† hakedn.

Forms: early Old English haeced, early Old English haecid, early Old English hecid, Old English hacod, Old English hacud, early Middle English hacadt, 1600s hakot, 1600s 1800s hacot, 1600s–1900s haked, 1700s hackhead, 1700s haget; in Latin context (in copy of OE charter) Middle English hacaed, Middle English haked, Middle English haket.

Etymology: Cognate with Middle Dutch heket , Old Saxon hakth (Middle Low German heket ), Old High German hechit (Middle High German hechet , hecht , German Hecht ), probably (with dental suffix) < the same Germanic base as hake n.² or perhaps < the (probably ultimately related) Germanic base of hack v.¹Note on etymology. The semantic motivation is not entirely clear; perhaps with allusion to the elongated shape and pointed jaw of this fish. Compare the sense development suggested by Old High German hecken to stab, pierce (see hack v.¹) and the apparent motivation of the synonymous pike n.³, ged n.¹, French brochet pike (lit. ‘small spit’: see pike n.³). Alternatively, perhaps with allusion to the sharpness of the fish's teeth. Compare also hake n.¹ In Old English (as also in continental Germanic) the presence or absence of i-mutation of the stem vowel is governed by variation in the form of the suffix (compare e.g. mutated early Old English haeced, haecid, hecid, unmutated Old Saxon hakth). Possible attestation in early surnames. Wider currency in Middle English is perhaps implied by early surnames, but in surnames the word is difficult to distinguish from reflexes of the Norman French personal name Haket. Perhaps compare the following attestations from the area in which the word survived later in regional use: John Hakede, Suffolk (1327), Roger Hakat, Cambridgeshire (1327).

Obsolete (English regional (Cambridgeshire) in later use).

The northern pike, Esox lucius, esp. one that is large in size.In quot. eOE, the word translates classical Latin mugil, which usually denotes a grey mullet (family Mugilidae).

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > family Esocidae (pikes) > [noun] > esox lucius (true pike)

hakedeOE

pike1314

ged1324

water wolfa1398

luce14..

pike fish1494

lucetc1550

wolf1555

lucern1615

river wolf1655

jack fish1659

luscio1680

lupus1706

pickerel1709

esox1774

fresh-water shark1799

pickering1842

northern1950

eOE Épinal Gloss. (1974) 35 Mugil, haecid.

OE Ælfric's Colloquy (1991) 27 Anguillas et lucios, menas et capitones.., et qualescumque in amne natant: ælas & hacodas, mynas & æleputan.., & swa wylce swa on wætere swymmaþ.

c1200 ( Latin-Old Eng. Gloss. (Bodl. 730) in Eng. Stud. (1981) 62 204/2 Lucius, hacadt. Lupus, idem.

c1250 ( Royal Charter: Edgar to Ramsey (Sawyer 798) in W. de G. Birch Cartularium Saxonicum (1893) III. 636 Captorum itaque piscium majorem quem vos haked nuncupatis.

1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 499 In the very gulfes whereof..are caught oftentimes and drawen certaine pikes of an huge and wonderfull bignesse, which the inhabitants call Hakeds.

1671 S. Skinner & T. Henshaw Etymologicon Linguæ Anglicanæ Hakot, occidentalibus adhuc usitatum.

1759 B. Martin Nat. Hist. Eng. II. 107 The neighbouring Meers abound with Fowl and Fish, Eels, Pikes, Hackheads, &c.

1787 T. Best Conc. Treat. Angling (ed. 2) 56 In Rumsey mere..are..large Pikes which they call Hagets.

1847 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words I Haked, a large pike. Cambr.

1888 ‘J. Bickerdyke’ Bk. All-round Angler ii. i. 2 Jack, pickerel, luce, gedd or gade (Lowlands of Scotland), gullet (Northumberland), haked (Cambridgeshire), are some of the names borne by the pike.

1900 Notts. Guardian 13 Oct. 8/2 In Cambridgeshire the name haked, indicating a large pike, still lingers among the country people, a link with Anglo-Saxon times when pike were called hacod.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	haked
释义	† hakedn. Forms: early Old English haeced, early Old English haecid, early Old English hecid, Old English hacod, Old English hacud, early Middle English hacadt, 1600s hakot, 1600s 1800s hacot, 1600s–1900s haked, 1700s hackhead, 1700s haget; in Latin context (in copy of OE charter) Middle English hacaed, Middle English haked, Middle English haket. Etymology: Cognate with Middle Dutch heket , Old Saxon hakth (Middle Low German heket ), Old High German hechit (Middle High German hechet , hecht , German Hecht ), probably (with dental suffix) < the same Germanic base as hake n.² or perhaps < the (probably ultimately related) Germanic base of hack v.¹Note on etymology. The semantic motivation is not entirely clear; perhaps with allusion to the elongated shape and pointed jaw of this fish. Compare the sense development suggested by Old High German hecken to stab, pierce (see hack v.¹) and the apparent motivation of the synonymous pike n.³, ged n.¹, French brochet pike (lit. ‘small spit’: see pike n.³). Alternatively, perhaps with allusion to the sharpness of the fish's teeth. Compare also hake n.¹ In Old English (as also in continental Germanic) the presence or absence of i-mutation of the stem vowel is governed by variation in the form of the suffix (compare e.g. mutated early Old English haeced, haecid, hecid, unmutated Old Saxon hakth). Possible attestation in early surnames. Wider currency in Middle English is perhaps implied by early surnames, but in surnames the word is difficult to distinguish from reflexes of the Norman French personal name Haket. Perhaps compare the following attestations from the area in which the word survived later in regional use: John Hakede, Suffolk (1327), Roger Hakat, Cambridgeshire (1327). Obsolete (English regional (Cambridgeshire) in later use). The northern pike, Esox lucius, esp. one that is large in size.In quot. eOE, the word translates classical Latin mugil, which usually denotes a grey mullet (family Mugilidae). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > class Osteichthyes or Teleostomi > order Salmoniformes (salmon or trout) > family Esocidae (pikes) > [noun] > esox lucius (true pike) hakedeOE pike1314 ged1324 water wolfa1398 luce14.. pike fish1494 lucetc1550 wolf1555 lucern1615 river wolf1655 jack fish1659 luscio1680 lupus1706 pickerel1709 esox1774 fresh-water shark1799 pickering1842 northern1950 eOE Épinal Gloss. (1974) 35 Mugil, haecid. OE Ælfric's Colloquy (1991) 27 Anguillas et lucios, menas et capitones.., et qualescumque in amne natant: ælas & hacodas, mynas & æleputan.., & swa wylce swa on wætere swymmaþ. c1200 ( Latin-Old Eng. Gloss. (Bodl. 730) in Eng. Stud. (1981) 62 204/2 Lucius, hacadt. Lupus, idem. c1250 ( Royal Charter: Edgar to Ramsey (Sawyer 798) in W. de G. Birch Cartularium Saxonicum (1893) III. 636 Captorum itaque piscium majorem quem vos haked nuncupatis. 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 499 In the very gulfes whereof..are caught oftentimes and drawen certaine pikes of an huge and wonderfull bignesse, which the inhabitants call Hakeds. 1671 S. Skinner & T. Henshaw Etymologicon Linguæ Anglicanæ Hakot, occidentalibus adhuc usitatum. 1759 B. Martin Nat. Hist. Eng. II. 107 The neighbouring Meers abound with Fowl and Fish, Eels, Pikes, Hackheads, &c. 1787 T. Best Conc. Treat. Angling (ed. 2) 56 In Rumsey mere..are..large Pikes which they call Hagets. 1847 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words I Haked, a large pike. Cambr. 1888 ‘J. Bickerdyke’ Bk. All-round Angler ii. i. 2 Jack, pickerel, luce, gedd or gade (Lowlands of Scotland), gullet (Northumberland), haked (Cambridgeshire), are some of the names borne by the pike. 1900 Notts. Guardian 13 Oct. 8/2 In Cambridgeshire the name haked, indicating a large pike, still lingers among the country people, a link with Anglo-Saxon times when pike were called hacod. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.eOE
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