critic radio criticism radio detector radio dial radio direction finder radio direction finding

heaven.

Compounds

Draft additions 1993

heavev.