† carucatecarrucaten.

/ˈkarjuːkeɪt/

Etymology: < medieval Latin car(r)ūcāta plough-gate, plough-land, < car(r)ūca plough (see carue n.). The Old Northern French regular representation of carrūcāta was car(r)uée , central French char(r)uée : see -ate suffix¹. Latin carrūca ( < carrus car n.¹) was originally ‘a sort of state coach or chariot’; this sense is still found anno 700 ‘carruca in qua sedere consuevi’ (see Diez); but in Gaul it was early applied to the wheel-plough, in which sense carruca, carruga, carrua appear in the Salic and Allemannic Laws. Compare the s.w. English plough = ‘wagon’.

Feudal System.

A measure of land, varying with the nature of the soil, etc., being as much as could be tilled with one plough (with its team of 8 oxen) in a year; a plough-land.The acreage of the carucate varied according to the system of tillage. If the land lay in three arable common fields the carucate, according to Fleta, contained 180 acres; 60 for fallow, 60 for winter corn, and 60 for spring corn. If the land lay in 2 fields the carucate consisted of 160 acres, 80 for fallow, and 80 for tillage. Commonly only the land under plough in any one year was reckoned, the fallow being thrown into common pasturage. Hence in ancient deeds the normal carucate is either 120 acres or 80 acres by the Norman number (5 score to the hundred) and 144 acres or 96 acres by the English number (6 score to the hundred).—Rev. I. Taylor.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement of area > [noun] > a system or process of measuring land > carucate and equivalents

suling805

sullowc897

ploughlandOE

ploughlOE

tenmanlotc1200

tenmanlandc1225

sullowc1275

suling-land1440

carucate?a1475

plough tilla1513

cartware1555

carue1593

caruck1627

sullerye1628

1086 Domesday Bk. (1783) I. f. 38^v/2 [Phillimore: Hampshire 1. 28] In dominio sunt ii^e car[ucatæ].

c1190 Chart. Rich. I (Du Cange) Viginti carrucatas terræ scilicet unicuique carrucatæ sexaginta acras terræ.]

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1869) II. 91 Whiche alle William Conquerour kynge of Englonde, causede to be describede, and the hides and carucates of londes to be measurede [L. et per hydas seu carucatas dimetiri].

1577 W. Harrison Descr. Eng. (1877) ii. xix. i. 309 So manie hundred acres or families (or as they haue been alwaies called in some places of the realme, carrucats or cartwares).

1614 J. Stow William I in Annales anno 1080 . 118 How many carucates of lande, how many plough-lands.

a1640 T. Risdon Chorogr. Surv. Devon (1811) (modernized text) §295 305 Some hold a hide and a carucate to be all one, but not of any certain content, commonly said to be so much land as a plough can..plough in a year.

1788 R. Kelham Domesday Bk. Illustr. 169 Twelve Carucates of land make one hide.

1841 P. F. Tytler Hist. Scotl. (1879) I. 284 A bovate..contained eighteen acres; a carucate contained eight bovates; and eight carucates made a knight's fee.

1875 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. (ed. 2) I. x. 302 The old English hide was cut down to the acreage of the Norman carucate.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	carucate
释义	† carucatecarrucaten. /ˈkarjuːkeɪt/ Etymology: < medieval Latin car(r)ūcāta plough-gate, plough-land, < car(r)ūca plough (see carue n.). The Old Northern French regular representation of carrūcāta was car(r)uée , central French char(r)uée : see -ate suffix¹. Latin carrūca ( < carrus car n.¹) was originally ‘a sort of state coach or chariot’; this sense is still found anno 700 ‘carruca in qua sedere consuevi’ (see Diez); but in Gaul it was early applied to the wheel-plough, in which sense carruca, carruga, carrua appear in the Salic and Allemannic Laws. Compare the s.w. English plough = ‘wagon’. Feudal System. A measure of land, varying with the nature of the soil, etc., being as much as could be tilled with one plough (with its team of 8 oxen) in a year; a plough-land.The acreage of the carucate varied according to the system of tillage. If the land lay in three arable common fields the carucate, according to Fleta, contained 180 acres; 60 for fallow, 60 for winter corn, and 60 for spring corn. If the land lay in 2 fields the carucate consisted of 160 acres, 80 for fallow, and 80 for tillage. Commonly only the land under plough in any one year was reckoned, the fallow being thrown into common pasturage. Hence in ancient deeds the normal carucate is either 120 acres or 80 acres by the Norman number (5 score to the hundred) and 144 acres or 96 acres by the English number (6 score to the hundred).—Rev. I. Taylor. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement of area > [noun] > a system or process of measuring land > carucate and equivalents suling805 sullowc897 ploughlandOE ploughlOE tenmanlotc1200 tenmanlandc1225 sullowc1275 suling-land1440 carucate?a1475 plough tilla1513 cartware1555 carue1593 caruck1627 sullerye1628 1086 Domesday Bk. (1783) I. f. 38^v/2 [Phillimore: Hampshire 1. 28] In dominio sunt ii^e car[ucatæ]. c1190 Chart. Rich. I (Du Cange) Viginti carrucatas terræ scilicet unicuique carrucatæ sexaginta acras terræ.] ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1869) II. 91 Whiche alle William Conquerour kynge of Englonde, causede to be describede, and the hides and carucates of londes to be measurede [L. et per hydas seu carucatas dimetiri]. 1577 W. Harrison Descr. Eng. (1877) ii. xix. i. 309 So manie hundred acres or families (or as they haue been alwaies called in some places of the realme, carrucats or cartwares). 1614 J. Stow William I in Annales anno 1080 . 118 How many carucates of lande, how many plough-lands. a1640 T. Risdon Chorogr. Surv. Devon (1811) (modernized text) §295 305 Some hold a hide and a carucate to be all one, but not of any certain content, commonly said to be so much land as a plough can..plough in a year. 1788 R. Kelham Domesday Bk. Illustr. 169 Twelve Carucates of land make one hide. 1841 P. F. Tytler Hist. Scotl. (1879) I. 284 A bovate..contained eighteen acres; a carucate contained eight bovates; and eight carucates made a knight's fee. 1875 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. (ed. 2) I. x. 302 The old English hide was cut down to the acreage of the Norman carucate. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1888; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.?a1475
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