单词 | germen |
释义 | germenn. 1. A reproductive element, esp. a seed or embryo; the rudiment of an organism, capable of developing into a new one. Chiefly figurative and in figurative contexts (see also sense 4).In quot. 1608 ‘seeds, buds, or first stages of life’, with a possible play on ‘germanes’ to suggest also ‘bloodlines’ (see germane n.). ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > procreation or reproduction > embryo or fetus > embryo parts > [noun] > rudiment germen1608 principle1665 germ1721 primordium1875 anlage1892 fundament1892 proton1893 limb-bud1906 1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear ix. 8 And thou all shaking thunder, smite flat The thicke Rotunditie of the world, cracke natures Mold, all Germains spill at once that make Ingratefull man. View more context for this quotation 1751 tr. N. A. Pluche Truth of Gospel I. 45 God has not granted him a reproductive Germen, since he did not, when he pre-ordained two Germina for the perpetuating of the Species of the Ass and the Horse, likewise prepare a third fit to perpetuate that of the Mule. 1782 W. Hayley Ess. Epic Poetry iv. 71 Art thou [sc. Nature] the Niggard they pretend thou art, A grudging Parent with a Stepdame's heart; And dost thou shed, with rare, reluctant toil, Bright Fancy's germins in the mental soil? 1824 J. Galt Rothelan II. v. vi. 294 Many thought and feared some new evil was confusing the germins of nature. 1884 H. Jennings Phallicism xiii. 135 A continual assertion of the Rosicrucians is, that the philosopher's fire is to be found in everything; that the germen of the lapis philosophorum abides in everything. 1916 A. E. Bailey Gospel in Art xxii. 410 Love is the only power that never faileth, that melts down the barriers of past sin, and floods with the sunshine of new life the hidden germens of character. 1954 Bull. Atomic Scientists Apr. 140/2 As the initial germen of superior animals was at the same time the generator of all the somatic cells of the body and also of the new germen, each generation of professors creates intellectually the individuals destined to form the social body and also a new generation of future teachers. 1990 A. S. Byatt Possession (1991) xi. 225 Of ancient Egypt's fabled Mundane Egg,..From which sprang Eros, all in feathered light Who fecundated Chaos, wherein formed Germens of all that lives and moves on Earth. a. A young stem of a tree; esp. a sucker growing from the base of a felled tree. Also: a vegetative bud or shoot. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > shoot, sprout, or branch > [noun] sproteeOE wiseOE spronkOE wrideOE brodc1175 wanda1300 breerc1320 scion?c1335 spraya1387 spriga1398 springa1400 sprouta1400 spiringc1400 shoota1450 youngling1559 forth-growing1562 spirk1565 sprouting1578 surcle1578 chive1583 chit1601 spurt1601 sprit1622 germen1628 spurge1630 spirt1634 brairding1637 springet1640 set1658 shrubble1674 underling1688 sobolesa1722 branchlet1731 springlet1749 sproutling1749 sprang1847 shootlet1889 1628 E. Coke 1st Pt. Inst. Lawes Eng. 53 a If tenant cut down timber trees..or suffer the young germins to be destroyed. 1672 N. Grew Anat. Veg. iv. 104 The Parts of the Germen and Branch, are the same with those of the Trunk. 1678 J. Godolphin Repertorium Canonicum 443 If one cut Trees which are or may be Timber, although they be under the age of 20 years, no Tithes are due; and so it is of new Germins growing under that age. 1693 N. Staphorst tr. L. Rauwolf Trav. Eastern Countries i. ix, in J. Ray Coll. Curious Trav. I. 108 The Stalk is slenderer, and hath more and longer by-shoots, or germina, at the end whereof you see stately yellow Flowers, so that it is thicker, and more spriggy than the other. 1714 W. Scroggs Pract. Courts-leet (ed. 3) 208 If..he destroys the young Germins, or stub up the same by the Roots. 1725 R. Bradley Chomel's Dictionaire Œconomique at Palm The Palm-Tree has a tender Germen, from whence other small Shoots proceed by Intervals. 1840 R. H. Coote Treat. Law Landlord & Tenant ii. ii. 239 And if, after cutting down such trees, the tenant cut away or stub up the germins, he will be guilty of double waste. 1888 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 2nd Ser. 24 355 Young shoots and germens are destroyed in forest operations in a most careless way. b. A plant embryo within a seed; (also) the plumule of the embryo in a germinating seed. Cf. germ n. 2b. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > seed > [noun] > parts of > embryo or radicle embryon1640 germen1651 neb1658 radicle1671 embryo1682 embryo plant1692 plantula1698 plantleta1711 germ1721 niba1722 radicula1725 plantule1727 radicule1728 rostellum1760 radicale1763 rostel1783 heartlet1808 corcle1810 proembryo1849 tigelle1860 hypophysis1875 embryoid1963 the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > seed > [noun] > parts of > plumule or rudimentary shoot spirec1374 springa1400 sprout?1548 plume1578 spear1647 germen1651 acrospire1675 sprit1682 mistressa1722 plumula1727 plumule1727 plumelet1783 gemmule1844 stem-bud1877 epicotyl1880 1651 N. Highmore Hist. Generation viii. 82 As the germen in the seed of a Plant. a1691 R. Boyle Christian Virtuoso ii, in Wks. (1772) VI. 794 The cicatricula of an egg, or the germen in the seed of a plant, being, in reality, a model of the animal, or plant, to be produced from it. 1720 P. Blair Bot. Ess. ii. 46 It has another loose Coat still to preserve the Germen of the Seed from external Injuries. 1773 J. Ellis Some Addit. Observ. Preserving Seeds 4 Notwithstanding the germen of the seeds looked very fair in the microscope, yet..none of them, to our great mortification, have vegetated. 1807 Crit. Rev. 7 395 It is not difficult to conceive that the same agent, by operating on bodies so differently organized as the radicle and germen are, may occasion the one to descend and the other to ascend. 3. Botany. The part of the pistil which ultimately forms the fruit; the ovary. Cf. germ n. 5. Now historical and rare. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [noun] > parts of > ovary seed bud1721 ovarium1724 seed nest1727 ovary1731 germ1758 germen1759 ovulary1898 1752 Philos. Trans. 1751–2 (Royal Soc.) 47 175 The pistillum and its appertances..by Linnaeus, with his accustomed accuracy, are divided into three parts; viz. the germen, stylus, and stigma.] 1759 B. Stillingfleet in tr. Misc. Tracts Nat. Hist. p. xxviii Upon opening the flower leaves there will appear in the very center, at the bottom, an oblong thickish substance... This contains the seeds, and is called the..germen or germ. 1807 J. E. Smith Introd. Physiol. & Systematical Bot. 274 The Germen appears under a variety of shapes and sizes. It is of great moment..to observe whether it be superior, that is, above the bases of the calyx and corolla..or inferior, below them. 1877 C. Darwin Different Forms Flowers iii. 83 The germens of these 12 flowers all swelled, and ultimately six fine capsules and two poor capsules were produced. 1912 L. C. Miall Early Naturalists viii. 348 Linnæus adopted or introduced the physiological division of the pistil into ovary or germen, style and stigma. 4. figurative. An initial stage or state from which something may develop; a source, a beginning; = germ n. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > source or origin > [noun] > source or primitive or original form germc1550 stocka1625 seediness1662 primordium1704 germen1794 root form1832 rootstock1862 1794 Impartial Hist. Revol. in France x. 392 You did nothing to stifle those germens of counter-revolution, till the moment when Saillant's conspiracy became manifestly notorious. a1813 J. H. St. J. de Crèvecoeur More Lett. from Amer. Farmer (1995) 230 Will it be Entertaining to You who is fonder To Trace things as near their origin as possible to consider those primitives tho' Rude scenes, wherein are display'd the True Germen of Internal Politicks the effects of which have been so diffusive & reachfull. 1814 H. F. Cary tr. Dante Vision II. xvii. 100 Love is germin [It. sementa] of each virtue in ye. 1840 J. J. Forrester Prize-essay on Portugal (1854) iv. 116 Let not ill-devised regulations or erroneous principles of administration destroy and suffocate this rich germen of national wealth. 1854 Friends Rev. 1 Apr. 462/2 The disposition to pry into the how and the why, is sometimes seen from the very cradle; and is always to be regarded as an auspicious token: it being in fact the germen of all future improvement. 1900 E. C. Reed tr. R. Egaña Tacna & Arica Question vi. 29 There had never been, nor ever could be, any territorial dispute, the germen of nearly all South American difficulties. 2007 G. Garnett Conquered Eng. ii. 47 The germen of his causa is set out in his preface. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1608 |
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