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单词 henbell
释义

henbelln.

Brit. /ˈhɛnbɛl/, U.S. /ˈhɛnˌbɛl/
Forms: Old English hænnebelle, Old English–1500s hennebelle, late Old English 1500s hennebel, early Middle English hennebele, 1500s 1900s– henbell.
Origin: Apparently formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: hen n.1, bell n.1
Etymology: Apparently < hen n.1 + bell n.1, perhaps with allusion to the shape of the flowers or seed pods of this plant. For evidence connecting this plant with poultry and supporting the identity of the first element, see etymological note at henbane n. Compare Old English hennewōl henbane (see henbane n.). Although neither the flowers nor the seed pods of henbane are strikingly bell-shaped, a connection with bell n.1 is perhaps supported by names for this plant in post-classical Latin: compare post-classical Latin symphoniaca (4th cent. (from 11th cent. in British sources) in this sense), symphonia (11th cent. in a British source in this sense: see symphonia n.1). It has alternatively been suggested that this word represents an alteration of henbane n. by folk-etymological association with Old English belene , another name for henbane (compare quot. OE) which appears to be etymologically unrelated to bell n.1 However, this is not supported by the relative chronology of the attested examples (henbane n. is first attested in early Middle English).
Now chiefly historical.
Black henbane, Hyoscyamus niger.In later use only in lists of alternative names for the plant.
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the world > plants > particular plants > plants perceived as weeds or harmful plants > poisonous or harmful plants > [noun] > henbane
henbanea1300
henbell?a1350
hendwalea1400
close-wortc1450
symphonia1597
goose-bane1600
hog's bane1600
hog's bean1600
English tobacco1653
jusquiam1727
hyoscyamus1799
mountain hemp1882
OE tr. Pseudo-Apuleius Herbarium (Harl. 585) (O.E.D. transcript) (1984) v. 48 Ðeos wyrt þe man symfoniacam nemneð & on oþrum naman belone & eac sume mæn hænnebelle [?a1200 Harl. 6258B hennebelle] hatað.
?a1350 in T. Hunt Plant Names Medieval Eng. (1989) 72 [Cassilago] gallice genele vel geluner, anglice hennebelle.
c1440 Liber de Diversis Med. 18 (MED) Tak þe rute of henbelle, kerif & clefe it & lay it to thi tethe.
1554 J. Emery Thre Pract. vsed at Mountpyller sig. A.iiv Oyle of Mandrage... Is made thus of the apples of mandrage of hennebelle & of popye.
1597 J. Gerard Herball App. Henbell is Henbane.
1863 R. C. A. Prior On Pop. Names Brit. Plants 110 With the experience of its poisonous quality, and the natural tendency to explain an unaccountable name into something intelligible, Henbell has become Henbane.
1948 G. Storms Anglo-Saxon Magic Gloss. 320 Belene, beolone, belone; henbane, henbell, stinking roger; bilsen-kruid; Hyoscyamus niger.
2004 K. N. Sanecki Discovering Herbs (ed. 7) 56 Henbane Hyoscyanus niger (Solanaceae) Henbell, belene.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2019; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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