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单词 germen
释义

germenn.

Brit. /ˈdʒəːmən/, U.S. /ˈdʒərmən/
Inflections: Plural germina, germens.
Forms: 1500s– germen, 1600s germain, 1600s–1800s germin.
Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin germin-, germen.
Etymology: < classical Latin germin-, germen germ n., in scientific Latin also in sense 3 ( Linnaeus Genera plantarum (1737) Introd. sig. **). Compare earlier germ n.The plural form germina reflects the Latin plural form. Compare the following earlier example of the Latin word in an English context:a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. lxxv. 966 Borgynge hatte germen and germen is ytake for a borgeonyng graffe, as Isider seiþ, and haþ þat name germen of gerendo ‘beryng’. And þerof comeþ germinacio... And borgynge þat ferst brekiþ out of þe roote..hatte germen.
1. A reproductive element, esp. a seed or embryo; the rudiment of an organism, capable of developing into a new one. Chiefly figurative and in figurative contexts (see also sense 4).In quot. 1608 ‘seeds, buds, or first stages of life’, with a possible play on ‘germanes’ to suggest also ‘bloodlines’ (see germane n.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > embryo or fetus > embryo parts > [noun] > rudiment
germen1608
principle1665
germ1721
primordium1875
anlage1892
fundament1892
proton1893
limb-bud1906
1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear ix. 8 And thou all shaking thunder, smite flat The thicke Rotunditie of the world, cracke natures Mold, all Germains spill at once that make Ingratefull man. View more context for this quotation
1751 tr. N. A. Pluche Truth of Gospel I. 45 God has not granted him a reproductive Germen, since he did not, when he pre-ordained two Germina for the perpetuating of the Species of the Ass and the Horse, likewise prepare a third fit to perpetuate that of the Mule.
1782 W. Hayley Ess. Epic Poetry iv. 71 Art thou [sc. Nature] the Niggard they pretend thou art, A grudging Parent with a Stepdame's heart; And dost thou shed, with rare, reluctant toil, Bright Fancy's germins in the mental soil?
1824 J. Galt Rothelan II. v. vi. 294 Many thought and feared some new evil was confusing the germins of nature.
1884 H. Jennings Phallicism xiii. 135 A continual assertion of the Rosicrucians is, that the philosopher's fire is to be found in everything; that the germen of the lapis philosophorum abides in everything.
1916 A. E. Bailey Gospel in Art xxii. 410 Love is the only power that never faileth, that melts down the barriers of past sin, and floods with the sunshine of new life the hidden germens of character.
1954 Bull. Atomic Scientists Apr. 140/2 As the initial germen of superior animals was at the same time the generator of all the somatic cells of the body and also of the new germen, each generation of professors creates intellectually the individuals destined to form the social body and also a new generation of future teachers.
1990 A. S. Byatt Possession (1991) xi. 225 Of ancient Egypt's fabled Mundane Egg,..From which sprang Eros, all in feathered light Who fecundated Chaos, wherein formed Germens of all that lives and moves on Earth.
2.
a. A young stem of a tree; esp. a sucker growing from the base of a felled tree. Also: a vegetative bud or shoot. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > shoot, sprout, or branch > [noun]
sproteeOE
wiseOE
spronkOE
wrideOE
brodc1175
wanda1300
breerc1320
scion?c1335
spraya1387
spriga1398
springa1400
sprouta1400
spiringc1400
shoota1450
youngling1559
forth-growing1562
spirk1565
sprouting1578
surcle1578
chive1583
chit1601
spurt1601
sprit1622
germen1628
spurge1630
spirt1634
brairding1637
springet1640
set1658
shrubble1674
underling1688
sobolesa1722
branchlet1731
springlet1749
sproutling1749
sprang1847
shootlet1889
1628 E. Coke 1st Pt. Inst. Lawes Eng. 53 a If tenant cut down timber trees..or suffer the young germins to be destroyed.
1672 N. Grew Anat. Veg. iv. 104 The Parts of the Germen and Branch, are the same with those of the Trunk.
1678 J. Godolphin Repertorium Canonicum 443 If one cut Trees which are or may be Timber, although they be under the age of 20 years, no Tithes are due; and so it is of new Germins growing under that age.
1693 N. Staphorst tr. L. Rauwolf Trav. Eastern Countries i. ix, in J. Ray Coll. Curious Trav. I. 108 The Stalk is slenderer, and hath more and longer by-shoots, or germina, at the end whereof you see stately yellow Flowers, so that it is thicker, and more spriggy than the other.
1714 W. Scroggs Pract. Courts-leet (ed. 3) 208 If..he destroys the young Germins, or stub up the same by the Roots.
1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Palm The Palm-Tree has a tender Germen, from whence other small Shoots proceed by Intervals.
1840 R. H. Coote Treat. Law Landlord & Tenant ii. ii. 239 And if, after cutting down such trees, the tenant cut away or stub up the germins, he will be guilty of double waste.
1888 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 2nd Ser. 24 355 Young shoots and germens are destroyed in forest operations in a most careless way.
b. A plant embryo within a seed; (also) the plumule of the embryo in a germinating seed. Cf. germ n. 2b. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > seed > [noun] > parts of > embryo or radicle
embryon1640
germen1651
neb1658
radicle1671
embryo1682
embryo plant1692
plantula1698
plantleta1711
germ1721
niba1722
radicula1725
plantule1727
radicule1728
rostellum1760
radicale1763
rostel1783
heartlet1808
corcle1810
proembryo1849
tigelle1860
hypophysis1875
embryoid1963
the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > seed > [noun] > parts of > plumule or rudimentary shoot
spirec1374
springa1400
sprout?1548
plume1578
spear1647
germen1651
acrospire1675
sprit1682
mistressa1722
plumula1727
plumule1727
plumelet1783
gemmule1844
stem-bud1877
epicotyl1880
1651 N. Highmore Hist. Generation viii. 82 As the germen in the seed of a Plant.
a1691 R. Boyle Christian Virtuoso ii, in Wks. (1772) VI. 794 The cicatricula of an egg, or the germen in the seed of a plant, being, in reality, a model of the animal, or plant, to be produced from it.
1720 P. Blair Bot. Ess. ii. 46 It has another loose Coat still to preserve the Germen of the Seed from external Injuries.
1773 J. Ellis Some Addit. Observ. Preserving Seeds 4 Notwithstanding the germen of the seeds looked very fair in the microscope, yet..none of them, to our great mortification, have vegetated.
1807 Crit. Rev. 7 395 It is not difficult to conceive that the same agent, by operating on bodies so differently organized as the radicle and germen are, may occasion the one to descend and the other to ascend.
3. Botany. The part of the pistil which ultimately forms the fruit; the ovary. Cf. germ n. 5. Now historical and rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [noun] > parts of > ovary
seed bud1721
ovarium1724
seed nest1727
ovary1731
germ1758
germen1759
ovulary1898
1752 Philos. Trans. 1751–2 (Royal Soc.) 47 175 The pistillum and its appertances..by Linnaeus, with his accustomed accuracy, are divided into three parts; viz. the germen, stylus, and stigma.]
1759 B. Stillingfleet in tr. Misc. Tracts Nat. Hist. p. xxviii Upon opening the flower leaves there will appear in the very center, at the bottom, an oblong thickish substance... This contains the seeds, and is called the..germen or germ.
1807 J. E. Smith Introd. Physiol. & Systematical Bot. 274 The Germen appears under a variety of shapes and sizes. It is of great moment..to observe whether it be superior, that is, above the bases of the calyx and corolla..or inferior, below them.
1877 C. Darwin Different Forms Flowers iii. 83 The germens of these 12 flowers all swelled, and ultimately six fine capsules and two poor capsules were produced.
1912 L. C. Miall Early Naturalists viii. 348 Linnæus adopted or introduced the physiological division of the pistil into ovary or germen, style and stigma.
4. figurative. An initial stage or state from which something may develop; a source, a beginning; = germ n. 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > source or origin > [noun] > source or primitive or original form
germc1550
stocka1625
seediness1662
primordium1704
germen1794
root form1832
rootstock1862
1794 Impartial Hist. Revol. in France x. 392 You did nothing to stifle those germens of counter-revolution, till the moment when Saillant's conspiracy became manifestly notorious.
a1813 J. H. St. J. de Crèvecoeur More Lett. from Amer. Farmer (1995) 230 Will it be Entertaining to You who is fonder To Trace things as near their origin as possible to consider those primitives tho' Rude scenes, wherein are display'd the True Germen of Internal Politicks the effects of which have been so diffusive & reachfull.
1814 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Vision II. xvii. 100 Love is germin [It. sementa] of each virtue in ye.
1840 J. J. Forrester Prize-essay on Portugal (1854) iv. 116 Let not ill-devised regulations or erroneous principles of administration destroy and suffocate this rich germen of national wealth.
1854 Friends Rev. 1 Apr. 462/2 The disposition to pry into the how and the why, is sometimes seen from the very cradle; and is always to be regarded as an auspicious token: it being in fact the germen of all future improvement.
1900 E. C. Reed tr. R. Egaña Tacna & Arica Question vi. 29 There had never been, nor ever could be, any territorial dispute, the germen of nearly all South American difficulties.
2007 G. Garnett Conquered Eng. ii. 47 The germen of his causa is set out in his preface.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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