单词 | form |
释义 | formn. I. Shape, arrangement of parts. 1. a. The visible aspect of a thing; now usually in narrower sense, shape, configuration, as distinguished from colour; occasionally, the shape or figure of the body as distinguished from the face. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > bodily shape or physique > [noun] featurec1325 making1340 staturec1380 statea1387 bonea1400 figurec1400 makec1425 corpulence1477 corsage1481 makdom1488 mouldc1550 corporature1555 frame1566 dimension1600 limit1608 set1611 timber1612 compact1646 taille1663 fabric1695 moulding1815 physique1826 tournure1827 build1832 form1849 body type1866 body build1907 somatotype1940 size1985 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 3326 Þat ychanged hii were Hii þre in þe oþeres fourme. a1300 Fragm. Pop. Sc. (Wright) 311 After the eiȝte and twenti dayes, forme hit [the seed] gynneth to nyme. c1325 Metr. Hom. 92 An angel bi wai he mette, In mannes fourm. c1400 Rom. Rose 2810 Hir shappe, hir fourme, hir goodly chere. c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 127 Þis schal be þe foorme of a trepane. 1562 W. Turner 2nd Pt. Herball f. 99 The whyte asp differeth..from the blak..in the form of the lefe. 1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie i. viii. 7 b A great building made in forme of a Citadelle. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 140 The slipp'ry God will..various Forms assume, to cheat thy sight. View more context for this quotation 1750 S. Johnson Rambler No. 82. ⁋2 Stones of remarkable forms. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 257 Her face was expressive: her form wanted no feminine charm. 1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) III. 571 The world was made in the form of a globe. b. plural. The shape of the different parts of a body. [So French les formes du corps.] ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > bodily shape or physique > [noun] > of parts forms1836 1836 E. W. Lane Acct. Manners & Customs Mod. Egyptians I. i. 40 In the Egyptian females the forms of womanhood begin to develop themselves about the ninth or tenth year. 1871 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) IV. xviii. 211 The buildings of the city..presenting forms dear to the antiquary. c. Crystallography. (See quots.) ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > crystallography (general) > crystal (general) > structures and forms > [noun] form1878 diploid1896 1878 H. P. Gurney Crystallogr. 38 This group of faces, which are required to co-exist with a given face by the law of symmetry of the system is called a crystallographic form. 1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 60 A set of faces symmetrically related, such as the six faces of the prism of rock-crystal, is called technically a form. d. Abstractly considered as one of the elements of the plastic arts. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > plastic art > [noun] > element of form1846 1846 J. Ruskin Mod. Painters II. 193 Form we find abstractedly considered by the sculptor. 1879 O. N. Rood Mod. Chromatics xviii. 314 In painting..colour is subordinate to form. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > beauty > [noun] wlitec825 faireOE fairnessOE fairlecc1225 fairheadc1300 fairshipc1300 forma1382 clearnessa1400 beautyc1405 delicacya1450 pulchritudea1460 speciositya1470 lovelinessa1500 beautifulnessc1500 formosityc1500 fairhood?1503 bewtynes?c1510 decorea1513 venusty1559 decorum1604 bellitude1623 beauteousnessa1631 loveliheada1637 decor1656 luculency1656 Venus1657 coquetry1794 beautyhood1832 glamour1840 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Wisd. viii. 2 And loouere I am mad of the foorme of it [wisdom]. 1568 T. Howell Arbor of Amitie f. 1 Forme is most frayle, a fading flattring showe. 1611 Bible (King James) Isa. liii. 2 Hee hath no forme nor comelinesse. View more context for this quotation 1632 T. Randolph Jealous Lovers ii. vii. 27 You punish't The Queen of beauty with a mole; but certainly Her perjury hath added to her form. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > [noun] wearing?c1225 guisec1275 attire1382 habita1420 shapea1425 trick1542 fashion1544 trim1579 suit shape1598 garb1608 form1664 toilet1752 macaroni dressa1777 turn-out1812 style1814 set-out1834 get-up1842 rig1843 feather1854 model1859 make-up1883 1664 S. Pepys Diary 15 July (1971) V. 209 There comes out of the Chayre roome Mrs. Steward in a most lovely form..A lovely creature she in this dress seemed to be. ΘΚΠ society > communication > representation > [noun] > a representation form?c1225 figurea1340 likeness1340 print1340 nebshaftc1350 resemblancea1393 visagea1400 similitude?a1425 representationc1450 simulacre1483 representa1500 semblance1513 idea1531 image1531 similitudeness1547 type1559 living image1565 portrait1567 counter-figure1573 shadow1580 countershape1587 umbrage1604 medal1608 reflex1608 remonstrance1640 transcript1646 configurationa1676 phantom1690 facsimile1801 personation1851 featuring1864 zoomorph1883 ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 112 Ure deorewurðe gast godes achne furme. c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 25/43 Ane Croyz of seluer with þe fourme of god huy leten a-rere. 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 87 Oure riȝte uader..þet..ssop þe zaule to his anlycnisse an to his fourme. c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) viii. 32 In þe whilk roche es þe prynte and þe fourme of his body. 1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets ix. sig. B2v That thou no forme of thee hast left behind. 1610 J. Guillim Display of Heraldrie i. vii. 28 An Escocheon is the forme or representation of a Shield. 3. A body considered in respect to its outward shape and appearance; esp. that of a living being, a person. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > [noun] hue971 shapec1050 form1297 casta1300 entailc1320 fashionc1320 featurec1325 tailc1325 suitc1330 figuringc1385 figure1393 makinga1398 fasurec1400 facea1402 makec1425 proportionc1425 figuration?a1475 protracture1551 physiognomy1567 set1567 portraiturea1578 imagerya1592 model1597 plasmature1610 figurature1642 scheme1655 morphosis1675 turn1675 plasma1712 mould1725 format1936 the world > life > the body > [noun] > with regard to appearance form1297 personc1390 personage1461 moul1565 mould1580 shape1602 flesha1616 habit1652 figure1717 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 4218 King Arthure..Toward þis grisliche fourme mid god herte him drou. c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Lucretia. 1768 Right so, thogh that her forme wer absent, The plesaunce of hir forme was present. c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 27 Þat þei moun bynde manye þingis in oon foorme, as þe panicle of þe heed byndiþ sevene boones. 1639 P. Massinger Unnaturall Combat v. ii. sig. L Are your aeriall formes depriv'd of language. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis vi, in tr. Virgil Wks. 373 Here Toils, and Death, and Death's half-brother, Sleep, Forms terrible to view, their Centry keep. 1798 S. T. Coleridge Lewti in W. Wordsworth & S. T. Coleridge Lyrical Ballads 63* To forget the form I lov'd. 1841 E. W. Lane tr. Thousand & One Nights I. 77 To his surprise, this very form stood before him. 4. Philosophy. a. In the Scholastic philosophy: The essential determinant principle of a thing; that which makes anything (matter) a determinate species or kind of being; the essential creative quality.This use of form (Aristotle's μορϕή or εἶδος) and matter (ὕλη) is a metaphorical extension of their popular use. In ordinary speech, a portion of matter, stuff, or material, becomes a ‘thing’ by virtue of having a particular ‘form’ or shape; by altering the form, the matter remaining unchanged, we make a new ‘thing’. This language, primarily applied only to objects of sense, was in philosophical use extended to objects of thought: every ‘thing’ or entity was viewed as consisting of two elements, its form by virtue of which it was different from, and its matter which it had in common with, others. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > essence or intrinsic nature > [noun] pitheOE i-cundeeOE roota1325 substancec1330 juicec1380 marrowa1382 formc1385 acta1398 quidditya1398 substantial forma1398 inward1398 savourc1400 inwardc1450 allaya1456 essencya1475 being1521 bottom1531 spirit?1534 summary1548 ecceity1549 core1556 flower1568 formality1570 sum and substance1572 alloy1594 soul1598 inwardness1605 quid1606 fibre1607 selfness1611 whatness1611 essentialityc1616 propera1626 the whole shot1628 substantiala1631 esse1642 entity1643 virtuality1646 ingeny1647 quoddity1647 intimacy1648 ens1649 inbeing1661 essence1667 interiority1701 intrinsic1716 stamen1758 character1761 quidditas1782 hyparxis1792 rasa1800 bone1829 what1861 isness1865 inscape1868 as-suchness1909 Wesen1959 the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > scholasticism > [noun] > matter, form, or essence formc1385 matterc1395 matter subjecta1398 quidditya1398 c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Philomene. 2228 Thou yiver of the formes that hast wrought The faire world. 1413 Pilgr. Sowle (1483) iv. xxv. 71 The body was only mater, to whiche thou [the soul] were the fourme, of whome now is he naked another fourme accidentale..maye he wel haue, but forme substancial is hit nought that he hath. 1570 J. Dee in H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. Math. Præf. sig. *j To behold in the Glas of Creation, the Forme of Formes. 1593 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie i. iii. 54 Forme in other creatures is a thing proportionable vnto the soule in liuing creatures..According to the diuersitie of inward formes, things of the world are distinguished into their kindes. 1605 P. Woodhouse Flea (1877) 10 Reason's the forme of man, he who wants this, May well be like a man, but no man is. 1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) i. §33 I beleeve..that they [spirits] know things by their formes, and define by specificall difference what we describe by accidents and properties. View more context for this quotation 1645 J. Milton Tetrachordon 19 The Form by which the thing is what it is. 1665 J. Glanvill Scepsis Scientifica xxii. 137 The Soul cannot be separated from the Body, because 'tis it's Form. 1676 W. Bates Considerations Existence of God iv. 66 Supposing the self subsistence of Matter..could the World, full of innumerable Forms, spring by an Impetus from a dead, formless Principle? 1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding iii. vi. 212 That the several Species of Substances had their distinct internal Substantial Forms. b. So in Theology: a sacrament is said to consist of matter (as the water in baptism, the bread and wine in the Eucharist) and form, which is furnished by certain essential formulary words. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > sacrament > [noun] > three things making effectual matterc1350 form1597 intention1690 1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. lviii. 129 To make complete the outward substance of a sacrament, there is required an outward forme, which forme sacramentall elements receiue from sacramentall words. a1600 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie (1648) vi. 21 For as much as a Sacrament is compleat, having the matter and forme which it ought. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Form, in Theology, is one of the essential Parts of the Sacraments; being that which gives them their Sacramental Esse. c. In Bacon's modification of the Scholastic use: The real or objective conditions on which a sensible quality or body depends for its existence, and the knowledge of which enables it to be freely produced. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > empiricism > [noun] > Baconianism > elements of form1605 organum1620 axiom1626 1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Gg3v To enquire the forme of a Lyon, of an Oake, of Gold, Nay: of Water, of Aire, is a vaine pursuite: But to enquire the formes of Sence..of Colours..of Densitie, of Tenuitie, of Heate, of Cold, and al other Natures and qualities..To enquire I say the true fourmes of these, is that part of Metaphysicke, which we now define of. View more context for this quotation d. In the usage of Kant and Kantians: That factor of knowledge which gives reality and objectivity to the thing known, and which Kant regards as due to mind, or as (in his sense) subjective; the formative principle which holds together the several elements of a thing. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > idealism > [noun] > Kantianism > elements of conception1701 schematism1794 categorical imperative1796 intuition1796 matter1796 receptivity1796 schema1796 dialectic1797 multifarious1798 reciprocity1799 form1803 synthesis1817 Anschauung1820 manifold?1822 category1829 modality1836 multiplex1836 predicable1838 multiple1839 multiplicity1839 presentmenta1842 elanguescence1855 1803 Edinb. Rev. 1 258 The subjective elements are by Kant denominated forms. 1862 H. Spencer First Princ. i. iii. §15. 49 If Space and Time are forms of thought, they can never be thought of. 1874 H. Sidgwick Methods of Ethics i. ix. 93 This notion of ‘ought’..is a necessary form of our moral apprehension. 1889 E. Caird Crit. Philos. Kant I. 279 The forms of unity by which it [the mind] determines sensible objects. 1889 E. Caird Crit. Philos. Kant I. 349 The categories or forms of synthesis which belong to the pure understanding. 5. a. The particular character, nature, structure, or constitution of a thing; the particular mode in which a thing exists or manifests itself. in the form of, to take the form of. ΘΚΠ society > communication > manifestation > [phrase] > mode in which a thing manifests itself in the form ofc1310 the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > character or nature > [noun] birtha1250 the manner ofc1300 formc1310 propertyc1390 naturea1393 condition1393 qualitya1398 temperc1400 taragec1407 naturality?a1425 profession?a1439 affecta1460 temperament1471 essence?1533 affection1534 spirit?1534 temperature1539 natural spirit1541 character1577 complexion1589 tincture1590 idiom1596 qualification1602 texture1611 connativea1618 thread1632 genius1639 complexure1648 quale1654 indoles1672 suchness1674 staminaa1676 trim1707 tenor1725 colouring1735 tint1760 type1843 aura1859 thusness1883 physis1923 the world > existence and causation > existence > extrinsicality or externality > [noun] > mode or form of existence formc1310 affection?1543 modification1644 notion1649 mode1668 modus1675 c1310 Poems Harl. MS. 2253 (Böddeker) 193 Iesu..graunte ous..þe vnderfonge in fourme of bred. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 1591 Forþi in form of iugement, A neu vengans on þaim he sent. c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 81 Alwey stiryng til it..come into þe foorme of an oynement. 1559 W. Cuningham Cosmogr. Glasse Pref. sig. Aviv I haue reduced it into the forme of a Dialoge. 1605 W. Camden Remaines i. 8 When they had..brought them into forme of a province. 1756 C. Lucas Ess. Waters iii. 117 Iron is not, in the metallic form, produced by nature. 1850 J. McCosh Method Divine Govt. (ed. 2) i. ii. 57 Pantheism is the form in which infidelity prevails on the Continent of Europe in the present day. 1860 F. Nightingale Notes on Nursing (rev. ed.) vi. 98 An egg, whipped up with wine, is often the only form in which they can take this kind of nourishment. 1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) I. 399 The Dialogue necessarily takes the form of a narrative. b. One of the different modes in which a thing exists or manifests itself; a species, kind, or variety. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > [noun] > a kind, sort, or class > a variety or particular form form1543 edition1598 variety1617 mode1661 version1835 variation1863 phylum1945 1543 R. Record Ground of Artes ii. sig. Q.iiv This sorte is in two fourmes commenly. The one by lynes, and the other without lynes. 1597 T. Morley Plaine & Easie Introd. Musicke 76 To make your descant carrie some forme of relation to the plaine song. 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xviii. 94 The Power in all formes [of Commonwealth], if they be perfect enough to protect them, is the same. 1733 A. Pope Ess. Man iii. 303 For Forms of Government let Fools contest. 1821 J. Marshall Writings upon Federal Constit. (1839) 256 To this argument, in all its forms, the same answer may be given. 1842 C. H. Smith Introd. Mammalia (Naturalist's Libr.: Mammalia XIII) 291 The group is intermediate between the bisontine form and the bovine. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 157 They had refused to declare that any form of ecclesiastical polity was of divine origin. 1855 A. Bain Senses & Intellect i. ii. 180 The sensation of wetness seems to be nothing else than a form of cold. c. Grammar. (a) One of the various modes of pronunciation, spelling, or inflection under which a word may appear. (b) In generalized sense: the external characteristics of words (esp. with reference to their inflections), as distinguished from their signification. Also in extended uses in Linguistics. Cf. linguistic form n. 2 ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > [noun] > grammatical form form1861 1861 F. M. Müller Lect. Sci. Lang. vii. 255 The Chinese sound ta means without any change of form, great, greatness, and to be great. 1889 F. Hall in Nation (N.Y.) 48 267/3 In 1530, Palsgrave recorded the form topsy tyrvy. 1921 E. Sapir Lang. iv. 63 The evolution of forms like teeth and geese. 1926 L. Bloomfield in Language 2 155 The vocal features common to same or partly same utterances are forms. 1926 L. Bloomfield in Language 2 155 Thus a form is a recurrent vocal feature which has meaning. 1933 L. Bloomfield Lang. 168 A form like John or run,..without, for instance, any specification as to final-pitch, is, properly speaking, not a real linguistic form, but only a lexical form; a linguistic form, as actually uttered, always contains a grammatical form. 1953 J. B. Carroll Study of Lang. ii. 49 The comparative linguist can attempt to trace back the forms of a given language to the forms of another, older language. 1953 J. B. Carroll Study of Lang. ii. 49 Historical linguists have prepared lists of ‘reconstructed’ forms. 1962 E. F. Haden et al. Resonance-theory for Ling. ii. 15 Two language entities, between which there is a state of Resonance, may be found to be ‘sames’ as to their Form. 1966 J. M. Sinclair in C. E. Bazell In Memory of J. R. Firth 430 A form, in this article, is a stretch of language which has not yet been assigned a lexical status. d. Mathematics. A homogeneous polynomial in two or more variables; a quantic. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > algebra > [noun] > expression > consisting of specific number of terms binomial1557 binomy1571 trinomy1571 quadrinomial1673 multinomiala1690 polynomiala1690 trinomiala1690 monomial1706 nomial1717 monome1736 infinitinomial1763 polynome1828 mononomial1844 quantic1854 form1859 Jacobi polynomial1882 Jacobi's function1882 ternariant1882 triquaternion1902 term1957 arity1968 1859 G. Salmon Lessons Mod. Higher Algebra xii. 88 A quadratic form can be reduced in an infinity of ways to a sum of squares, yet the number of positive and negative squares in this sum is fixed. 1903 J. H. Grace & A. Young Algebra of Invariants i. 4 The transformation of the binary form a0x21 + 2a1x1x2 + a2x22. 1928 H. W. Turnbull Theory of Determinants iii. 31 It is a linear homogeneous form in n arguments. 1928 H. W. Turnbull Theory of Determinants viii. 133 A homogeneous polynomial is a form or quantic. 1953 F. Blum tr. B. L. Van der Waerden Mod. Algebra (ed. 2) I. iii. 48 A polynomial is said to be homogeneous or to be a form if all of its terms are of the same degree. 6. ΚΠ c1430 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes (1544) i. viii. 12 b Minos..Made statutes..Of righteousnes they toke the fyrst fourme. 1579 E. K. in E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Gen. Argt. §3 These..Æclogues..may be..deuided into three formes or ranckes. c1609 Beaumont Papers (1884) 21 I looke for no ordinarie cocke, hauyng of myne owne of that fourme more then I know what to doe withall. 1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ ii. ii. §6 Certainly this kind of Learning deserves the highest form among the difficiles Nugæ. 1687 Bp. G. Burnet Def. Refl. Varillas's Hist. Heresies 123 He cannot bear my saying that such matters were above men of his form. 1700 S. Pepys Let. in Diary VI. 225 Thinking is working, though many forms beneath what my Lady and you are doing. 1702 R. Steele Funeral ii. 31 The Tongue is the Instrument of Speech to us of a lower Form. 1710 True Acct. Last Distemper T. Whigg i. 22 The Doctor was a Physician of the first form. b. spec. One of the numbered classes into which the pupils of a school are divided according to their degree of proficiency.In English Schools the sixth form is usually the highest; when a larger number of classes is required, the numbered ‘forms’ are divided into ‘upper’ and ‘lower’, etc. The word is usually explained as meaning originally ‘a number of scholars sitting on the same form’ (sense 17); but there appears to be no ground for this. ΘΚΠ society > education > learning > learner > one attending school > [noun] > division of pupils > form or class form1560 first forma1602 remove1718 shell1736 sixth-form1807 lower sixth (form)1818 pettya1827 grade1835 the twenty1857 baby class1860 standard1862 nursery class1863 primer1885 reception class1902 sixth form1938 reception1975 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. clx The maner of teaching the youth, and diuiding them into fourmes. a1641 T. Heywood & W. Rowley Fortune by Land & Sea iii, in Wks. (1874) VI. 399 We two were bred together, Schoole fellows, Both of one form and like degree in School. 1730 J. Clarke Ess. Educ. Youth (ed. 2) 110 The Master is obliged to divide his time amongst Boys of different Forms. 1871 M. Collins Marquis & Merchant I. i. 13 He was in the fifth form at Eton. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > prototype > [noun] > model, pattern, or example byseningc1175 mirrora1300 samplera1300 formc1384 calendarc1385 patternc1425 exemplar?a1439 lighta1450 projectc1450 moul1565 platform1574 module1608 paradigma1623 specimen1642 butt1654 paradigm1669 type1847 fore-mark1863 model1926 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 1 Thess. i. 7 So that ȝe ben maad fourme, or ensaumple, to alle men bileuynge. c1425 Wyntoun Cron. vii. vi. 19 Hys Lyf wes fowrme of all meknes, Merowr he wes of Rychtwysnes. 1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding iii. iii. 193 To make abstract general Ideas, and set them up in the Mind, with Names annexed to them, as Patterns, or Forms, (for in that sense the word Form has a very proper signification..). 8. Due shape, proper figure; orderly arrangement of parts, regularity, good order; also, military formation. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > [noun] > orderly condition or arrangement ordinancec1390 pointa1393 direction1407 order?a1425 framec1475 orderliness1571 form1600 decorum1610 shape1633 disposurea1637 society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > formation > [noun] rayc1440 form1600 formation1796 1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 iv. i. 20 In goodly forme comes on the enemy. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) iii. iv. 101 I will not keepe this forme vpon my head, When there is such disorder in my witte! View more context for this quotation 1681 J. Dryden Absalom & Achitophel 17 'Gainst Form and Order they their Power employ; Nothing to Build and all things to Destroy. a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1652 (1955) III. 60 His Garden, which he was now desirous to put into some forme. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 140 Where heaps of Billows..In Form of War, their wat'ry Ranks divide. View more context for this quotation 1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 238 They came dropping in..not..in Form as they went, but all in Heaps. 1775 R. King Life & Corr. (1894) I. 9 As soon as one Man was shot down in the front, another from the Rear immediately filled his place, and by that means [they] kept their Body in form. 9. Style of expressing the thoughts and ideas in literary or musical composition, including the arrangement and order of the different parts of the whole. Also, method of arranging the ideas in logical reasoning; good or just order (of ideas, etc.), †logical sequence. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > logic > [noun] > logical order or sequence form1551 shape1551 logical form1840 society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > [noun] > form or order of a work shape1357 form1551 methoda1586 structure1598 cast1774 composition1839 the mind > mental capacity > understanding > reason, faculty of reasoning > process of reasoning, ratiocination > argument, source of conviction > [noun] > logical sequence consecution1532 consequency1548 form1551 consequence1571 connection1651 consequentiality1885 connectedness1886 society > leisure > the arts > music > piece of music > type of piece > form > [noun] form1876 1551 T. Wilson Rule of Reason sig. Uv The faulte that is in the forme, or maner of makyng [of a syllogism]. 1576 A. Fleming tr. Caecina in Panoplie Epist. 81 It reasoneth with itselfe in this forme and order. 1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iii. i. 162 Nor what he spake, though it lackt forme a little, Was not like madnes. View more context for this quotation 1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets lxxxv. sig. F2v In polisht forme of well refined pen. 1667 W. Temple Let. to M. Gourville in Wks. (1731) II. 32 I am very little satisfied with the Queen of Spain's Letter..I think the Form is faulty, as well as the Substance. 1864 F. C. Bowen Treat. Logic vi. 149 Every correct step of Reasoning, considered simply as such, or in reference to its Form. 1872 J. Morley Voltaire i. 6 Hardly a page of all these countless leaves is common form. 1876 J. Stainer & W. A. Barrett Dict. Musical Terms 174/2 Form, the shape and order in which musical ideas are presented. 1879 J. R. Green Readings Eng. Hist. xxvii. 139 He read the Sonnets of Petrarca, and he learnt what is meant by ‘form’ in poetry. 1889 J. R. Lowell Latest Ess. (1892) 144 Form..is the artistic sense of decorum controlling the coordination of parts and ensuring their harmonious subservience to a common end. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > [noun] wayeOE costOE wise971 gatec1175 custc1275 form1297 guise13.. mannerc1300 kindc1330 assizea1375 plighta1393 makea1400 fashionc1400 reason?c1400 method1526 voye1541 how1551 way1563 garb1600 quality1600 mould1603 quomodo1623 modus1648 mode1649 turn1825 road1855 gait1866 methodology1932 stylee1982 the world > action or operation > manner of action > [phrase] > in this, some, any, etc., way > in the same way in like form1297 in manner ofa1375 of the same1399 the same1765 just the same1874 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (1724) 447 Ȝyf byssop..ded were, He grantede, þat þoru kyng non destourbance nere, Þat me ne chose in ryȝte fourme anoþer anon. c1380 Eng. Wycliffite Serm. in Sel. Wks. I. 177 Crist ȝyveþ his prechours foorme how þei shal lyue in þis work. 1475 Bk. Noblesse (1860) 24 It is in like fourme knowen of high recorde. 1509 A. Barclay Brant's Shyp of Folys (Pynson) f. lxxx In lyke fourme who comyth unto confessyon [etc.]. 1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie iv. viii. 119 Over their shoulders, in the fourme and maner as the picture following doth shew. 1641 J. Jackson True Evangelical Temper ii. 115 He..was crucified..as his master was, but after a diverse forme, with his head downward. 11. a. A set, customary, or prescribed way of doing anything; a set method of procedure according to rule (e.g. at law); formal procedure. a matter of form: a point of formal procedure; originally a legal phrase; hence colloquial = a merely formal affair; a point of ordinary routine. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > a standard of conduct > [noun] > prescribed rule of conduct > a prescribed course or procedure form1297 ordinarya1400 the world > action or operation > behaviour > a standard of conduct > [noun] > acting according to some standard, fashion, etc. > conformity to established rules > mere conventional observance > something done for form's sake formality1664 form1711 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (1724) 491 & in gode fourme acorded hii were. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 19981 Þe form þat him bitaght was ar O baptisȝing, he held it þar. a1599 E. Spenser View State Ireland 23 in J. Ware Two Hist. Ireland (1633) The wrongfull distrayning of any mans goods, against the forme of Common Law. 1600 W. Shakespeare Much Ado about Nothing iv. i. 2 The plaine forme of marriage. View more context for this quotation 1703 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion II. viii. 478 Their general; who used, in all dispatches made by Himself, to observe all decency in the forms. 1711 [see sense 15a]. 1713 R. Steele Englishman No. 55. 355 The Lords..only laid hold of some Forms of Law to have prevented Judgment. 1726 J. Swift Gulliver II. iii. iv. 59 He was content to go on in the old Forms. 1787 T. Jefferson Writings (1859) II. 272 A paper from the admiralty..sent to me as a matter of form. 1805 T. Lindley Voy. Brasil (1808) 77 To make his report..from whence he came, &c. (a form to which the Portuguese merchantmen are all subject). 1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India II. v. ix. 706 The other commissioners being seldom called to deliberate, or so much as assemble for form sake. 1824 H. J. Stephen Treat. Princ. Pleading ii. §1. 254 As the party has no option in accepting the issue, when well tendered, and as the similiter may in that case be added for him, the acceptance of the issue when well tendered, may be considered as a mere matter of form. 1870 J. Lubbock Origin of Civilisation (ed. 2) i. 2 The form of capture in weddings. b. in form (now usually in due or proper form): according to the rules or prescribed methods; also, as a matter of merely formal procedure, formally; the form (somewhat colloquial): the state of affairs, what is happening or going on, the position; the correct procedure. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > agreement, harmony, or congruity > conformity to or with a pattern, etc. > in conformity with or according to [phrase] > according to rule by the book1556 in form1703 the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > [noun] > usual course, condition, etc. > the usual or ordinary way or procedure > as established or accepted orderc1300 usation1556 in form1703 drill1940 programme1966 the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > circumstance or circumstances > [noun] > state of affairs or situation thingeOE stallc1000 estrec1300 farea1325 arrayc1386 casea1393 costa1400 state of thingsa1500 style?a1505 predicament1586 facta1617 posture1620 picture1661 situation1750 position1829 lie1850 posish1859 state of play1916 the form1934 score1938 sitch1954 1556 tr. J. de Flores Histoire de Aurelio & Isabelle sig. E3 Itt sholde be putte in writinge, and reduitede in fourme of lawe.] 1703 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) V. 350 Count de Frize, governor of Landau, writes, that [he] expects to be attackt in form. 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 164. ¶5 He recovered himself enough to give her the Absolution in Form. 1736 T. Lediard Life Marlborough I. 24 The Art..of besieging a strong Town in Form. 1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones I. i. xi. 67 The Citadel was defended in Form, and at length, in proper Form, surrendered at Discretion. View more context for this quotation 1782 J. Warton Ess. on Pope (new ed.) II. x. 185 The publisher..makes a grave apology in form. 1805 T. Lindley Narr. Voy. to Brasil xix The laws, which heretofore existed only in form, have been thoroughly enforced. 1934 E. Waugh Handful of Dust 21 ‘I'm going to Hetton tomorrow.’..‘What's the form?’ ‘Very quiet and enjoyable.’ 1936 P. Fleming News from Tartary ii. ii. 76 I sent a wire to..Reuter's Correspondent at the capital..who..would be sure to know the form. 1940 N. Mitford Pigeon Pie xii. 192 She read somewhere that this was the form in Imperial Russia. 1951 ‘N. Shute’ Round Bend 87 He came along to the hotel each morning and evening to find out the form and when I wanted him. 1958 J. Cannan And be Villain i. 36 Eve, you know the form—telephone for a doctor. ΘΚΠ society > education > educational administration > university administration > taking degree or graduation > [adverb] > qualifying for degree for his formc1470 c1470 J. Hardyng Chron. cx. (heading) At Oxenford, where the clerkes be sworne they shall not rede for theyr fourme at Stamforde. 1523 Act 14 & 15 Hen. VIII v, in Statutes of Realm (1817) III. 214 A Graduat of Oxforde or Cantebrygge which hath accomplisshed all thyng for his fourme. 1574 M. Stokys in G. Peacock Observ. Statutes Univ. Cambr. (1841) App. 19 Iff a Bachelar off Dyvynyte preche for his Frurme. 12. a. A set or fixed order of words (e.g. as used in religious ritual); the customary or legal method of drawing up a writing or document. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal document > [noun] > art of drawing up > customary method of form1399 society > faith > worship > observance, ritual > [noun] > instance or form of churchOE servicelOE rightlOE observancea1250 officec1300 preachingc1350 ritec1350 ceremonyc1380 usea1382 prayerc1384 form1399 ordinancea1400 ordera1425 worship?a1425 worshippingc1443 common prayer1493 common servicea1500 ordinarya1513 celebrity1534 church servicea1555 religious exercise1560 function1564 agend1581 church office1581 liturgy1593 Common Prayer service1648 ritualities1648 ceremonial1672 hierurgy1678 occasion1761 religiosities1834 cursus1865 joss-pidgin1886 worship service1929 1399 Rolls of Parl. III. 424/1 Ȝe renounsed and cessed of the State of Kyng..uppe the fourme that is contened in the same Renunciation and Cession. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Ciiiv Our lorde & sauiour Jesu Christ hath gyuen vs a forme howe to praye. 1597 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie v. xxvi. 56 A strange conceipt, that to serue God with any set forme of common prayer is superstitious. 1649 Εἰκων Βασιλικη xvi. 141 Nor are constant Formes of Prayers more likely to flat and hinder the Spirit of prayer and devotion. 1660 S. Pepys Diary 17 Nov. (1970) I. 295 I inquired..for a form for a nobleman to make one his Chaplin. But I understanding that there is not any, I did draw up one. 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 121. ¶1 Monsieur Bale..delivers the same Opinion, tho' in a bolder form of words. 1729 W. Law Serious Call xiv. 241 I think a form of prayer very necessary. 1805 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. V. 52 The form of this fine is; ‘And the agreement is such, to wit, that [etc.]’. 1856 C. Dickens Little Dorrit (1857) i. x. 83 You'll memorialise that Department (according to regular forms which you'll find out) for leave to memorialise this Department. b. A formulary document with blanks for the insertion of particulars. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > writing materials > material to write on > paper > [noun] > blank form for filling in blank1586 write-off1751 card1817 registration card1842 application1849 entry form1856 form1856 application blank1866 pro forma1928 fiche1949 1856 C. Dickens Little Dorrit (1857) i. x. 83 I can give you plenty of forms to fill up. 1885 Act 48 Vict. c. 15 Sched. ii. Forms ii. Form A You are hereby required to fill up accurately the underwritten form. 1895 Times 5 Feb. 12/3 A message written on a telegraph form. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > saying, maxim, adage > serious saying, dictum > [noun] > as rule of conduct, etc. precepta1325 form1484 principle?1533 tenenta1556 maxima1564 maxim1578 primate1596 teneta1620 brocarda1623 formulaa1638 sutra1801 eleventh commandment1857 metarule1945 1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope 213 A young man, that made pilles, after a certaine forme that he [a Physition] had shewed vnto him. 1583 P. Barrough Methode of Phisicke vi. xxiii. 299 The forme and making wherof [ointments] is to be sought out of the Antidotaries. 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 186 Armetia..prescribeth this forme for the cure of this euill: let the Dog be put into the Water..and then..let his haire be shaued off. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > agreement > [noun] > an agreement forewardOE accordc1275 covenant1297 end1297 form1297 frettec1330 conjurationc1374 treatc1380 bargainc1386 contractc1386 comenaunt1389 compositionc1405 treaty1427 pact1429 paction1440 reconventionc1449 treatisea1464 hostage1470 packa1475 trystc1480 bond (also band) of manrent1482 covenance1484 concordance1490 patisement1529 capitulation1535 conventmenta1547 convenience1551 compact1555 negotiation1563 sacrament1563 match1569 consortship1592 after-agreementa1600 combourgeoisie1602 convention1603 comburghership1606 transaction1611 end-makingc1613 obligement1627 bare contract1641 stipulation1649 accompackmentc1650 rue-bargaina1657 concordat1683 minute1720 tacka1758 understanding1803 meet1804 it's a go1821 deal1863 whizz1869 stand-in1870 gentlemen's agreement1880 meeting of minds1883 society > authority > delegated authority > [noun] > authorization > a token or evidence of > written form1297 commission1397 precept1397 warrant-dormant1423 bill of remembrance1481 warranta1513 warrantment1599 exequatur1788 brown-paper warrant1867 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 8766 An fourme hii made þat eiþer helde is owe lond in is hond. c1305 St. Kenelm 314 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 56 Hi makede a forme þat [etc.]. 1411 Rolls of Parl. III. 650/1 Hym to harme and dishonure, agayn the fourme of a Loveday taken bytwen the same parties. 14. a. A set method of outward behaviour or procedure in accordance with prescribed usage, etiquette, ritual, etc.; a ceremony or formality. (Often slightingly, as implying the absence of intrinsic meaning or reality.) ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > a standard of conduct > [noun] > prescribed rule of conduct > set method of behaviour or procedure form1612 1612 J. Davies Discouerie Causes Ireland 234 That the Parliamentes of Ireland, might want no desent or honorable forme that was vsed in England. 1643 J. Burroughes Expos. Hosea (1652) 212 Many who have no religion but a forme, yet neglect Gods forme. 1676 G. Etherege Man of Mode i. i. 5 The Forms and Civility of the last Age. 1732 G. Berkeley Alciphron I. i. i. 7 After the usual Forms at first meeting, Euphranor and I sat down by them. 1805 T. Lindley Voy. Brasil (1808) 29 The sacrament, which was administered with all its forms. 1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India II. v. vii. 620 They put on the forms of distance; and stood upon elevated terms [with the envoys]. 1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam ciii. 161 For who would keep an ancient form Through which the spirit breathes no more? View more context for this quotation ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > [noun] > mode or manner of behaviour or conduct rate1517 pass1555 forma1616 style1770 pose1892 the world > action or operation > behaviour > [noun] > in social intercourse > estimated as good or bad mannersa1375 forma1616 a1616 W. Shakespeare Two Gentlemen of Verona (1623) v. iv. 56 If the gentle spirit of mouing words Can no way change you to a milder forme . View more context for this quotation 1616 J. Haig in J. Russell Haigs of Bemersyde (1881) vi. 140 My brother..breaks up the letter, whilk was no gentlemanly form. 1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 300 It doth much adde, to a Mans Reputation..to have good Formes. a1639 J. Spottiswood Hist. Church Scotl. (1655) vi. 395 When he perceived the Kings countenance not to be towards him..he changed his forms. 15. a. Behaviour according to prescribed or customary rules; observance of etiquette, ceremony, or decorum. in (full, great) form: with due ceremony. Often depreciatively: Mere outward ceremony or formality, conventional observance of etiquette, etc. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pride > ostentation > ceremony or formality > [adverb] in (full, great) formc1405 solemnedlyc1480 religiously1576 ceremoniously1600 complementally?1617 ceremonially1644 complimentally1679 solemn1743 the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > [noun] > seemly behaviour or propriety > strict decorum formc1405 galancie1581 ceremoniousness1583 punctilio1596 formality1599 ceremony1603 punctuality1618 punctillea1648 complementalness1657 formalness1684 punctiliousness1685 nicety1693 ceremonial1749 square-toedness1846 punctiliosity1859 uptightness1969 the world > action or operation > behaviour > a standard of conduct > [noun] > acting according to some standard, fashion, etc. > conformity to established rules > mere conventional observance forma1672 eyewash1857 bullshit1930 bull1941 the mind > emotion > pride > ostentation > ceremony or formality > [adverb] > as a matter of form pro forma1590 in (full, great) form1788 formally1870 c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 307 Noght oo word spak he moore than was neede And that was sapoke in forme and reuerence. 1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iii. i. 156 The glasse of fashion, and the mould of forme . View more context for this quotation a1672 A. Wood Life (1848) 118 A fellow of little or no religion, only for forme-sake. 1703 R. Steele Tender Husband v. i We'll eat the Dinner, and have a Dance together, or we shall transgress all form. 1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 147. ⁋2 When I reflected on my former Performance of that Duty, I found I had run it over as a matter of Form. 1722 D. Defoe Jrnl. Plague Year 102 They cou'd no more bury in Form, Rich or Poor. 1776 S. Foote Bankrupt i. 3 There is so much confinement, and form, even in the most fashionable families. 1788 Ld. Auckland Diary in Lett. (1861) II. 74 We went in the evening in a carriage in full form. 1804 J. Grahame Sabbath 37 Of giving thanks to God—not thanks of form, A word and a grimace, but rev'rently. 1805 T. Lindley Voy. Brasil (1808) 126 These officers accordingly attended in great form. a1842 T. Arnold in A. P. Stanley Life & Corr. T. Arnold (1844) II. App. A. 344 Whether while we worshipped Thee in form, we worshipped Thee in spirit and in truth. 1871 F. W. Farrar Witness of Hist. iii. 97 To plant the standard of Christian freedom upon the ruins of Levitical form. b. good (also bad) form: said of behaviour, manners, etc. which satisfy (or offend) the current ideals of ‘Society’; (good or bad) manners. colloquial. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > [noun] > seemly behaviour or propriety seemlihead?a1366 honestya1398 comeliness1440 seemlihoodc1440 seemlityc1440 semblessea1500 seemliness1548 decentness1561 decorum?1571 handsomeness1595 civility1612 decency1682 exactness1683 elegance1686 propriety1753 thing1791 bienseancea1797 convenances1831 decorousness1834 the becoming1842 correctnessa1859 good (also bad) form1868 properness1873 correctitude1893 the done thing1917 the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > [noun] > unmannerliness unmannerliness1550 misnurturednessa1578 misnurturenessa1599 incivility1603 perperitude1623 good (also bad) form1868 sans-gêne1893 mannerlessness1913 1868 Daily News 24 Dec. Happily it is not good form even to purchase the Bacchanalian handkerchiefs of the Burlington-arcade. 1883 E. B. England Notes in Euripides Iphigenia in Tauris 122 This excellent sentiment makes us wonder if οἱ νέοι in Euripides's day thought energy ‘such awf'ly bad form, you know’. 1890 Spectator 7 June 791 It is not good intellectual form to grow angry in discussion. 16. a. Sport. Of a horse: Condition in regard to health and training; fitness for running or racing; style and speed in running (as compared with competitors). (See quot. 1861.) in form: fit to run, ‘in condition’; so out of form. Said also of athletes (e.g. oarsmen, cricketers) and players generally. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > body or parts of horse > [noun] > physical condition or types of form1760 society > leisure > sport > player or sportsperson > [noun] > qualities of sportsperson > condition or fitness bottom1747 staying power1859 form1869 steel1891 match-fitness1960 1760 R. Heber Horse Matches ix. 148 A horse in a very high form. 1787 ‘G. Gambado’ Acad. Horsemen 35 Bringing horses of different forms, together, over Newmarket. 1834 T. Medwin Angler in Wales II. 115 To enable him to run in his best form. 1861 J. H. Walsh & J. I. Lupton Horse vi. 84 When we say that a horse is ‘in form’ we intend to convey to our hearers that he is in high condition and fit to run. 1869 M. A. Barker Station Life N.Z. (1874) xvii. 126 One of the new chums, who was not supposed to be in good form for a long walk. 1880 W. Day Racehorse in Training xvi. 157 The mare had simply lost her form—she was not so good as a three- as she was as a two-year-old. 1882 Standard 20 Nov. 2/8 Mitchell was in good form, whilst Peall did not play so well as on previous days [at billiards]. 1883 Times 22 Oct. 10/2 Glocke..has not run in this country, but has shown fair form abroad. 1884 Cambr. Rev. 10 Dec. 131 In the winning crew: M...kept his form well. b. transferred. Liveliness, high spirits, conversational powers, or the like. colloquial. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pleasure > cheerfulness > [noun] > cheerful liveliness taitea1400 lightsomeness?a1425 alacritya1460 life1583 sprightfulness1602 airiness1628 alacriousness1657 animal spirits1701 spirits1716 chirpiness1867 form1877 chipperness1887 1877 Mrs. Church Father's Name (Tauchn.) II. i. 17 The Misses Lillietrip were in great form. 1884 Nonconformist & Independent 7 Feb. 130/2 The Irish members..did not appear to have recovered their usual form. 1895 Pall Mall Mag. Sept. 114 Macturk was in great form after his breakfast, apologising to my wife with the grandest air. c. slang. (Without preceding article.) A ‘police record’; a criminal conviction. ΘΚΠ society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > [noun] > crime > involvement with the police > police record police record1773 record1897 jacket1910 form sheet1911 form1958 1958 F. Norman Bang to Rights iii. 151 You can get at least a five..for getting captured with a shooter especially if you've got a bit of form behind you. 1960 ‘M. Underwood’ Death by Misadventure vi. 91 He has form for false pretences, mostly small stuff. 1964 ‘J. Prescot’ Case for Court vi. 107 There's loads of form written down on my conviction card... Juvenile court, police court, quarter sessions and assizes—I've seen 'em all. II. Denoting various material objects. 17. A long seat without a back, a bench. [So Old French forme, medieval Latin forma, applied also to the stalls in a choir, with back, and book-rest. For the origin of this use of the word, compare Old French s'asseoir en forme, to sit in a row or in fixed order.] ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > seat > bench > [noun] bencheOE binkc1175 bankc1275 forma1387 sede1552 siege1566 bench seat1825 a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 99 Benches, stoles, formes. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 172/1 Foorme, longe stole, sponda. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. ccxxii. f. cxliii The Munkes with Fourmes and Candelstyckes defended theym. 1539 Act 31 Hen. VIII c. 10 The same fourme that the arche~bishop of Canterburie sitteth on. 1613 S. Hieron Baptizing of Eunuch in Wks. (1620) I. 282 To sitte in the schoole of Christ vpon the learners forme. 1641 in J. Barmby Churchwardens' Accts. Pittington (1888) 191 Item for 2 short fourmes to sett a coffin uppon. 1694 J. Evelyn Diary (1955) V. 192 I went to Paules to see the Choire..: The pulling out of the Formes, like drawers from under the stalles, is very ingenious. 1745 P. Thomas True Jrnl. Voy. South-Seas 320 They have no Seats, as in our Churches, only Forms. 1833 L. Ritchie Wanderings by Loire 33 A large cold room, garnished with deal tables and forms. 1875 ‘A. R. Hope’ My Schoolboy Friends 35 Abbing was made to stand upon a form. 1877 J. D. Chambers Divine Worship Eng. 139 The First Three Lessons..were read by Boys from each side alternately from the first Form. 18. a. Mechanics, etc. A mould or ‘shape’; an implement on which anything is shaped or fashioned. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > other specific types of equipment > [noun] > moulds or shaping equipment mouldc1330 share mould1568 matrice1587 matrix1626 form1655 ice mould1781 intaglio1825 hand mould1829 striker1843 wax-mould1849 Savoy mould1866 snap-flask1875 moulding board1882 pipe diea1884 injection mould1945 shell-mould1950 the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > [noun] > cast or impression > mould mouldc1330 matrice1587 moulder1612 plasm1620 matrix1626 model1636 form1655 impress1695 proplasm1695 form-board1917 1655 W. Gouge & T. Gouge Learned Comm. Hebrewes (iii. 1) i. 273 If the form be square or round, so will the metall be. 1669 S. Sturmy Mariners Mag. v. 63 To have a form of Wood turned to the height of the Cartredge. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Form, is also us'd in the Mechanic Arts, for a kind of Mould, whereon a Thing is fashion'd, or wrought. As the Hatters Form, the Papermakers Form, &c. 1858 in P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Forms, the moulds for making wads by. b. A temporary structure for containing fresh concrete and giving it the required shape while it sets. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > building and constructing equipment > [noun] > temporary support for concrete shuttering1895 form1908 formwork1918 society > occupation and work > equipment > building and constructing equipment > [noun] > equipment for concrete construction > mould mould1868 form1908 form-board1917 sonotube1943 1908 T. Potter Concrete (ed. 3) xvi. 281 There are no set methods for making forms; a common-sense joiner will soon develop ideas of his own..especially if he sees castings turned out a few times. 1964 Economist 6 June 1151/1 A ‘slip form paver’..pulls along behind it its own shuttering or ‘forms’ which keep the concrete from spreading sideways as it sets. a. A window-frame. [So French forme.] Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > window or door > parts of windows > [noun] > window-frame form1463 case1517 window frame1627 gasement1628 window case1660 casement1662 sash1681 chassis1691 Venetian frame1833 1463 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 39 The glas and the foorme of stoon that longith vnto the same wyndowe. b. A case or box. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > receptacle or container > case or container > [noun] casea1382 custody1483 clausure1564 pen-case1577 forel1578 form1594 cap-case1597 cassole1599 scissor case1602 out-case1651 carrying case1867 carry case1897 1594 H. Plat Jewell House 1 Cause new fourmes of Lead to be made..in euerie of which fourmes place one flower..let these fourmes be well fitted with their apt couers, and sodered verie close. 20. a. Printing. A body of type, secured in a chase, for printing at one impression. (Often spelt forme.) ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > types, blocks, or plates > relating to type > composed type > [noun] > forme form1481 type-form1839 1481 W. Caxton tr. Siege & Conqueste Jerusalem (1893) ccxii. 312 Whiche book I.. sette in forme & enprynted the xx day of nouembre. c1483 W. Caxton Bk. for Travellers 24 b At Westmestre by london In fourmes enprinted [Fr. En formes impressee]. 1594 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. II. 338 The Printer that putteth ynke vpon the fourmes. 1691 A. Wood Athenæ Oxonienses II. 315 He flew to the Printing-house and commanded the Compositors to distribute the form. a1790 B. Franklin Autobiogr. (1981) i. 45 On occasion, I carried up & down Stairs a large Form of Types in each hand. 1882 C. Pebody Eng. Journalism xv. 107 The printers, even with three sets of formes, often found themselves working off papers half through the night. 1888 J. Southward in Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 700 The pages of types..are then ready to be made into a forme. b. to go up the form (see quot. 16831). ΚΠ 1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 318 Thus Beating from the hither towards the farther side, is in Press-mens phrase called Going up the Form. 1683 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises II. 318 Then in like manner he again skips the Balls from the second and fourth Row to the first and third Row, and again Goes up the Form with the Balls. 1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory iii. iii. 121/2 Going up the Form, it is a Pressman phrase, when he beat over the first and thrid rows or colums of the Form with his Ink Balls. 21. a. The nest or lair in which a hare crouches. Also rarely, of a deer. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Lagomorpha (rabbits and hares) > [noun] > family Leporidae > genus Lepus (hares) > lepus europaeus (hare) > lair or breeding place formc1290 maze1486 meuse1585 squat1590 muset1594 stool1607 hare-warren1647 seat1735 the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > family Cervidae (deer) > [noun] > place frequented by saltary1598 form1799 pen1829 yard1829 saltory1867 saltatory1903 c1290 , etc. in Middle Eng. Dict. a1300 Fragm. Pop. Sc. (Wright) 318 I-buyd as an hare Whan he in forme lyth. c1386 G. Chaucer Shipman's Tale 104 As in a fourme sitteth a wery hare. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 172/1 Foorme of an hare, or oþer lyke, lustrum. 1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie lviii. 161 When a Hare ryseth out of the forme. 1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique vii. xxxiii. 859 The first point..for the killing of the hare, consisteth in finding out her forme. 1735 W. Somervile Chace ii. 38 In the dry crumbling Bank Their Forms they delve. 1799 J. Robertson Gen. View Agric. Perth 329 The young [deer] keep close to their form, until the dam return to raise them. 1845 C. Darwin Jrnl. (ed. 2) iii. 46 The Indians catch the Varying Hare by walking spirally round and round, it when on its form. 1916 E. Blunden Harbingers 63 Strange streams Flow flagging in the undescribed deep fourms Of creatures born the first of all. 1952 R. Campbell tr. C. Baudelaire Poems 77 Whereon as in a fourm you would fill out And mould your hair. b. transferred. ΚΠ 1589 Pappe with Hatchet (1844) 19 The knaue was started from his Fourme. 1642 T. Fuller Holy State iii. xxiii. 215 Some Fames are most difficult to trace home to their form. 1655 W. Gurnall Christian in Armour: 1st Pt. 141 After he had hunted Pharoah out of all his formes and burrowes. Compounds C1. General attributive. a. form-establishing adj. ΚΠ 1599 S. Daniel Musophilus in Wks. (1717) 388 Form-establishing Devotion. form-fitting adj. ΚΠ 1897 Sears, Roebuck Catal. No. 104. 237/2 Balbriggan Drawers... Elastic and form fitting. 1970 J. Sangster Touchfeather, Too iv. 87 A girl like me, with a trim little form-fitting uniform to wear, has absolutely no place where she can conceal a gun. form-shifting adj. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > change to something else, transformation > [adjective] > changing in form form-shifting1593 Protean1594 shape-changing1621 Proteusian1689 metamorphostical1722 metamorphic1816 proteiform1833 shape-shifting1884 1593 T. Nashe Christs Teares f. 77v A forme-shyfting deuill, disguised in mans lykenesse. b. (In sense 6b.) form-fellow n. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > equality or equivalence > [noun] > equal, counterpart, or equivalent ylikeeOE likea1200 make?c1225 fellow?a1425 proportion?a1425 countervailc1430 matcha1450 meetc1450 pareil?c1450 resemblant1484 equivalent1502 countermatch1587 second1599 parallel1600 equipollent1611 balancea1616 tantamount1637 analogy1646 analogate1652 form-fellow1659 equivalency1698 par1711 homologizer1716 peel1722 analogon1797 quits1806 correlate1821 analogue1837 representant1847 homologue1848 countertype1855 homologon1871 correlative1875 vis-à-vis1900 counterpart1903 society > education > learning > learner > one attending school > [noun] > schoolfellow school ferea1387 schoolfellow1440 schoolmate1563 school companion1739 school chuma1817 form-fellow1820 fellow1844 1659 T. Fuller Appeal Iniured Innocence i. 55* The Brittaines, form-fellowes with the Grecians, were wholly given to Idolatry. 1820 Ld. Byron Let. 6 Oct. (1977) VII. 192 I met..my old School and form-fellow. form-master n. ΘΚΠ society > education > teaching > teacher > schoolteacher or schoolmaster > [noun] > form master form-master1888 1888 Daily News 10 Sept. 5/3 The active rivalry of form masters. form-room n. ΘΚΠ society > education > place of education > educational buildings > [noun] > school > schoolroom schoolroom1673 classroom1777 form-room1875 1875 Cliftonian Apr. 40 Let the admirer of antiquity confine his excitement to the form-room. 1897 H. W. Bleackley Short Innings xv The bell..signified that all the boys should be in their form rooms. 1907 C. L. Thomson Teaching English 11 The form-room library, under the control of the form mistress. c. (In sense 12b.) form-filling n. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > manner of writing > [noun] > form-filling form-filling1856 1856 C. Dickens Little Dorrit (1857) ii. viii. 387 The work of form-filling..memorandum-making. 1960 Guardian 3 Feb. 6/4 A minimum of fuss but plenty of form-filling. C2. Librarianship. Used attributively in form-catalogue, form-class, etc., to denote a catalogue or catalogue entry in which books of a certain kind (poetry, almanacs, fiction, etc.) are listed together. ΘΚΠ society > communication > book > book list > [noun] > list of books in library or libraries > types of library list or catalogue curating book1697 card catalogue1853 title catalogue1875 form-catalogue1876 shelf-catalogue1882 sheaf catalogue1902 shelf-list1910 society > communication > book > book list > [noun] > list of books in library or libraries > types of library list or catalogue > division of facet1944 form-class1966 1876 C. A. Cutter Rules Dict. Catal. in Public Libraries U.S.A.: Special Rep.: Pt. II (Dept. Interior, Bureau Educ.) Contents Form-catalogue. 1876 C. A. Cutter Rules Dict. Catal. in Public Libraries U.S.A.: Special Rep.: Pt. II (Dept. Interior, Bureau Educ.) 14 Form-entry, registry under the name of the kind of literature to which the book belongs. 1876 C. A. Cutter Rules Dict. Catal. in Public Libraries U.S.A.: Special Rep.: Pt. II (Dept. Interior, Bureau Educ.) 49 In the catalogues of libraries consisting chiefly of English books, if it is thought most convenient to make form-entries under the headings Poetry, Drama, Fiction, it may be done. 1876 C. A. Cutter Rules Dict. Catal. in Public Libraries U.S.A.: Special Rep.: Pt. II (Dept. Interior, Bureau Educ.) 49 There is no reason but want of room why only collections should be entered under form-headings. 1876 C. A. Cutter Rules Dict. Catal. in Public Libraries U.S.A.: Special Rep.: Pt. II (Dept. Interior, Bureau Educ.) 49 In the case of English fiction a form-list is of such constant use that nearly all libraries have separate fiction catalogues. 1913 J. H. Quinn Library Cataloguing 30 Form-Catalogue is one in which the entries are arranged according to the forms of literature and the languages in which the books are written, either alphabetically or according to the relations of the forms to one another. 1966 T. Landau Encycl. Librarianship (ed. 3) 105/2 Form Classes or divisions are used to contain those works which are required more for the way in which they are written or presented than their subject content. C3. form-board n. (a) a device used in intelligence tests; (b) = 18b. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > imitation > [noun] > cast or impression > mould mouldc1330 matrice1587 moulder1612 plasm1620 matrix1626 model1636 form1655 impress1695 proplasm1695 form-board1917 society > occupation and work > equipment > building and constructing equipment > [noun] > equipment for concrete construction > mould mould1868 form1908 form-board1917 sonotube1943 the mind > mental capacity > psychology > developmental psychology > acquisition of knowledge > test of mental ability > [noun] > test of learning patterns form-board1917 programme1950 1917 L. M. Terman et al. Stanford Rev. Binet-Simon Scale vii. 142 In the form-board test, the younger subjects were a little superior to the older. 1947 P. L. Harriman Dict. Psychol. 141 Form-board, a measure of intelligence which consists of blocks to be fitted into a recess. 1952 Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. Feb. 79 Two versions of the test, of which the first is a ‘formboard’ requiring the actual placing of a piece to complete the pattern. 1958 Archit. Rev. 113 222/1 Formboards are laid between their flanges, mesh reinforcement is laid over tees and formboard, and gypsum concrete is pumped on to make a roof of about 3 in. thick. form book n. [ 16] a record of the performances of a racehorse; also transferred. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > horse racing > equipment > [noun] > books Ruff1853 form book1923 1923 P. G. Wodehouse Inimitable Jeeves xiv. 180 The race went by the form-book all right. 1934 P. G. Wodehouse Right ho, Jeeves i. 14 Gussie Fink-Nottle, against all the ruling of the form book, might have fallen in love. 1955 T. Rattigan Separate Tables i According to this form book, Marston Lad is worth a bob or two each way. 1962 John o' London's 1 Feb. 115/1 Her acting range, when you go through the form-book, though deep, is also somewhat narrow. form-class n. (a) Forestry (see quot. 1905), (b) Linguistics a class of linguistic forms having some feature in common, such as being usable in the same position within a given construction, or being spoken with exclamatory final pitch. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > [noun] > linguistic category or set form-class1905 category1933 superset1970 the world > food and drink > farming > forestry or arboriculture > [noun] > growing-stock > form-class of trees form-class1905 1905 Terms Forestry & Logging (Bull. U.S. Dept. Agric., Bureau Forestry, No. 61) 12 Form class, all trees in a stand so similar in form that the same form factor is applicable in determining their actual volume. 1921 E. Sapir Lang. Index 252 Form-classes. 1932 Forestry 6 143 Each tree was placed in its form-class according to the value of the girth quotient. 1933 L. Bloomfield Lang. ix. 146 All English substantives belong to a form-class. 1933 L. Bloomfield Lang. xii. 202 The form-class of limiting adjectives is much smaller than that of descriptive adjectives. 1958 C. F. Hockett Course in Mod. Linguistics xviii. 162 A class of forms which have similar privileges of occurrence in building larger forms is a form-class. 1962 in F. W. Householder & S. Saporta Probl. Lexicogr. 280 The principle of form-class equivalence, that glosses should be perfect and complete translations in respect to grammatical class. 1970 A. Cameron et al. Computers & Old Eng. Concordances 48 Through the form classes, the user has an index to various class correlations—agreement, concord, [etc.]. form-critic n. one who engages in form-criticism. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > literary and textual criticism > literary criticism > [noun] > types of literary criticism > exponent of form-historian1928 form-critic1933 contextualist1936 New Critic1941 style critic1959 Barthesian1966 new historicist1971 narratologist1974 post-structuralist1974 deconstructor1978 Derridean1978 deconstructionist1982 1933 V. Taylor Format. Gospel Trad. i. 19 The Form-Critics..appear to proceed as if they had lighted upon a method which supersedes all others. 1956 H. Gardner Limits Lit. Crit. ii. 23 The fundamental question which the form-critic asks is ‘Why was the story told?’ or ‘What is the point of the story?’ form-critical adj. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > literary and textual criticism > literary criticism > [adjective] > types of literary criticism genetic1880 intertextual1904 form-historical1928 form-critical1933 New Critical1945 Leavisite1946 Leavisian1947 Arnoldian1953 post-structural1961 post-structuralist1967 Barthesian1971 Derridean1973 narratological1975 deconstructive1977 new historicist1985 1933 V. Taylor Format. Gospel Trad. i. 19 The historical sketch will have served the purpose..of introducing the leading members of the Form-critical School. 1957 D. E. Nineham Stud. Gospels p. x He seemed largely to accept Bultmann's very negative assessment of the historical value of the Gospels as seen through form-critical eyes. form-criticism n. [translating German formgeschichte] Theology a method of literary criticism mainly applied to the Bible, and carried out by first classifying passages as belonging to certain forms (e.g. sayings, myths), and then tracing the early history of these forms with the aim of discovering the original form and relating this to its historical setting. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > literary and textual criticism > literary criticism > [noun] > types of literary criticism criticism1625 critical theory1799 literary theory1807 autocriticism1820 pseudo-criticism1851 Formgeschichte1923 form-criticism1928 form-history1928 practical criticism1929 New Criticism1941 contextualism1955 patternism1956 objectivism1961 narratology1971 new historicism1972 deconstruction1973 post-structuralism1975 deconstructionism1980 theory1982 1928 B. S. Easton Gospel before Gospels ii. 32 With Dibelius form-history is raised to the rank of a distinct discipline..in his hands ‘form-history’ becomes ‘form-criticism’. 1935 C. H. Dodd Parables of Kingdom iv. 111 The most recent school of Gospel criticism, that of Formgeschichte, or ‘Form-criticism’, has taught us that in order to understand rightly any passage in the gospels we must enquire into the ‘setting in life’..in which the tradition underlying that passage took form. 1951 N. Annan Leslie Stephen vi. 183 Some critics declare that form-criticism, which discloses the tradition of the early Church, rather than source-criticism, is the most fruitful method of interpreting the evidence. 1963 C. H. Dodd Hist. Trad. in Fourth Gosp. 6 The application of form-criticism opened up new lines of approach. form drag n. Aeronautics the drag on a moving body that depends directly on its shape and is due to the unequal pressure over its surface that results from the disturbance of the fluid. ΘΚΠ society > travel > air or space travel > specific movements or positions of aircraft > aerodynamic forces and concepts > [noun] > drag > types of parasite resistance1918 profile drag1922 induced drag1926 parasite drag1927 form drag1931 pressure drag1933 parasitic drag1937 wave drag1948 1931 T. G. Whitlock Appl. Aerodynam. iii. 38 Form drag..is not a frictional or rubbing force acting tangentially to the surface, like skin friction. 1937 Jrnl. Royal Aeronaut. Soc. 41 1120 Air resistance consists of the skin friction and of the drag due to the inertia of the medium (‘form drag’ according to modern terminology). 1951 D. O. Dommasch et al. Airplane Aerodynamics vi. 146 The various types of drag..are as follows: (1) form or pressure drag; (2) skin-friction drag; (3) induced drag; and (4) wave drag. 1970 A. C. Kermode Flight without Formulae (ed. 4) 63 That part of the drag which is due to the shape or ‘form’ of a body, and which can be reduced by streamlining, is called form drag. form factor n. Forestry (see quots.). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > forestry or arboriculture > lumbering > [noun] > tree-crop > measurements of standing timber stumpage1854 scale1877 increment1889 taper1893 basal area1895 form factor1895 cruise1911 1895 W. Schlich Man. Forestry III. i. 36 Under ‘form factor’ is understood the proportion which exists between the volume of a tree and that of a regularly shaped body which has the same base and height as the tree. 1953 Brit. Commonw. For. Term. I. 63 Form factor, the ratio of the volume of a tree or its part to the product of its basal area and height. form-genus n. Biology a collective group of form-species showing morphological similarities but not necessarily a genetic relationship. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > taxonomy > taxon > [noun] > genus or sub-genus > form-genus or form-species form-genus1873 form-species1886 1873 Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. 13 411 He is careful to retain a complete and concise enumeration of the various ‘artificial species’, ‘form-genera’, or ‘phases’, in which the natural species may manifest themselves. 1900 B. D. Jackson Gloss. Bot. Terms 174/2 The form-genus Oidium. 1935 E. A. Bessey Text-bk. Mycol. xiv. 375 Since the genera based on asexual structures do not necessarily indicate true relationships of the included species the term ‘form genus’ was suggested for such groups by Schroeter. 1960 H. H. Swinnerton Fossils x. 58 These genera are therefore not based upon genetic affinity but upon outstanding similarities of form. They are in fact morphological or form genera marking grades of evolution. form-historian n. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > literary and textual criticism > literary criticism > [noun] > types of literary criticism > exponent of form-historian1928 form-critic1933 contextualist1936 New Critic1941 style critic1959 Barthesian1966 new historicist1971 narratologist1974 post-structuralist1974 deconstructor1978 Derridean1978 deconstructionist1982 1928 B. S. Easton Gospel before Gospels ii. 31 The Synoptic material, obviously, offers a tempting field to the form-historian. form-historical adj. = form-critical adj. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > literary and textual criticism > literary criticism > [adjective] > types of literary criticism genetic1880 intertextual1904 form-historical1928 form-critical1933 New Critical1945 Leavisite1946 Leavisian1947 Arnoldian1953 post-structural1961 post-structuralist1967 Barthesian1971 Derridean1973 narratological1975 deconstructive1977 new historicist1985 1928 B. S. Easton Gospel before Gospels iii. 59 In 1924 such an examination appeared, The Form-Historical Method, by Licentiate Emil Fascher. 1934 F. C. Grant in Bultmann's Form Criticism i. 7 To grasp the main outlines of the form-historical method. 1954 Sc. Jrnl. Theol. 7 339 There is considerable evidence on form-historical principles themselves. form-history n. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > literary and textual criticism > literary criticism > [noun] > types of literary criticism criticism1625 critical theory1799 literary theory1807 autocriticism1820 pseudo-criticism1851 Formgeschichte1923 form-criticism1928 form-history1928 practical criticism1929 New Criticism1941 contextualism1955 patternism1956 objectivism1961 narratology1971 new historicism1972 deconstruction1973 post-structuralism1975 deconstructionism1980 theory1982 1928 B. S. Easton Gospel before Gospels ii. 32 With Dibelius form-history is raised to the rank of a distinct discipline..in his hands ‘form-history’ becomes ‘form-criticism’. form letter n. a standardized letter, esp. one that can be sent to correspondents who inquire about routine matters or topics of frequent occurrence. ΘΚΠ society > communication > correspondence > letter > [noun] > letter intended for many recipients fire briefa1643 circular letter1659 circulatory letter1668 circular1818 omnibus letter1861 round robin1871 chain letter1906 form letter1909 1909 Sat. Evening Post 13 Feb. 8/1 The credit man..had a perfect passion for form letters. 1921 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 11 Mar. 16/7 The original bill and the polite note are as nothing compared with the ‘form’ letter sent out by firms which make a business of debt collecting. 1922 S. Lewis Babbitt iii. 36 The fortnightly form-letter, to be mimeographed and sent out to a thousand ‘prospects’. 1932 Crooks & Dawson Etheridge's Dict. Typewriting (ed. 3) 147 Form letters..are printed forms or skeleton letters which are allotted numbers for identification by the typists when they are instructed..to send stock letters in reply to inquiries which do not warrant separate letters. 1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) Mag. 17 Feb. 5 A form letter to boys who send in asking for hockey photos. form-line n. Cartography (usually plural) lines drawn on a map to indicate the estimated configuration or elevation between the contour lines. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > earth sciences > geography > map-making > map > [noun] > line on map > contour or form line contour1840 contour line1844 form-line1935 1935 Geogr. Jrnl. 86 253 The topography sketched in by the use of formlines at intervals of approximately 200 feet. 1951 F. Stark Beyond Euphrates 231 I am still in hectic work over my map, which has to have all the heights and form-lines fixed by Tuesday. 1961 L. D. Stamp Gloss. Geogr. Terms 125/1 Many cartographers are careful to draw a distinction between ‘contours’ which are based on instrumental survey and ‘form-lines’ which are sketched in from general observations. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > architectural ornament > [noun] > tracery > types of > specific parts form-pieces1360 1360 Ely Sacrist. Roll in J. H. Parker Gloss. Terms Archit. (1850) I. 216 In 2 lapidibus vocat fourme peces empt. 5s. 1450 in J. Raine Hist. Dunelmensis Scriptores Tres (1839) 325 Pro factura ij formpeys. form quality n. [translating German gestaltqualität (C. von Ehrenfels 1890, in Vierteljahrsschrift f. wissensch. Philos. XIV. 256] (see quot. 1901). ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > psychology > psychology of perception > object of perception > structure perceived as a whole > [noun] > of particular form form quality1901 1901 J. M. Baldwin Dict. Philos. & Psychol. I. 391/2 Form quality, that which characterizes a mental whole as being of a particular form, as being formed, or as having relations of parts. 1938 R. S. Woodworth Exper. Psychol. xxv. 623 The form quality of the tune does not reside in the constituent notes but in their pattern and mutual relations. 1948 Mind 57 23 We can..apprehend directly such form-qualities as sketchiness and schematicity. 1955 F. H. Allport Theories of Perception xviii. 498 Form-qualities are one type of such universals, for..they transcend the particular receptor pattern made by the stimulus-object of the moment. form-species n. see form-genus n. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > taxonomy > taxon > [noun] > genus or sub-genus > form-genus or form-species form-genus1873 form-species1886 1886 Encycl. Brit. XXI. 399/2 Billroth came forward in 1874 with the startling view that the various ‘form-species’ and ‘form-genera’ are only different states of one and the same organism. form-symbol n. a symbol designating the form of a crystal (see 1c). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > crystallography (general) > [noun] > symbols > designating form form-symbol1959 1959 Dana's Man. Mineral. (ed. 17) ii. 27 Miller indices also may be used as form symbols and are then enclosed in braces. form-word n. Grammar a word serving the function of an inflection; also gen., a word expressing a formal or grammatical feature; a function word; = functor n. 3. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > [noun] > function word particle1533 parcel1571 syncategorem1655 agency1778 empty word1854 symbolic1871 form-word1875 structural word1884 particule1889 pheme1906 structure word1925 function word1927 operator1938 logical word1940 keneme1950 rheme1953 functor1958 the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > inflection > [noun] > word serving function of inflection form-word1875 1875 W. D. Whitney Life & Growth Lang. ii. 21 The auxiliary apparatus of inflections and form-words. 1889 Cent. Dict. Formword,..a word showing relation only or chiefly; an independent word performing an office such as in other languages..is performed by the formative parts of words. 1892 H. Sweet New Eng. Gram. I. 22 We call such words as the and is form-words, because they are words in form only. When a form-word is entirely devoid of meaning, we may call it an empty word, as opposed to full words such as earth and round. 1937–8 Proc. Aristotelian Soc. 38 196 Such form-words as all, some, this, not, and and implies. 1964 Eng. Stud. 45 241 Such formwords as thou, yon(der, and there. 1967 R. A. Waldron Sense & Sense Devel. ii. 45 Even individual words like and, but, or,..(which are variously known as function words, form words, operators, functors, or kenemes)..are defined grammatically rather than, or as well as, lexically. formwork n. timber, steel, etc. made up into a form or set of forms for concrete (see 18b). ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > building and constructing equipment > [noun] > temporary support for concrete shuttering1895 form1908 formwork1918 society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > concrete > [noun] > material made into mould for concrete formwork1918 1918 G. A. Hool & N. C. Johnson Concrete Engineers' Handbk. ii. 94 Formwork, of course, should in every case leave the finished concrete true to line and surface. 1943 J. S. Huxley TVA 83 (caption) The arrangement of rough timber formwork into which the concrete is poured. 1962 Engineering 31 Aug. 267/1 A method of using precision-made steel formwork for the placing in situ of structural concrete in room width tunnel sections. Draft additions 1993 form sheet n. Horse Racing (originally U.S.) a (printed) record of the past performance of a racehorse or racehorses; a form book; also transferred, any past record, esp. of criminal convictions. ΘΚΠ society > communication > record > written record > [noun] > other types of written record criminal record1687 police record1773 office copy1776 geological record1811 time card1837 phylactery1855 reservation1884 press cutting1888 record1897 trace1898 swindle sheet1906 form sheet1911 Dead Sea Scrolls1949 yellow card1970 society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > [noun] > crime > involvement with the police > police record police record1773 record1897 jacket1910 form sheet1911 form1958 society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > horse racing > equipment > [noun] > printed record of past performance tissue1866 racing form1895 form sheet1911 1911 G. Ade in N.Y. Times Mag. 17 Sept. 14/3 One day he was in a Pool Room working on the Form Sheet with about 150 other Students. 1971 R. Busby Deadlock vi. 84 He's got two previous for indecent assault and one for flashing on his form sheet. 1983 H. Evans Good Times, Bad Times vi. 120 It was remarked that Thomson hardly had Murdoch's form sheet. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online June 2022). formv.1 1. a. transitive. To give form or shape to; to put into or reduce to shape; to fashion, mould. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > shape or give shape to [verb (transitive)] i-schapeOE shapec1000 afaite?c1225 feigna1300 form1340 deformc1384 proportionc1384 throwc1390 figure?a1400 parec1400 mould1408 fashion1413 portrayc1450 effigure1486 porture1489 moul1530 shapen1535 frame1553 proportionate1555 efform1578 inform1590 formate1599 to shape out1600 infigure1611 figurate1615 immodelize1649 effinge1657 effigiate1660 configure1857 carpenter1884 1340–70 Alex. & Dind. 600 We..No figure of fin gold fourme þer-inne. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost viii. 471 The Rib he formd and fashond with his hands. View more context for this quotation 1744 J. Wesley in J. Wesley & C. Wesley Coll. Psalms & Hymns (new ed.) i. 37 Send down the Spirit of thy Son To form my Heart divine. 1809 J. Roland Amateur of Fencing 64 Return to nearly the same position..but forming the parade with a firm, supple, and precise motion. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > reducing to or expressing in a formula > reduce to or express in a formula [verb (transitive)] formc1330 conceivec1390 formate1657 formularize1852 formule1852 formulize1859 formulate1860 c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 99 Þe bisshop of Parys þe pes þan formed he. 1631 B. Jonson Bartholmew Fayre iv. vi. 66 in Wks. II Hee'll go neare to forme to her what a debauch'd Rascall I am. 1675 T. Brooks Paradice Opened 1 Seven several pleas, that all sincere Christians may form up. c. To give a specified form to; to mould or fashion into a certain shape, or after, by, from, upon a certain pattern or model; to conform to. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > shape or give shape to [verb (transitive)] > put into a certain shape form1297 figurec1430 shape1457 cast1512 fashion1526 mould1667 set1678 modela1704 throw1804 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (Rolls) 3179 Yfourmed as a dragon ase red ase fur. 1303 R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne 3781 God louyþ euery creature þat he formed to hys fygure. c1330 King of Tars 578 Yif Mahoun and Jovin con Make hit iformed aftur mon, With lyf and lymes ariht. c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) vii. 25 Þat worme es turned till a fewle perfitely fourmed. c1440 Gesta Romanorum (Add. MS.) xviii. 332 The soule, sette aboute with vertues, whan god fourmed it to his liknesse. c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lxxxiii. 263 By ye lorde that fourmyd me to his semblaunce. 1674 A. Cremer tr. J. Scheffer Hist. Lapland 64 Charles..divided the Countrey into several parts, and formed it into better order. 1683 W. Salmon Doron Medicum i. 107 Forme it into Lozenges of what Fashion you please. 1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) V. 172 A state formed after the model of Crete should..have a character for virtue. d. intransitive. To shape itself into. Also, †to agree in form, fit with. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > have (specific) shape [verb (intransitive)] > agree in form form1680 the world > space > shape > have (specific) shape [verb (intransitive)] > assume definite shape > specific mould1612 form1680 1680 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. x. 191 In short time wears the out-side of that Corner to comply and form with the hollow of the Gouge. 1882 School Jrnl. June 455/1 If a cold wind comes sweeping along..and chills this vapor, it forms into great bodies of water-dust clouds, and the sky is overcast. ΘΚΠ society > communication > representation > physical representation of abstraction > represent physically [verb (transitive)] representc1400 picturea1530 form1590 embody1741 to body forth1800–24 effigy1815 thing1883 vehiculate1928 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. Proem sig. Bb4 Sith it [sc. Chastity] is shrined in my Soueraines brest, And formd so liuely in each perfect part, That [etc.]. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > agreement > make an agreement with [verb (transitive)] > agree to do formc1540 condition1613 c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 10946 There þai fourmyt a fest..Serten dayes by-dene duly to hold. g. (a) [after French former (G. Planté 1872, in Compt. Rend. 74 593).] To convert electrolytically the surface of (a positive or †negative plate of a lead-acid accumulator) into its active form by passing a direct current through it in both directions alternately. Also intransitive for passive. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > galvanism, voltaism > produce electromotive force [verb (transitive)] > convert into active form form1881 1881 S. P. Thompson Storage Electr. 11/2 M. Planté..minutely describes the process of ‘forming’ the cell. 1881 S. P. Thompson Storage Electr. 11/2 The charges may last several hours, and by the end of several months, the cell will be well ‘formed’. 1893 T. O'C. Sloane Standard Electr. Dict. 72 Two lead plates..are ‘formed’, by exposure to an electrolyzing current of electricity in one direction, while they are immersed in dilute sulphuric acid. 1902 Encycl. Brit. XXV. 26/2 They required too much time to ‘form’. 1932 A. D. Althouse & C. H. Turnquist Mod. Storage Battery Pract. iii. 73 After the active materials have been pasted into the plates, the plates are formed by a series of charges and discharges. 1964 G. Smith Storage Batteries ii. 23 Planté negatives have been obsolete for many years, and it is modern practice to form Planté positives against plain lead sheets, or ‘dummies’. (b) To subject (a semiconductor device or some kinds of rectifier) to a relatively large current or voltage in order to produce or modify permanently certain electrical characteristics. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > solid state physics > semiconductivity > introduce charge carriers to [verb (transitive)] > produce or modify characteristics form1926 1926 [implied in: Physical Rev. 2nd Ser. 27 813 No forming is necessary so the rectifier is immediately operative when the alternating voltage is applied. (at forming n. b)]. 1949 Bardeen & Brattain in Physical Rev. 2nd Ser. 75 1210/1 When the two points were connected as emitter and collector, and the collector was electrically formed, transistor action was obtained. 1953 R. A. Harvey Battery Chargers iv. 92 Once the [selenium] rectifier is formed it remains reasonably stable. 1962 L. P. Hunter Handbk. Semiconductor Electronics (ed. 2) viii. 15 A procedure similar to that of forming a point contact can be used to create small-area PN junctions under a metal contact. 2. a. To mould by discipline or education; to train, instruct. Now rare, except with the mind, a faculty, etc. as object. Also reflexive to shape one's conduct, style, etc. on or upon (a model). ΘΚΠ society > education > [verb (transitive)] tighta1000 teec1000 thewc1175 forma1340 informc1350 nurturec1475 train1531 breeda1568 train1600 to lick (a person or thing) into (shape , etc.)1612 scholar1807 educate1826 society > education > teaching > [verb (transitive)] i-taechec888 lerec900 iwisseOE to teach a personc1000 wisc1000 ylereOE avayc1315 readc1330 learna1382 informc1384 beteacha1400 form1399 kena1400 redec1400 indoctrinea1450 instructc1449 ensign1474 doctrine1475 introduct1481 lettera1500 endoctrinec1500 to have (a person) in schooling?1553 lesson1555 tutor1592 orthographize1596 pupil1599 con1612 indoctrinate1621 art1628 doctrinate1631 document1648 verse1672 documentizea1734 form1770 intuit1776 skill1809 indoctrinize1861 a1340 R. Rolle Psalter xvii. 29 Þaire maners ere fourmed of samen lifynge. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 105 Thus; form'd for speed he [sc. a horse] challenges the Wind. View more context for this quotation 1724 A. Collins Disc. Grounds Christian Relig. 140 It seems..natural for a body of slaves..to be form'd by their masters. 1746 in Colonial Rec. Pennsylvania (1851) V. 51 One of Your Royal Blood, form'd upon your Majestie's Example. 1749 T. Smollett tr. A. R. Le Sage Gil Blas v. i On this hint I formed myself. 1770 J. Langhorne & W. Langhorne tr. Plutarch Lives (1879) II. 715/2 The reward he gave him for forming his son was..honourable. 1778 Earl of Pembroke Mil. Equitation 87 There is a great deal of good sense in Xenophon's method of forming horses for war. 1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall III. 2 The most skilful masters..had laboured to form the mind and body of the young prince. 1812 H. Davy Elements Chem. Philos. 18 Van Helmont..was formed in the school of Alchemy. 1847 L. Hunt Men, Women, & Bks. II. vii. 96 Formed under their auspices, our parrot soon equalled his instructors. 1888 A. Jessopp Coming of Friars iv. 197 Rudely scrawled by some one whose hand is not yet formed. b. To inform of; also, to instruct. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > education > teaching > [verb (transitive)] i-taechec888 lerec900 iwisseOE to teach a personc1000 wisc1000 ylereOE avayc1315 readc1330 learna1382 informc1384 beteacha1400 form1399 kena1400 redec1400 indoctrinea1450 instructc1449 ensign1474 doctrine1475 introduct1481 lettera1500 endoctrinec1500 to have (a person) in schooling?1553 lesson1555 tutor1592 orthographize1596 pupil1599 con1612 indoctrinate1621 art1628 doctrinate1631 document1648 verse1672 documentizea1734 form1770 intuit1776 skill1809 indoctrinize1861 society > communication > information > action of informing > give (information) [verb (transitive)] > inform (a person) to teach a person a thingc888 meanOE wiseOE sayOE wittera1225 tellc1225 do to witc1275 let witc1275 let seec1330 inform1384 form1399 lerea1400 to wit (a person) to saya1400 learn1425 advertise1431 givec1449 insense?c1450 instruct1489 ascertain1490 let1490 alighta1500 advert1511 signify1523 reform1535 advise1562 partake1565 resolve1568 to do to ware1594 to let into one's knowledge1596 intellect1599 possess1600 acquainta1616 alighten1615 recommenda1616 intelligence1637 apprise1694 appraise1706 introduce1741 avail1785 prime1791 document1807 to put up1811 to put a person au fait of1828 post1847 to keep (someone) straight1862 monish1866 to put next to1896 to put (one) wise (to)1896 voice1898 in the picture1900 to give (someone) a line on1903 to wise up1905 drum1908 hip1932 to fill (someone) in on1945 clue1948 background1961 to mark a person's card1961 to loop in1994 1399 W. Langland Richard Redeles iv. 58 Somme..to þe kyng wente, And fformed him of foos, þat good ffrendis weren. c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 71 What may þey do, but..abid til þei be formid wiþ holy writ, how hem is best to do? ΘΚΠ the mind > will > motivation > persuasion > persuade (a person) [verb (transitive)] leada1225 accoya1375 form1399 persuadec1450 persuadec1487 practise1524 temper1525 work1532 suade1548 perduce1563 to draw on1567 overdraw1603 possess1607 bring1611 sway1625 tickle1677 tamper1687 to touch up1796 to put the comether on someone1818 1399 W. Langland Richard Redeles i. 107 Þe ffrist þat ȝou fformed to þat ffals dede, He shulde have hadde hongynge on hie on þe fforckis. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 8027 How þat faire, by his fader, was fourmet to wende To the grekes. 3. a. To place in order, arrange. Also, to embody, organize (persons or things) into (a society, system, etc.). Cf. 8a. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > arrange [verb (transitive)] stightc825 fadec1020 orderc1225 adightc1275 dightc1275 castc1320 raila1350 form1362 stightlea1375 rayc1380 informa1382 disposea1387 throwc1390 addressa1393 shifta1400 rengea1425 to set forth?c1450 rule1488 rummage1544 marshalc1547 place1548 suit1552 dispone1558 plat1587 enrange1590 draw1663 range1711 arrange1791 to lay out1848 the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > gather together [verb (transitive)] > group > into a society, system, etc. form1667 1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. viii. 39 Þat I ne schal sende ȝor soules saaf in-to heuene, And bi-foren þe Face of my Fader fourmen or seetes. c1420 Pallad. on Husb. i. 1101 But setis make yfourmed as thee list. 1667 R. Allestree Causes Decay Christian Piety xv. 360 Our divisions with the Romanists..are thus form'd into an interest. 1700 S. L. tr. C. Schweitzer Relation Voy. in tr. C. Frick & C. Schweitzer Relation Two Voy. E.-Indies 309 We were commanded..to form ourselves into a Ring. 1772 T. Simes Mil. Guide (1781) 12 The routes must be so formed, that no column cross another on the march. 1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People ii. §6. 93 The Clerks of the Royal Chapel were formed into a body of secretaries. b. intransitive for reflexive. (Cf. 8b.) ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > get or fall into arrangement [verb (intransitive)] marshal1583 arrange1805 form1821 1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel I. 44 The noisy rout..Form round the ring superior strength to show. 4. a. To construct, frame; to make, bring into existence, produce. Const. from, of, out of (the material or elements). Also, to articulate, pronounce (a word, etc.). ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > [verb (transitive)] > construct workOE dighta1175 to set upc1275 graitha1300 formc1300 pitchc1330 compoundc1374 to put togethera1387 performc1395 bigc1400 elementc1400 complexion1413 erect1417 framea1450 edifya1464 compose1481 construe1490 to lay together1530 perstruct1547 to piece together1572 condite1578 conflate1583 compile1590 to put together1591 to set together1603 draw1604 build1605 fabric1623 complicate1624 composit1640 constitute1646 compaginate1648 upa1658 complex1659 construct1663 structurate1664 structure1664 confect1677 to put up1699 rig1754 effect1791 structuralize1913 the mind > language > speech > speak, say, or utter [verb (transitive)] > articulate or pronounce sayOE shapec1200 formc1300 pronouncec1390 sound1543 prelatea1549 frame1549 articulate1561 annunciate1763 enunciate1767 enounce1829 c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 36 God..Formede hire wimman to be born. 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Gen. ii. 7 God thanne fourmede man of the slyme of the erthe. c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 139 He answerde me bablynge as a childe þat begynneþ to speke but he myȝte formen non worde. c1440 Gesta Romanorum (Harl.) xlvii. 204 Adam, the whiche was shapin and formide in the felde of Damaske. ?1518 A. Barclay Fyfte Eglog sig. Avv Whan the worlde, was fourmed and create. 1551 S. Gardiner Explic. Catholique Fayth f. 107 Whenne God formed Adam of claye. 1577 E. Hellowes tr. A. de Guevara Chron. 75 He made the Goddesse Venus in Alabaster..and of waxe did fourme the whole Island Creta. 1611 Bible (King James) 2 Esdras vi. 39 The sound of mans voice was not yet formed . View more context for this quotation 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xi. 570 The liquid Ore he dreind Into fit moulds prepar'd; from which he formd First his own Tooles. View more context for this quotation 1800 tr. E. J. B. Bouillon-Lagrange Man. Course Chem. II. 151 The oxygen of the oxide of the gold seizes on the hydrogen and forms water. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 294 It had recently been formed out of the cavalry who had returned from Tangier. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xxvii. 202 The snow had given way, forming a zigzag fissure across the slope. 1885 Antiquary Sept. 89/1 Henry VIII...was the first English king to form a gallery of pictures. b. To frame in the mind, conceive (an idea, judgement, opinion, etc.). †Formerly also, to imagine; occasionally to form to oneself (= French se figurer), and with complement. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of ideation > conceive, form in the mind [verb (transitive)] readOE thinkOE bethinkc1175 makea1400 imaginec1400 conceive?a1425 suppose1586 conceit1591 ideate1610 braina1616 forma1616 engross1632 cogitate1856 conceptualize1873 the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > imagine or visualize [verb (transitive)] seeOE thinkOE bethinkc1175 devise1340 portraya1375 imagec1390 dreama1393 supposea1393 imaginea1398 conceive?a1425 fantasyc1430 purposea1513 to frame to oneselfa1529 'magine1530 imaginate1541 fancy1551 surmit?1577 surmise1586 conceit?1589 propose1594 ideate1610 project1612 figurea1616 forma1616 to call up1622 propound1634 edify1645 picture1668 create1679 fancify1748 depicture1775 vision1796 to conjure up1819 conjure1820 envisage1836 to dream up1837 visualize1863 envision1921 pre-visualize1969 the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > judge, determine [verb (transitive)] > form a judgement makea1400 judgea1425 forma1616 a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) iv. iii. 45 Could thought, without this obiect Forme such another? View more context for this quotation 1667 R. Allestree Causes Decay Christian Piety xv. 357 The defeat of the secular Design, is commonly the routing those Opinions, which were formed for the promoting it. 1678 J. Dryden All for Love ii. 22 I form'd the danger greater than it was, And, now 'tis near, 'tis lessen'd. 1703 N. Rowe Fair Penitent ii. i. 424 My sad Soul Has form'd a dismal melancholy Scene. 1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 533. ⁋2 Form to yourself what a persecution this must needs be to a virtuous and chaste mind. 1779 E. Burke Corr. (1844) II. 270 I do not form an estimate of the ideas of the churches of Italy and France from the pulpits of Edinburgh. 1861 M. Pattison in Westm. Rev. Apr. 413 The reader..may form to himself some notion of what [etc.]. 1866 J. Martineau Ess. Philos. & Theol. 1st Ser. 277 We form no judgments till we have got language. c. Parliamentary. = constitute v. 4b. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > English or British parliament > [verb (intransitive)] > form a parliament form1825 1825 T. Jefferson Autobiogr. in Wks. (1859) I. 11 Many members being assembled, but the House not yet formed. d. reflexive and intransitive for reflexive. ΚΠ 1801 R. Southey Thalaba I. i. 25 Three years no cloud had formed. 1853 Ld. Tennyson Sea-fairies (rev. ed.) in Poems (ed. 8) 44 The rainbow forms and flies on the land Over the islands free. 1864 J. Bryce Holy Rom. Empire iv. 49 Very early..had the belief formed itself that [etc.]. 1880 T. A. Spalding Elizabethan Demonol. 128 Stop the butter from forming in the churn. 1893 Law Times 95 40/1 A sheet of ice had formed in front of Proctor's house. 5. To develop in oneself, acquire (habits); to enter into (a junction); to contract (an alliance, friendship, etc.). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > customary or habitual mode of behaviour > do habitually [verb (transitive)] > take up (a habit) fall1541 approach1574 form1736 take1742 to take on1886 the mind > language > speech > agreement > make an agreement with [verb (transitive)] > make conclude or seal (an agreement) binda1300 smitec1330 takec1330 ratify1357 knitc1400 enter1418 obligea1522 agree1523 conclude1523 strike1544 swap1590 celebrate1592 rate?1611 to strike up1646 form1736 firm1970 1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. i. v. 84 Active Habits are to be formed by Exercise. 1783 Ann. Reg. 1781 Hist. Europe 2/1 The French fleet..formed a junction with the Spaniards at Cadiz. 1785 W. Cowper Task ii. 634 We..form connexions, but acquire no friend. 1828 I. D'Israeli Comm. Life Charles I II. xii. 309 With the Flemings..our country had from the earliest times formed an uninterrupted intercourse. 1842 E. Bulwer-Lytton Zanoni 22 He formed no friends. 1891 Speaker 2 May 531/1 Those methodical readers, who have formed the useful habit of keeping commonplace books. 6. a. To be the components or material of; to go to make up, to compose. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > be (part of) [verb (transitive)] > be the or a component(s) of graitha1300 form1377 makea1393 compone1398 constitute1552 go1559 to make up1589 mould1602 compounda1616 integrate1638 elementate1660 compose1665 represent1776 comprise1794 account1893 1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xvii. 169 The fyngres fourmen a ful hande to purtreye or peynten. 1717 tr. A. F. Frézier Voy. South-Sea 48 The Continent, with which it [the island] forms two Passages. 1781 W. Cowper Friendship 14 The requisites that form a friend. 1817 S. T. Coleridge Fire, Famine & Slaughter in Sibylline Leaves Letters four do form his name. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 294 The Life Guards..now form two regiments. 1873 Act 36 & 37 Victoria c. 77. §39 The soil forming such butt or target. 1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People vi. §2. 275 Yeomen and tradesmen formed the bulk of the insurgents. 1885 Manch. Examiner 15 July 5/2 A common mould fungus..forming a kind of black velvety mass. b. To serve for, constitute; to make one or part of. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > be useful to [verb (transitive)] > have a specific use servec1300 serve?c1335 servec1392 form1821 the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > be (part of) [verb (transitive)] form1821 1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel II. 35 Every molehill forms a seat. 1841 D. Brewster Martyrs of Sci. i. vi. 112 His eminent pupil Viviani formed one of his family. 1845 M. Pattison in Christian Remembrancer Jan. 84 The volume of the canons which had formed the object of his study. 1869 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) III. xi. 59 A realm of which Northumberland constitutionally formed a part. c. With mixture of sense 2: To render fit for. ΘΚΠ society > education > teaching > training > train [verb (transitive)] to teach of1297 exercec1374 informc1384 schoolc1456 break1474 instruct1510 nuzzle1519 train1531 train1542 frame1547 experience?c1550 to trade up1556 disciplinea1586 disciple1596 nursle1596 accommodate1640 educate1643 model1665 form1711 to break in1785 scholar1807 1711 R. Steele Spectator No. 49. ⁋3 These are the Men formed for Society. 1777 W. Robertson Hist. Amer. (1778) I. ii. 84 All these qualities formed him for command. 7. Grammar. a. To construct (a new word) by derivation, composition, etc. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > word-formation > form words [verb (transitive)] > derive form1795 1795 L. Murray Eng. Gram. 148 Dissyllables formed by prefixing a syllable to the radical word. b. Of a word or word-stem: To have (a case, tense, etc.) expressed by a specified inflection. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > inflection > inflect [verb (transitive)] > express by inflection form1872 1872 R. Morris Hist. Outl. Eng. Accidence xiii. 168 The verbs of the strong conjugation form the past tense by a change of the root-vowel. 8. Military and Navy. a. To draw up (troops, etc.) in order. Also with up. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > [verb (transitive)] > draw up (troops) raya1387 impale1553 to draw out1587 body1603 to draw up1608 re-form1753 form1816 society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > [verb (transitive)] > draw up (troops) > in battle array setc1275 host1297 ordainc1300 devisec1325 battle1330 arraya1375 stuffc1390 addressa1393 embattle1393 fit?a1400 stedilla1400 fewterc1440 to pitch (also set) a fielda1500 order1509 pitcha1513 deraign1528 marshal1543 re-embattle1590 size1802 form1816 c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1725) 115 Walter Spek ros on hand, þe folk to forme & taile. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 6334 The fourthe batell in feld, he fourmet to leng With Archelaus.] 1816 M. Keating Trav. (1817) II. 5 The troops mount, and, the whole being formed, move off the ground. 1833 Regulations Instr. Cavalry i. ii. 56 The left files to be formed up, and sit at ease, while the right files canter. 1838–42 T. Arnold Hist. Rome III. xliii. 78 Hannibal..forming his men as fast as they landed, led them instantly to the charge. 1870 W. C. Bryant tr. Homer Iliad I. ii. 69 For there was none to form their ranks for fight. 1893 W. Forbes-Mitchell Reminisc. Great Mutiny 41 We were then formed up and served with some rations. b. reflexive and intransitive. Of troops, ships, etc.: To arrange themselves in or assume some particular disposition or formation, according to prescribed rules. Also with up. to form on (some other body): see quot. 1802. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > formation > form or reform [verb (intransitive)] form1723 re-form1761 society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > formation > form (line, column, etc.) [verb (transitive)] > stand in line with cover1796 to form on1799 1723 D. Defoe Hist. Col. Jack (ed. 2) 279 Our Army form'd immediately. 1736 T. Lediard Life Marlborough II. 494 The first Squadrons..had much ado to form themselves. 1795 Ld. Nelson 10 Mar. in Dispatches & Lett. (1845) II. 11 The Admiral made the signal to form in the Order of Battle. 1796 Instr. & Regulations Cavalry 102 They will at once form up. 1799 G. Harris in Marquess Wellesley Select. Despatches (1877) 119 The right wing of the army under my command formed on the picquets of the right. 1802 C. James New Mil. Dict. To Form on, is to advance forward, so as to connect yourself with any given object of formation, and to lengthen the line. 1803 G. Lake in Marquess Wellesley Select. Despatches (1877) 405 The infantry formed in two columns. 1832 H. Martineau Hill & Valley viii. 126 The soldiers formed themselves round the waggon. 1859 Ld. Tennyson Riflemen Form! ii Form, Form, Riflemen Form! Ready, be ready to meet the storm! 1883 Army Corps Orders in Standard 22 Mar. 3/3 When the ‘assemble’ sounds both Forces will form up by Brigades. c. transitive. To arrange themselves in the form of (battalions, a line, etc.). Esp. in the orders form fours! and form two deep! ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military operations > distribution of troops > formation > form (line, column, etc.) [verb (transitive)] rank1573 form1772 1772 T. Simes Mil. Guide (1781) 12 The companies will..form battalions as they advance to the head of the line, and then halt. 1796 Instr. & Regulations Cavalry 200 The whole are ordered to halt, with an intention of forming line in the new direction. 1797 Instr. & Regulations Cavalry (rev. ed.) App. 239 Form open column of divisions behind the right. 1870 W. D. Malton Sinnott's Catech. (ed. 18) §45. 121 The companies that will form the side faces will form fours in the required direction. 1889 Infantry Drill 154 On the words Form Two-Deep, the original rear-rank men will take one pace to the rear. 1915 ‘I. Hay’ First Hundred Thousand i ‘Squoad—'Shun! Move to the right in fours. Forrm—fourrrs!’..‘On the command “form fours”, odd numbers will stand fast.’..‘Forrm—two deep!’ d. to form the siege (of a place) [French former un siège] : to commence active siege-operations (against it). ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > attack > action or state of siege or blockade > besiege or blockade [verb (transitive)] belieOE besita1100 beset?c1225 assiege1297 besiege1297 belayc1320 umsiegea1325 ensiegec1380 environa1382 to set before1382 siege1390 forset?a1400 foldc1400 setc1400 to lay siege to, unto, about, against, beforec1449 oppugn?a1475 pursue1488 obsess1503 ferma1522 gird1548 begird1589 beleaguer1590 block1591 invest1591 intermure1606 blockade1684 to lay blockade to1713 leaguer1720 to form the siege1776 cerne1857 1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. xi. 218 The siege of that great city was immediately formed. 1802 C. James New Mil. Dict. at Siege To form the Siege, or lay Siege to a place..there must be an army sufficient to furnish five or six reliefs for the trenches, pioneers, guards, convoys, escorts, &c. and artillery, with all the apparatus thereto belonging; magazines, etc. 1871 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) IV. xviii. 155 The whole army now drew near; the siege was formed. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022). formv.2 intransitive. Of a hare: To take to her form; to seat. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Lagomorpha (rabbits and hares) > [verb (intransitive)] > occupy lair shoulderc1486 form1575 seat1596 1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie lviii. 162 To looke about hir, & to choose out a place to forme in. 1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion ii. 28 The melancholie Hare is form'd in brakes and briers. a1637 B. Jonson Sad Shepherd ii. viii. 4 in Wks. (1640) III First, think which way shee fourmeth, on what wind: Or North, or South. View more context for this quotation 1725 J. Coats New Dict. Heraldry (rev. ed.) Seateth or Formeth are the Terms that note where the Hare has its resting Place. 1801 J. Strutt Glig-gamena Angel-ðeod i. i. 17 A hare [was said to be] formed, a rabbit set. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022). > see alsoalso refers to : form-comb. form1 also refers to : -formcomb. form2 also refers to : -formcomb. form3 < see also |
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