Greenlandn.

Brit.

/ˈɡriːnlənd/, U.S.

/ˈɡrinlənd/

Origin: From a proper name, combined with English elements. Etymons: proper name Greenland , green adj., land n.¹

Etymology: < the name of Greenland (Danish Grønland, Greenlandic Kalaallit Nunaat), a large island lying to the north-east of Canada, between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans < green adj. + land n.¹The English name ultimately reflects the Old Icelandic name of the island, Grœnland, Grœnaland (Icelandic Grænland); compare also Norwegian Grønland, Swedish Grönland. According to the Icelandic Saga of Erik the Red ii, the land was so named c985 by Erik, the promoter of the first European settlement there, ‘because it would induce settlers to go there, if the land had a good name’ (landið..hann kallaði Grænland því að hann kvað menn það mjög mundu fýsa þangað ef landið héti vel). The island had, in fact, been discovered by the Norseman Gunnbjörn Ulfsson earlier in the 10th cent., but no attempt at colonization was made until Erik's expedition. The land was already inhabited by an indigenous Inuit population, although apparently not at the time in the areas of Norse settlement. Greenland is now an autonomous, self-governing country within the Kingdom of Denmark.

I. Compounds

* In names of animals and plants native to or associated with Greenland.

1. Greenland whale n. the bowhead whale, Balaena mysticetus; = Greenland right whale at right whale n. (b).

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > order Cetacea (whales) > suborder Mystacoceti > [noun] > family Balaenidae (right whale) > genus Balaena (bowhead)

steeple-topc1440

Greenland whale1648

right whale1726

north-caper1731

nordcaper1762

mysticete1797

icebreaker1869

poggy1871

bowhead whale1883

bay whale1947

1648 J. Taylor Brown Dozen of Drunkards 1 He comes rowling like wheelbarrow, weltring like a Greenland Whale, and tumbling like a ship amongst Waves, half under water.

1762 P. Murdoch tr. A. F. Büsching New Syst. Geogr. I. 236 Some whales have Spicula in their jaws... Of the spiculated kind with a flat back, the chief is the real Greenland Whale.

1884–5 Riverside Nat. Hist. (1888) V. 201 In form the Greenland whale is the most ungraceful of mammals.

1934 F. R. Dulles Lowered Boats iv. 45 Only the little ‘plum-pud'ners’ of Rhode Island remained wholly true to the Greenland whale.

1970 Canad. Geogr. Jrnl. Apr. 120/3 One of the specialties of these intrepid men was to hunt the great Greenland whale, weighing as much as 60 tons.

2005 A. Umbreit Spitsbergen (ed. 3) i. 39 The former huge stock of Greenland whales (bowhead whales) is almost extinct due to hunting.

2. Greenland dove n. now rare the black guillemot, Cepphus grylle; cf. Greenland turtle n. at sense 4.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Charadriiformes > family Alcidae (auks) > [noun] > cepphus grylle (black guillemot)

sea-pigeon1620

sea turtle-dove1676

Greenland-dove1678

Greenland dove1678

sea-turtle1678

diving-pigeon1694

pigeon diver1694

scraber1698

puffineta1705

Greenland turtle?1787

tinkershere1799

dovekie1819

1678 J. Ray tr. F. Willughby Ornithol. iii. 245 Columba Groenlandica dicta. The Greenland-Dove or Sea-Turtle-Dove.

1726 W. Moyle Wks. I. 423 The finest Birds I have lately added to my Collection, are the Greenland-Dove, or Sea-Turtle, and the Himortopus [sic].

1837 R. Dunn Ornithol. Orkney & Shetl. 102 Uria Grylle…Tystie. Black Guillemot. Greenland Dove.

1933 Sci. News Let. 25 Feb. 114/2 New York City had visitors from the Arctic Circle this winter: numbers of dovekies, also known as ice-birds and Greenland doves.

3. Greenland falcon n. the gyrfalcon, Falco rusticolus; spec. the whitest form of this (more fully Greenland gyrfalcon), formerly regarded as a separate species or subspecies.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > [noun] > family Falconidae > genus Falco (falcon) > falco rusticolus (gyrfalcon)

gyrfalconc1330

gyrkin1539

Iceland falcon1758

Icelander1777

Greenland falcon1784

Labrador falcon1839

1784 T. Pennant Arctic Zool. I. Introd. p. clxxxiii Greenland Falcon.

1847 Bewicks's Hist. Brit. Birds (new ed.) I. 8 (heading) The Greenland Falcon. (Falco Grænlandicus..).

1896 R. B. Sharpe Hand-bk. Birds Great Brit. II. 191 The Greenland Gyr-falcon, Hiero~falco candicans.

a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) I. xx. 536 Conveniently separable, perhaps, from protective coloration is that which masks aggressive birds, in the eyes of their victims, as may be the case with the Greenland falcon and the snowy owl.

2002 Countryman Apr. 33/1 (caption) Gyrfalcon or Greenland Falcon, a rare visitor to British coasts, depicted in glowing watercolour.

†4. Greenland turtle n. Obsolete the black guillemot, Cepphus grylle; more fully Greenland turtle-dove; cf. Greenland dove n. at sense 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > birds > order Charadriiformes > family Alcidae (auks) > [noun] > cepphus grylle (black guillemot)

sea-pigeon1620

sea turtle-dove1676

Greenland-dove1678

Greenland dove1678

sea-turtle1678

diving-pigeon1694

pigeon diver1694

scraber1698

puffineta1705

Greenland turtle?1787

tinkershere1799

dovekie1819

?1787 W. F. Mavor New Dict. Nat. Hist. II Puffinet, an apellation by which some naturalists express the columba Greenlandica, or the Greenland Turtle-dove.

1862 C. A. Johns Brit. Birds Index 614/1 Greenland Turtle, the Black Guillemot.

1896 A. Newton et al. Dict. Birds: Pt. IV 998 Greenland Turtle and Sea-Turtle are sailors' names for the Black Guillemot.

5. Greenland shark n. a large sluggish shark, Somniosus microcephalus (family Somniosidae), typically found in deep waters off Greenland and Iceland; also called ground shark, gurry shark.Often blind as a result of parasitic copepods attached to the eyes.

ΚΠ

1820 W. Scoresby Acct. Arctic Regions I. vi. 538 Squalus borealis. Greenland shark.—This animal has not, I believe, been described.

1885 Science 13 Feb. 134/2 On an average of three species of whale, the narwhal, Greenland shark, dolphin, and the porpoise, I find [etc.].

1931 E. G. Boulenger Fishes iv. 52 More ferocious is the fifteen-foot Greenland Shark (Læmargus microcephalus ), which is said to bite large lumps of flesh from the unarmed and unwieldy Baleen Whales.

2004 Canad. Geographic Mar. 69 (caption) The largest shark in the North Atlantic, the Greenland shark has been photographed and filmed by only a handful of divers.

6. Greenland halibut n. a deep-water halibut, Reinhardtius hippoglossoides (family Pleuronectidae), with a black or dark brown upper surface, found in northern parts of the Atlantic and Pacific.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > order Pleuronectiformes (flat-fish) > [noun] > family Pleuronectidae > miscellaneous types of

sandnecker1835

town-dab1836

rock sole1850

sand-sucker1862

Greenland halibut1872

whiff1873

greenback1947

1872 Sailors' Mag. & Seamen's Friend Apr. 105/1 1 vessel and 4 lives [have been lost] in the mackerel fishery; 1 vessel and 13 lives in the Greenland halibut fishery.

1973 Maclean's Feb. 60/1 They came down from the north..travelling together in small pods, following the Greenland halibut or polar cod shoals.

2007 Adv. in Marine Biol. 52 148 Nursery areas of redfish, Greenland halibut, cod and other groundfish species, some of which show declining trends of biomass and abundance.

7. Greenland poppy n. rare any of several poppies which grow at northern latitudes, as the yellow-flowered Papaver radicatum, and the Iceland poppy, P. nudicaule.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > poppy and allied flowers > poppy

poppyeOE

wild poppya1300

red poppya1400

mecop1480

corn-rose1527

field poppy1597

redweed1609

darnel1612

cockrose?1632

canker1640

tell-love1640

rose poppy1648

erratic poppy1661

corn poppy1671

headwark1691

cop-rose1776

headachea1825

thunderbolt1847

thunder-flower1853

Iceland poppy1870

Greenland poppy1882

1882 Garden 10 June 400/2 The Greenland Poppy..has a delicate odour.

2000 Guardian 26 Aug. (Saturday section) 1/2 A few amateur botanists may scour its slopes for polar flora (the Spitzbergen saxifrage, the Greenland poppy), but there is little other recreational activity on offer here.

** General uses.

8. Greenland yard n. a yard where whales are cut up for commercial use.

ΚΠ

1836 G. Head Home Tour 201 The cargo raised from the hold was lowered into large shallow lighters, or punts, lashed alongside, and conveyed to the Greenland Yards, the nearest of which establishments is about a mile up the river Hull.

1840 Evid. Hull Docks Comm. 14 Greenland~yards on both sides.

1895 W. Barron Old Whaling Days xviii. 196 The Greenland Yards, so-called on account of the oil being boiled and the whalebone cleaned there, gave employment to many people during the winter.

1931 Economica No. 32 206 Various industries utilising whalebone and whale oil sprang up at Hull, and Cragg's map of the town in 1817 shows the location of large ‘Greenland Yards’ adjoining the River Hull outside town.

2003 Hull Daily Mail (Nexis) 1 Dec. 18 Then work began on the blubber and remnants of the whale in the Greenland Yards in Wincolmlee and Sculcoates.

†II. Simple uses.

9. The country of greenhorns. Obsolete. rare.Used punningly with reference to green adj. 8c.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > want of knowledge, ignorance > unfamiliarity with, inexperience > [noun] > inexperienced person > place of

Greenland1838

1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist I. viii. 130 ‘A new pal,’ replied Jack Dawkins, pulling Oliver forward. ‘Where did he come from?’ ‘Greenland.’

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	greenland
释义	Greenlandn. Brit. /ˈɡriːnlənd/, U.S. /ˈɡrinlənd/ Origin: From a proper name, combined with English elements. Etymons: proper name Greenland , green adj., land n.¹ Etymology: < the name of Greenland (Danish Grønland, Greenlandic Kalaallit Nunaat), a large island lying to the north-east of Canada, between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans < green adj. + land n.¹The English name ultimately reflects the Old Icelandic name of the island, Grœnland, Grœnaland (Icelandic Grænland); compare also Norwegian Grønland, Swedish Grönland. According to the Icelandic Saga of Erik the Red ii, the land was so named c985 by Erik, the promoter of the first European settlement there, ‘because it would induce settlers to go there, if the land had a good name’ (landið..hann kallaði Grænland því að hann kvað menn það mjög mundu fýsa þangað ef landið héti vel). The island had, in fact, been discovered by the Norseman Gunnbjörn Ulfsson earlier in the 10th cent., but no attempt at colonization was made until Erik's expedition. The land was already inhabited by an indigenous Inuit population, although apparently not at the time in the areas of Norse settlement. Greenland is now an autonomous, self-governing country within the Kingdom of Denmark. I. Compounds * In names of animals and plants native to or associated with Greenland. 1. Greenland whale n. the bowhead whale, Balaena mysticetus; = Greenland right whale at right whale n. (b). ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > order Cetacea (whales) > suborder Mystacoceti > [noun] > family Balaenidae (right whale) > genus Balaena (bowhead) steeple-topc1440 Greenland whale1648 right whale1726 north-caper1731 nordcaper1762 mysticete1797 icebreaker1869 poggy1871 bowhead whale1883 bay whale1947 1648 J. Taylor Brown Dozen of Drunkards 1 He comes rowling like wheelbarrow, weltring like a Greenland Whale, and tumbling like a ship amongst Waves, half under water. 1762 P. Murdoch tr. A. F. Büsching New Syst. Geogr. I. 236 Some whales have Spicula in their jaws... Of the spiculated kind with a flat back, the chief is the real Greenland Whale. 1884–5 Riverside Nat. Hist. (1888) V. 201 In form the Greenland whale is the most ungraceful of mammals. 1934 F. R. Dulles Lowered Boats iv. 45 Only the little ‘plum-pud'ners’ of Rhode Island remained wholly true to the Greenland whale. 1970 Canad. Geogr. Jrnl. Apr. 120/3 One of the specialties of these intrepid men was to hunt the great Greenland whale, weighing as much as 60 tons. 2005 A. Umbreit Spitsbergen (ed. 3) i. 39 The former huge stock of Greenland whales (bowhead whales) is almost extinct due to hunting. 2. Greenland dove n. now rare the black guillemot, Cepphus grylle; cf. Greenland turtle n. at sense 4. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Charadriiformes > family Alcidae (auks) > [noun] > cepphus grylle (black guillemot) sea-pigeon1620 sea turtle-dove1676 Greenland-dove1678 Greenland dove1678 sea-turtle1678 diving-pigeon1694 pigeon diver1694 scraber1698 puffineta1705 Greenland turtle?1787 tinkershere1799 dovekie1819 1678 J. Ray tr. F. Willughby Ornithol. iii. 245 Columba Groenlandica dicta. The Greenland-Dove or Sea-Turtle-Dove. 1726 W. Moyle Wks. I. 423 The finest Birds I have lately added to my Collection, are the Greenland-Dove, or Sea-Turtle, and the Himortopus [sic]. 1837 R. Dunn Ornithol. Orkney & Shetl. 102 Uria Grylle…Tystie. Black Guillemot. Greenland Dove. 1933 Sci. News Let. 25 Feb. 114/2 New York City had visitors from the Arctic Circle this winter: numbers of dovekies, also known as ice-birds and Greenland doves. 3. Greenland falcon n. the gyrfalcon, Falco rusticolus; spec. the whitest form of this (more fully Greenland gyrfalcon), formerly regarded as a separate species or subspecies. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > [noun] > family Falconidae > genus Falco (falcon) > falco rusticolus (gyrfalcon) gyrfalconc1330 gyrkin1539 Iceland falcon1758 Icelander1777 Greenland falcon1784 Labrador falcon1839 1784 T. Pennant Arctic Zool. I. Introd. p. clxxxiii Greenland Falcon. 1847 Bewicks's Hist. Brit. Birds (new ed.) I. 8 (heading) The Greenland Falcon. (Falco Grænlandicus..). 1896 R. B. Sharpe Hand-bk. Birds Great Brit. II. 191 The Greenland Gyr-falcon, Hiero~falco candicans. a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) I. xx. 536 Conveniently separable, perhaps, from protective coloration is that which masks aggressive birds, in the eyes of their victims, as may be the case with the Greenland falcon and the snowy owl. 2002 Countryman Apr. 33/1 (caption) Gyrfalcon or Greenland Falcon, a rare visitor to British coasts, depicted in glowing watercolour. †4. Greenland turtle n. Obsolete the black guillemot, Cepphus grylle; more fully Greenland turtle-dove; cf. Greenland dove n. at sense 2. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > birds > order Charadriiformes > family Alcidae (auks) > [noun] > cepphus grylle (black guillemot) sea-pigeon1620 sea turtle-dove1676 Greenland-dove1678 Greenland dove1678 sea-turtle1678 diving-pigeon1694 pigeon diver1694 scraber1698 puffineta1705 Greenland turtle?1787 tinkershere1799 dovekie1819 ?1787 W. F. Mavor New Dict. Nat. Hist. II Puffinet, an apellation by which some naturalists express the columba Greenlandica, or the Greenland Turtle-dove. 1862 C. A. Johns Brit. Birds Index 614/1 Greenland Turtle, the Black Guillemot. 1896 A. Newton et al. Dict. Birds: Pt. IV 998 Greenland Turtle and Sea-Turtle are sailors' names for the Black Guillemot. 5. Greenland shark n. a large sluggish shark, Somniosus microcephalus (family Somniosidae), typically found in deep waters off Greenland and Iceland; also called ground shark, gurry shark.Often blind as a result of parasitic copepods attached to the eyes. ΚΠ 1820 W. Scoresby Acct. Arctic Regions I. vi. 538 Squalus borealis. Greenland shark.—This animal has not, I believe, been described. 1885 Science 13 Feb. 134/2 On an average of three species of whale, the narwhal, Greenland shark, dolphin, and the porpoise, I find [etc.]. 1931 E. G. Boulenger Fishes iv. 52 More ferocious is the fifteen-foot Greenland Shark (Læmargus microcephalus ), which is said to bite large lumps of flesh from the unarmed and unwieldy Baleen Whales. 2004 Canad. Geographic Mar. 69 (caption) The largest shark in the North Atlantic, the Greenland shark has been photographed and filmed by only a handful of divers. 6. Greenland halibut n. a deep-water halibut, Reinhardtius hippoglossoides (family Pleuronectidae), with a black or dark brown upper surface, found in northern parts of the Atlantic and Pacific. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > superorder Acanthopterygii (spiny fins) > order Perciformes (perches) > order Pleuronectiformes (flat-fish) > [noun] > family Pleuronectidae > miscellaneous types of sandnecker1835 town-dab1836 rock sole1850 sand-sucker1862 Greenland halibut1872 whiff1873 greenback1947 1872 Sailors' Mag. & Seamen's Friend Apr. 105/1 1 vessel and 4 lives [have been lost] in the mackerel fishery; 1 vessel and 13 lives in the Greenland halibut fishery. 1973 Maclean's Feb. 60/1 They came down from the north..travelling together in small pods, following the Greenland halibut or polar cod shoals. 2007 Adv. in Marine Biol. 52 148 Nursery areas of redfish, Greenland halibut, cod and other groundfish species, some of which show declining trends of biomass and abundance. 7. Greenland poppy n. rare any of several poppies which grow at northern latitudes, as the yellow-flowered Papaver radicatum, and the Iceland poppy, P. nudicaule. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > poppy and allied flowers > poppy poppyeOE wild poppya1300 red poppya1400 mecop1480 corn-rose1527 field poppy1597 redweed1609 darnel1612 cockrose?1632 canker1640 tell-love1640 rose poppy1648 erratic poppy1661 corn poppy1671 headwark1691 cop-rose1776 headachea1825 thunderbolt1847 thunder-flower1853 Iceland poppy1870 Greenland poppy1882 1882 Garden 10 June 400/2 The Greenland Poppy..has a delicate odour. 2000 Guardian 26 Aug. (Saturday section) 1/2 A few amateur botanists may scour its slopes for polar flora (the Spitzbergen saxifrage, the Greenland poppy), but there is little other recreational activity on offer here. ** General uses. 8. Greenland yard n. a yard where whales are cut up for commercial use. ΚΠ 1836 G. Head Home Tour 201 The cargo raised from the hold was lowered into large shallow lighters, or punts, lashed alongside, and conveyed to the Greenland Yards, the nearest of which establishments is about a mile up the river Hull. 1840 Evid. Hull Docks Comm. 14 Greenland~yards on both sides. 1895 W. Barron Old Whaling Days xviii. 196 The Greenland Yards, so-called on account of the oil being boiled and the whalebone cleaned there, gave employment to many people during the winter. 1931 Economica No. 32 206 Various industries utilising whalebone and whale oil sprang up at Hull, and Cragg's map of the town in 1817 shows the location of large ‘Greenland Yards’ adjoining the River Hull outside town. 2003 Hull Daily Mail (Nexis) 1 Dec. 18 Then work began on the blubber and remnants of the whale in the Greenland Yards in Wincolmlee and Sculcoates. †II. Simple uses. 9. The country of greenhorns. Obsolete. rare.Used punningly with reference to green adj. 8c. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > want of knowledge, ignorance > unfamiliarity with, inexperience > [noun] > inexperienced person > place of Greenland1838 1838 C. Dickens Oliver Twist I. viii. 130 ‘A new pal,’ replied Jack Dawkins, pulling Oliver forward. ‘Where did he come from?’ ‘Greenland.’ This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1648
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