angularadj.

Brit.

/ˈaŋɡjᵿlə/, U.S.

/ˈæŋɡjələr/

Forms: Middle English–1600s anguler, 1500s–1600s angulare, 1500s– angular.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin angulāris.

Etymology: < classical Latin angulāris placed at the corner or corners (of a building or field), having angles or corners, in post-classical Latin also of or relating to the four signs of the zodiac that are situated at the cardinal points of the compass (c1230–50 in Bartholomaeus Anglicus; compare quot. a1398 at sense 1) < angulus angle, etc. (see angle n.²), in scientific Latin also designating a bone of the lower jaw (1811 or earlier) + -āris -ar suffix¹.Compare Middle French, French angulaire in the form of an angle (c1375; 13th cent. in Old French as anguler ; c1350 as angular ), situated at an angle (1611 in Cotgrave), Old Occitan angular (c1350), Catalan angular (14th cent.), Spanish angular (1494), Portuguese angular (1523), Italian angolare (a1342). Specific senses. In sense 2d after French angulaire (in os angulaire : 1751 or earlier); compare angular n.

1. Astrology. Of a zodiacal sign, house, etc.: situated at any of the four cardinal points of the compass (cf. angle n.² 5).

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > celestial sphere > zone of celestial sphere > [adjective] > house

angulara1398

cardinal?1585

domal1716

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. viii. ix. 464 Somme signes beþ iclepid domus angulares..þat beþ Cancer, Libra, Capricornus, and Aries... Þese foure anguler [L. angularia] signes beþ of moost vertue.

?1558 H. Baker tr. O. Fine Rules Vse of Almanackes (new ed.) sig. C.v^v And by this maner there be foure angular and principall houses, that is to saye the first, the fourth, the seuenth, and the tenth.

1644 J. Milton Doctr. Divorce (ed. 2) 25 The supernall influence of Schemes and angular aspects.

1772 F. Moore Vox Stellarum 15 Mars is angular in the 7th [House].

1810 T. White Beauties Occult Sci. 348 If the Lights not being in Angles, it happens that most of the guarding Stars be angular, or configurated to the Angles, they will not give the more illustrious dignities.

1921 Theosophist Nov. 134 Observe that in the angular positions Uranus, the planet par excellence of the force-side of the monad, in conjunction with the Sun (ego) and the Moon opposes an angular Neptune, giving us the key to what must be expressed, and an insight into the form that will dominate the Age that was ushered in in 1910.

2007 K. Farnell et al. Astrology (new ed.) 89/1 A planet in a cadent house has been carried away from the cardinal position of the angular house and symbolizes a falling from grace and weakening of power.

a. Designating a point at which two lines meet to form an angle; that forms or constitutes an angle. Also figurative. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > shape > angularity > [adjective] > constituting an angle

angulara1525

the world > relative properties > number > geometry > angle > [adjective]

angulara1525

a1525 Bk. Chess l. 2062 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1923) I The poynt anguler.

1597 Bp. J. King Lect. Ionas xxiii. 300 The night which followed the sabbath of the Iewes, was the angular night..for both it belonged (saith he) to the sabbath preceded, and must be ascribed againe vnto the Christian sabbath.

1657 N. Culpeper & W. Rand tr. J. Riolan Sure Guide iv. iii. 136 The angular Extremities of the Eye-lids meeting together, are termed Anguli, the corners of the Eyes.

1670 J. Moxon Pract. Perspective i. 19 In the other Triangle with one of its Sides against the Base; you see there is no more to do but to erect a Perpendicular from the Angular point e into the Base.

1704 I. Newton Opticks iii. i. 124 The angular point, where the edges of the Knives met.

1797 R. Heron Scotl. Described 86 Dalkeith..stands..in the very angular extremity, where the north and south Esk are just about to meet in one stream.

1831 D. Brewster Treat. Optics xi. 98 At the angular termination of bodies these fringes widen.

1935 A. H. G. Palmer & K. S. Snell Mechanics xiii. 268 A plane convex quadrilateral ABCD formed by four rigid rods AB, BC, CD, DA smoothly jointed at the angular points is kept in equilibrium.

1977 Crustaceana Suppl. No. 4. 216 The angular points of the pyramid represent the 4 taxa considered.

b. Placed or directed at an angle; not vertical or horizontal; oblique, diagonal, slanting. Cf. angularly adv. 1.

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the world > space > relative position > inclination > [adjective] > placed at an angle

inclined1570

angulara1626

angled1833

the world > relative properties > number > geometry > angle > [adjective] > placed at an angle

angulara1626

a1626 F. Bacon Let. in Remains (1648) 21 To shew you your true face in a glasse, and that not in a false one to flatter you, nor in one that is oblique and angular to make you seem worse then you are.

1684 S. Pordage tr. T. Willis Pharmaceutice Rationalis: Second Pt. in Pract. Physick (rev. ed.) 2 Many Membranes spreading from the little Lobes, some parallel, some angular.

a1762 D. Jennings Jewish Antiq. (1766) II. ii. i. 12 Perhaps the two end boards of the eight stood in an angular position to the sides, and the end of the building.

1834 Brit. Husbandry (Libr. Useful Knowl.) I. 528 The catch-drains..are cut in an angular direction across the line of descent.

1869 C. Boutell tr. J. P. Lacombe Arms & Armour v. 78 The space between the angular bands.

1913 Outing July 418/1 A short, sharp, angular shot played as closely to the net as possible.

1953 Pop. Sci. May 200/2 The transparent template moves anywhere on the board for ruling vertical, horizontal and angular lines as well as circles.

2009 Spectator (Nexis) 12 Dec. 55 There's the cold, angular rain, stinging my face as I sit cowering in the porch.

c. Anatomy and Zoology. Of a blood vessel: †located at the angle of the jaw (obsolete); located at the inner angle of the eye.

ΚΠ

1674 E. B. tr. J. Scultetus Chyrurgeons Store-house 142 A seton burnt into the tip of the left ear, to intercept the matter that ran thence continually, by a vein pricked through with a needle and burnt, to nourish and augment the tumour, which hanging by a thicker basis from the neck, by reason of the angular veins, and the inward branch of the carotick Artery, can neither be cut off, nor yet separated from the skin.

1737 Med. Ess. & Observ. (Philos. Soc. Edinb.) (ed. 2) III. 290 It will be more convenient to save the angular Artery and Vein, than to wound them.

1828 Farrier & Naturalist Apr. 175 From the branches of the angular vein above and below or between the eyes, a sufficient quantity of blood may generally be extracted.

1904 J. H. Fisher Ophthalmol. Anat. vii. 80 The blood supply to the conjunctiva, caruncle, and lacrimal sac is given by these internal palpebral branches from the angular artery.

2012 D. R. Jordan et al. Surg. Anat. Ocular Adnexa (ed. 2) vi. 178 Medial palpebral veins will anastomose with the angular vein.

d. Zoology. Originally: †designating the lacrimal bone of the medial wall of the orbit in a quadruped (cf. angular n. 1) (obsolete rare). In later use (in non-mammalian vertebrates): designating a bone or bony element present in the posterior part of the lower jaw, at or near the angle of the jaw. Chiefly in angular bone. Cf. angular n. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > skull > parts of skull > [adjective] > jawbones > lower

mandibulary1653

mandibular1654

submaxillary1721

angular1802

mylohyoidean1838

mylohyoid1839

hyomandibular1875

hyostylic1880

tympanomandibular1891

1802 D. P. Blaine Outl. Vet. Art II. 87 The puncta lachrymalia..are the openings to a canal that is within the angular bone.

1811 J. Parkinson Org. Remains Former World III. xx. 291 The angular bone curves upwards, to occupy a space in the inside of the jaw.

1835–6 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. I. 277/1 The anterior extremities of the angular and supra-angular pieces are wedged into corresponding grooves of the symphyseal element.

1854 R. Owen Struct. Skeleton & Teeth in Orr's Circle Sci.: Org. Nature I. 178 In the cod there is a small separate bone, below the joint of the articular, forming an angle there, and called the ‘angular piece’.

2012 Jrnl. Vertebr. Paleontol. 32 519/2 The angular bone has a gently convex posterior border.

a. Having an angle or angles; having a shape or outline which incorporates or is marked by angles; not curved or rounded.

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the world > space > shape > angularity > [adjective]

corneredc1330

corneledc1400

angulousa1460

angulated1486

unrounded1519

nookedc1550

corned1564

angular1570

cornery1576

angled1612

angulate1670

angulose1694

the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [adjective] > having specific property > having angles

cornered1551

corneled1552

angular1570

1570 H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. xi. f. 340^v A diagonall line is a right line which in angular figures is drawne from one angle and extended to his contrary angle.

a1631 J. Donne Poems (1650) 240 Enormous greatnesses, which are So disproportion'd and so angulare.

1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. i. 55 Hairs..are none of them Cylindrical, but angular and corner'd.

1701 N. Grew Cosmol. Sacra ii. v. §18 All Salts are Angular; with Obtuse, Right, or Acute Angles.

1752 Philos. Trans. 1749–50 (Royal Soc.) 46 186 It converts an angular very solid Body into a very porous and light spheroid.

1757 E. Burke Philos. Enq. Sublime & Beautiful iii. §15. 99 Perfectly beautiful bodies are not composed of angular parts.

1857 A. Henfrey Elem. Course Bot. §58 A stem is..angular when the section is polygonal.

1878 A. H. Green et al. Coal: Hist. & Uses ii. 55 Nearly all the grains of quartz are angular.

1901 M. C. Dickerson Moths & Butterflies i. 75 The chrysalis is wood-brown and very rough and angular.

1984 Which? Dec. 575/3 The..handgrip was found angular and uncomfortable.

2006 D. S. Gilligan Years Mountains 115 Atop the riser is a Little Ice Age moraine composed of freshly hewn, angular rocks.

b. Preceded by a numeral: having angles or corners of the specified number. Now somewhat rare.

ΚΠ

1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Triangolare, three angular, hauing three corners, three cornered.

1680 in Digges's Englands Def. 7/2 Turnpikes twelve foot long, and five inches diameter, in a six-angular form, as many as are needful.

1687 tr. G. Brice New Descr. Paris ii. 65 The forepart of the Building is made with Towers Eight Angular of the same height.

1883 O. A. Reade Plants Bermudas 11 Stems branching; leaves heart-shaped, acutely five-angular, toothed, covered with many-branched hairs.

1962 Tijdschrift van Vereniging voor Nederlandse Muziekgeschiedenis 19 203 It shows a spinetto (in the well known irregular, six-angular shape) containing two manuals, one above the other.

2003 Internat. Jrnl. Plant Sci. 164 492 (caption) Rim of calyptra has become more or less five-angular.

c. Of handwriting: not rounded, spiky. Also: of, relating to, or characteristic of such handwriting.

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society > communication > writing > handwriting or style of > [adjective] > angular

angular1765

1765 S. Johnson Plays of Shakespeare II. 344/2 I am yet inclined to lonely, which in the old angular writing cannot be distinguished from lovely.

1784 T. Astle Origin & Progress of Writing v. 138 The letters used in the north of Scotland and in Ireland are the same with the Saxon, but somewhat more rude and angular in their forms.

1798 A. F. M. Willich tr. J. C. Adelung Three Philol. Ess. ii. p. cxxv In such writings as are immediately addressed to the common people..the old angular character..is still used.

1863 J. H. Burton Book-hunter (ed. 2) 41 His handwriting was clear, angular, and unimpassioned.

1894 W. S. Simpson Mem. (1899) 146 Not an angular spider-legged Frenchified hand, but a clear round legible hand.

1950 M. L. Coit John C. Calhoun xxii. 373 The bulky letters with the Belgian postmark, addressed in Anna Maria's angular, illegible script.

2010 A. C. Wyman Kipling's Cat v. 40 The brown paper notebook where she recorded household details in her tidy angular writing.

4. Chiefly Physics and Mathematics.

a. Measured by or expressed in terms of an angle.See also angular distance n. at Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > geometry > angle > [adjective] > measured by angle

angular1610

the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement of length > measurement of other dimensions > [adjective] > relating to the measurement of angles > measured by angle

angular1610

1610 W. Folkingham Feudigraphia ii. ii. 50 Degrees of angular production obserued by some Dioptrall instrument.

1715 in W. Whiston Astron. Lect. 118 In the Aphelia, the Earth by its Slower Motion doth daily change its Angular Position to the Sun, less than it doth in the Perihelia.

1858 T. Sutton & J. Worden Dict. Photogr. 21 The angular aperture of a lens is the angle which its diameter subtends at its principal focus.

1880 A. Gray Bot. Text-bk. (ed. 6) 396 The angular divergence, or distance of the axis of the first leaf from the second.

1949 W. E. Siri Isotopic Tracers xiii. 375 The angular distribution of beta particles from a point source of small mass is isotopic.

2008 J. Gribbin Galaxies: Very Short Introd. v. 58 Since Hubble's day, observers have built up catalogues giving the positions, redshifts, and angular sizes of thousands of galaxies.

b. Designating rotational motion about a point. See also Compounds 1.

ΚΠ

1674 W. Petty Disc. before Royal Soc. 129 I call..the motion of the Biasses..the Angular or Curve Motion.

1770 C. Hutton Treat. Mensuration Pref. p. xvii He hath left us a treatise on the spiral described by a point moving uniformly along a right line, which at the same time moves with a uniform angular motion.

1858 Sydney Mag. Sci. & Art 1 44/1 We have, however, two special indications by which we are enabled to decide upon the fact of our angular movement, and the time which is required to complete one rotation.

1951 Nature 1 Dec. 962/1 If no relative angular motion between a number of stars can be detected, it is unlikely that any of them has a proper motion greater than the accuracy of the observations.

2014 S. T. McCaw Biomech. for Dummies viii. 139 Changes in the angular motion of a body result from unbalanced torques.

a. Of a person, or a person's features, etc.: having an appearance suggestive of angles or sharp points, typically through being lean and having a prominent bone structure.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > bodily shape or physique > slim shape or physique > [adjective] > thin

leanc1000

thinc1000

swonga1300

meagrea1398

empty?c1400

(as) thin (also lean, rank) as a rakec1405

macilent?a1425

rawc1425

gauntc1440

to be skin and bone (also bones)c1450

leany?a1475

swampc1480

scarrya1500

pinched1514

extenuate1528

lean-fleshed1535

carrion-lean1542

spare1548

lank1553

carrion1565

brawn-fallen1578

raw-bone1590

scraggeda1591

thin-bellied1591

rake-lean1593

bare-boned1594

forlorn1594

Lented1594

lean-looked1597

shotten herring1598

spiny1598

starved1598

thin-belly1598

raw-boned1600

larbar1603

meagry?1603

fleshless1605

scraggy1611

ballow1612

lank-leana1616

skinnya1616

hagged1616

scraggling1616

carrion-like1620

extenuated1620

thin-gutted1620

haggard1630

scrannel1638

leanisha1645

skeletontal1651

overlean1657

emaciated1665

slank1668

lathy1672

emaciate1676

nithered1691

emacerated1704

lean-looking1713

scranky1735

squinny-gut(s)1742

mauger1756

squinny1784

angular1789

etiolated1791

as thin (also lean) as a rail1795

wiry1808

slink1817

scranny1820

famine-hollowed1822

sharp featured1824

reedy1830

scrawny1833

stringy1833

lean-ribbeda1845

skeletony1852

famine-pinched1856

shelly1866

flesh-fallen1876

thinnish1884

all horn and hide1890

unfurnished1893

bone-thin1899

underweight1899

asthenic1925

skin-and-bony1935

skinny-malinky1940

skeletal1952

pencil-neck1960

1789 T. Holcroft tr. J. C. Lavater Ess. Physiognomy III. xiii. 211 Man is most angular [Ger. Eckigter]—woman most round.

1858 O. W. Holmes Autocrat of Breakfast-table xi. 306 The angular female in black bombazine.

1890 M. C. Keith Young Lady's Private Counselor xiv. 151 The long neck and the angular features are not so much the features of the maid as the features of the masturbator.

1915 V. Woolf Voy. Out ix. 124 The angular young man..was neatly brushing the rims of his toe-nails into the fireplace.

1984 A. Maupin Babycakes (1989) iii. 13 Her hair hovered above her angular face like random wisps of smoke.

2001 D. Kennedy Pursuit of Happiness (2010) i. 3 A tall, angular woman, with fine grey hair gathered in a compact bun.

b. Of movement or action: jerky, abrupt; ungraceful, awkward.

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the world > action or operation > ability > inability > unskilfulness > [adjective] > clumsy or awkward > of things or actions

fumbling1532

untoward1590

untowardly1611

clumsy1682

indextrous1684

shambling1802

gawky1821

angular1830

buckety1883

1830 Times 21 May The angular movements of that school [of theatrical dancing]..set at defiance all notions of grace.

1850 J. S. Blackie in tr. Æschylus Lyrical Dramas I. p. xlv Their movements were slow, their gesticulations abrupt and angular.

1880 J. McCarthy Hist. our Own Times IV. l. 61 His gestures were angular and ungraceful.

1920 M. Beerbohm in Cent. Mag. Dec. 161/2 I can see him now,..declaiming the verses and trying, with many angular gestures of his left hand, to animate them.

1988 New Castle (Pa.) News 28 Nov. 8/1 Arms swinging side to front in angular fashion, hips rolling like waves at sea.

2001 R. G. Gelman Tales of Female Nomad xi. 162 Her dancing is no longer smooth and flowing, it is jerky and angular.

6. Lacking in social graces or suavity; awkward, stiff; prickly, unaccommodating.

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the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > discourtesy > [adjective] > not affable

strange1338

estrangec1374

formal?1518

cold1557

squeamish1561

icy1567

buckrama1589

repulsive1598

starched1600

unaffable1603

stiff1608

withdrawing1611

reserved1612

aloof1639

cool1641

uncordial1643

inaffable1656

staunch1659

standfra1683

distant1710

starcha1716

distancing1749

pokerish1779

buckramed1793

angular1808

easeless1811

touch-me-not1817

starchy1824

standoffish1826

offish1827

poker-backed1830

standoff1837

stiffish1840

chilly1841

unapproachable1848

hedgehoggy1866

sticky1882

hard-to-get1899

stand-away1938

princesse lointaine1957

1808 H. More Cœlebs in Search of Wife I. xxiii. 346 Her violent animal spirits prevent her from growing smooth by attrition. She is as rough and angular as rusticity itself could have made her.

1830 N. Hawthorne in Salem (Mass.) Gaz. 23 Nov. 1/6 Here follow many bows and a deal of angular politeness on both sides.

1870 C. Dickens Edwin Drood x. 62 As a particularly Angular man, I do not fit smoothly into the social circle.

1931 H. E. Wortham Edward VII xvii. 255 He made up his mind to show Europe that the Englishman was not the dour, angular personality he was generally supposed to be.

1976 Ld. Home Way Wind Blows x. 151 He could be extraordinarily angular and difficult and was cordially disliked by such different men as Churchill, Chamberlain, Eden and Eisenhower.

2011 Times (Nexis) 14 July (Life section) Gradually they all emerged as individuals, with strong and sometimes angular personalities.

7. Music. Of music: characterized by an irregularity or sparseness of rhythm, melody, or dynamics which is suggestive of a succession of sharp angles or abrupt turns; not progressing smoothly or predictably.

ΚΠ

1915 D. C. Taylor & H. K. Moderwell in D. G. Mason et al. Art of Music V. xv. 370 It is when Sibelius strikes his national idiom that he is at his greatest. This idiom is characterized by long, slowly-moving, angular phrases, with frequent repetitions of the same note.

1920 C. G. Hamilton Music Appreciation 38 Instrumental melodies..may involve long or angular leaps from one to another of a chord, together with quick or jerky rhythms, staccato notes, strong accents, or short, broken groups of notes.

1969 Guardian 6 Sept. 8/6 A trio of drums, bass, and saxophone playing Jones's austere, angular music is a daunting prospect.

1992 Rolling Stone 10 Dec. 177/1 Devo upended the Seventies underground with a spunky, angular noise that transcended all that reverse Darwinism dribble.

2012 Birmingham Evening Mail (Nexis) 8 Nov. (Features section) 30 A pulsating rollercoaster of angular guitars, vociferous drums and haunting vocals.

Compounds

C1. Chiefly Physics and Mathematics. With the sense ‘of or relating to rotational motion’. Cf. sense 4b.

angular acceleration n. [after post-classical Latin angularis acceleratio (1717 or earlier)] the rate of change of angular velocity with respect to time.

ΚΠ

1745 F. Holliday tr. A. de Moivre in Miscellanea Curiosa Mathematica (1749) I. 24 But the point O, in which the apparent motion, or angular acceleration [L. angularis acceleratio] of a planet descending, or the retardation of a planet ascending is a maximum, will be obtained thus.

1895 P. G. Tait Dynamics 254 The linear acceleration of each of the masses is equal to a times the angular acceleration of the pulley.

2013 N. Giordano College Physics (ed. 2) I. viii. 255 For an object to be in complete equilibrium, the angular acceleration must be zero.

angular displacement n. the angle through which a body rotating about a point moves in a given period of time.

ΚΠ

1807 Jrnl. Natural Philos., Chem., & Arts July 156 The total deviation of the light will not be twice the angular displacement of the point ɛ.

1919 London, Edinb. & Dublin Philos. Mag. 6th Ser. 37 309 The direction of this angular displacement depends on the direction of revolution of the body.

2015 H. J. Pain & P. Rankin Introd. Vibrations & Waves xiv. 317 The velocity..is zero at the maximum angular displacement.

angular frequency n. the rate at which an object rotates around a point, measured in revolutions, degrees, or radians per unit of time; = angular speed n.

ΚΠ

1912 Electr. World 14 Sept. 562/1 The angular frequency advances beyond 2760 radians per second.

2008 J. P. Cullerne & A. Machacek Lang. Physics iii. 61 An object is being rotated about the z-axis with angular frequency 10 rad/s.

angular momentum n. a quantity relating to rotational motion that is regarded as analogous to momentum, equal to the product of the moment of inertia of a body and its angular velocity or speed.

ΚΠ

1817 Q. Jrnl. Sci. & Arts Apr. 17 The whole angular momentum of the body = w sum of (P.Pr²).

1949 W. E. Siri Isotopic Tracers i. 12 In any nuclear reaction, spin and angular momentum must be conserved as well as mass and energy.

2010 D. A. Rothery Planets: Very Short Introd. i. 18 Conservation of angular momentum causes any slight initial rotation of the cloud to speed up during contraction.

angular speed n. the rate at which an object rotates around a point, measured in revolutions, degrees, or radians per unit of time.Unlike angular velocity, the angular speed does not specify the direction of rotation.

ΚΠ

1840 Mem. Royal Astron. Soc. 11 255 The first [investigation] is..into the motion of governor-balls, supposed to be acted on by no force; for the purpose of deducing the time of rotation corresponding to a given angular expansion of the balls, and the periodic time of their oscillations, and the consequent oscillations in the angular speed of the spindle.

1929 Physical Rev. 34 1464 The angular speed of the disks averaged 3600 R. P. M.

2014 S. T. McCaw Biomech. for Dummies ix. 163 Angular speed is not frequently calculated in biomechanics, because specifying the direction of the angular motion is usually as important as specifying how fast rotation occurs.

angular velocity n. a quantity or pseudovector expressing the rate at which an object rotates around a point, measured in revolutions, degrees, or radians per unit of time.

ΚΠ

1715 in W. Whiston Astron. Lect. xxvi. 303 The lesser Velocity in the Periphery of the greater Circle, diminisheth the Angular Velocity about the Focus, as much as the Periphery is the greater.

1835 M. Somerville On Connexion Physical Sci. (ed. 2) 455 The angular velocity of the earth is at the rate of 180° in twelve hours.

2018 R. A. Serway & C. Vuille College Physics (ed. 11) vii. 192 The rotor on a helicopter turns at an angular velocity of 3.2 × 10² revolutions per minute.

C2.

angular crab n. a small yellowish-orange crab native to the Mediterranean and northeastern Atlantic, Goneplax rhomboides (family Goneplacidae), having a quadrangular carapace with a spine at each anterior corner.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Crustacea > [noun] > subclass Malacostraca > division Thoracostraca > order Decapoda > suborder Brachyura (crab) > miscellaneous or unspecified types of crab

sea lion1601

blue crab1763

violet crab1774

angular crab1777

red crab1825

softshell1830

turtle-crab1838

porcellanian1840

Thelphusian1842

lady crab1844

oxystome1852

lobster-crab1854

porcelain crab1854

ochidore1855

havil1857

mask crab1857

sepoy crab1857

violet land crab1864

frog crab1876

stool-crab1880

paper-shell1890

porter crab1904

mitten crab1934

1777 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (ed. 4, octavo) IV. 5 Angular [crab] ... With a rectangular body; the thorax armed near the corner with two spines; the claws very long.

1988 E. Wood et al. Sea Life Brit. & Ireland 147 (caption) The angular crab Goneplax rhomboides uses its chelae to pick up and move the mud as it excavates its burrow.

2015 Jrnl. Marine Syst. 141 23/1 The introduction of the angular crab was due to larval dispersal into the North sea and enhanced larval survival due to increased water temperature.

angular defect n. Mathematics (a) (in non-Euclidean geometry) the difference between the sum of the interior angles of a given figure and that of the same figure as it would appear in the Euclidean plane (cf. non-Euclidean adj.); (b) the difference between the sum of the angles at any vertex of a regular polyhedron and 360°; cf. defect n. 1c.

ΚΠ

1844 Edinb. New Philos. Jrnl. 36 313 For when the several parts of the areas and of the angular defects are proportional, so must any corresponding sums of such parts.

1971 H. S. M. Coxeter in M. J. Wenninger Polyhedron Models p. xi/1 The angular defect, added up for all the corners, always makes a total of 720°.

2007 Math. in School 36 8/2 Each solid has 20 vertices, each with an angular defect of 36°.

2012 B. H. Lavenda New Perspective Relativity i. 35 The surfaces of negative curvature produce a geometry in which the angular defect is proportional to the area.

angular distance n. the angle between the lines from a given point to two other points, regarded as suggestive of or a measure of the distance between those two points.

ΚΠ

a1652 S. Foster Elliptical Horologiography (1654) 24 So is the Tangent of each angle at the Pole, To the Tangent of the angular distances of all the houres from the substylar line of the plain.

1837 Penny Cycl. IX. 22/2 In the apparent sphere of the heavens, distance always means angular distance.

2015 B. Gervais Living Physical Geogr. 16/2 Latitude is the angular distance as measured from the Earth's center to a point north or south of the equator.

angular gyrus n. [after French pli courbe (1850 or earlier)] Anatomy a curved gyrus (convolution) of the cerebral cortex located in the parietal lobe, which is involved in numerous brain functions including language, memory, and spatial recognition.

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1861 Proc. Zool. Soc. 258 The least satisfactory part of this able observer's treatise is that which relates to the identification of the angular gyrus and the annectent gyri.

1917 J. Hinshelwood Congenital Word-Blindness i. 38 When the angular gyrus itself is destroyed, the patient..is both word-blind and agraphic.

2011 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 23 June 68/2 Some of these unique functions..are based on structures equally unique to the human brain, such as the angular and supramarginal gyri—or convolutions.

angular leaf spot n. an area of diseased or dead leaf tissue that is confined within leaf veins and has straightish edges; any of various plant diseases producing such lesions, esp. (a) bacterial blight of cotton caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum (also called blackarm); (b) a bacterial disease of cucumbers and other cucurbits caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans.

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the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > type of disease > bacterial diseases > associated with food or crop plants

fire blight1742

apple blight1835

pear blight1854

leaf scald1870

ring rot1875

angular leaf spot1896

blackarm1902

Moko1913

halo blight1920

the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > type of disease > bacterial diseases > angular leaf spot (of cucumber)

angular leaf spot1896

1896 G. F. Atkinson in A. C. True Cotton Plant 286 Angular leaf spot. This disease is named from the dark angular spots which appear in the leaf.

1915 Jrnl. Agric. Res. 5 465 The angular leaf-spot of cucumbers (Cucumis sativus) has been known in the field for many years.

1958 P. Spaulding Dis. Foreign Forest Trees U.S. (U.S. Dept. Agric.) 20 Cercospora salviicola... Causes rounded to angular leaf spots, 0.5 to 5 mm. across, gray with dark purple border.

2007 S. T. Koike et al. Veg. Dis. 224/1 Angular leaf spot occurs on cucurbits throughout the world and is particularly serious in more humid, warmer regions.

angular perspective n. perspective in which neither side of the principal object is parallel to the plane of delineation; = oblique perspective n. at oblique adj., n., and adv. Compounds 2.

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1815 R. Brown Princ. Pract. Perspective 41 I have added to this object a clump of trees, to make it picturesque, and to shew that the landscape accompanying a building in angular perspective should never extend to the distance of the vanishing points.

1927 E. L. Koller Color Technique & Composition 19 A safe rule to follow is to use angular perspective for interior views..and either parallel or angular perspective for exterior views.

2004 T. M. Shumaker in D. A. Madsen Engin. Drawing & Design (ed. 3) xix. 664 Two-point or angular perspective is the most popular [type of perspective drawing technique] and is used to illustrate exteriors of houses, small buildings, civil engineering projects, and, occasionally, machine parts.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2019; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	angular
释义	angularn. Brit. /ˈaŋɡjᵿlə/, U.S. /ˈæŋɡjələr/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion; modelled on a French lexical item. Etymon: angular adj. Etymology: < angular adj., after French angulaire (1751 or earlier denoting the lacrimal bone, 1808 (in Cuvier) or earlier denoting a bone of the lower jaw), use as noun (short for os angulaire angular bone) of angulaire , adjective (see angular adj.).A form angulare is also attested, after scientific Latin angulare, use as noun (short for os angulare angular bone (1829 or earlier)) of neuter of classical Latin angulāris angular adj.; compare:1913 Jrnl. Morphol. 24 17 Supraangulare Cuvier: (supraangular) on the upper posterior border of the jaw, chiefly on the outer side, above the angulare and goniale. Zoology. †1. In a horse or other quadruped: the lacrimal bone, forming part of the medial wall of the orbit. Cf. angular adj. 2d. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > animal body > general parts > constituent materials > [noun] > bone at orbit of eye angular1802 postfrontal1840 1802 D. P. Blaine Outl. Vet. Art I. ii. viii. 269 The angulars..are in the horse wholly ossified, and situated at the inner angle of the eyes.., forming a considerable portion of the orbits. 2. In non-mammalian vertebrates: a bone or bony element present in the posterior part of the lower jaw, at or near the angle of the jaw. Cf. angular adj. 2d. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > animal body > general parts > constituent materials > [noun] > jawbone > specific bones of lower jaw supra-angular1831 angular1846 splenial bone or piece1848 splenial1854 coronoid1888 1846 R. Owen Lect. Compar. Anat. Vertebr. Animals v. 113 It sends upwards a pointed coronoid process to which..the masticatory muscles are attached; one short square plate downwards, to join with the angular. 1896 A. Newton et al. Dict. Birds: Pt. IV 872 The bones forming the right and left Mandibulæ..namely, the Dentals, Splenials, Supra-angulars, Angulars and Articulars. 1928 G. R. de Beer Vertebr. Zool. v. 71 The ventro-posterior part of the lower jaw is formed by the angular. 2010 C. J. Ott & P. L. Larson in M. J. Ryan et al. New Perspectives Horned Dinosaurs xiv. 210/2 The majority of the left dentary is preserved, along with right and left articulars, surangulars, angulars, and parts of both splenials. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2019; most recently modified version published online December 2021). angularadj. Brit. /ˈaŋɡjᵿlə/, U.S. /ˈæŋɡjələr/ Forms: Middle English–1600s anguler, 1500s–1600s angulare, 1500s– angular. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin angulāris. Etymology: < classical Latin angulāris placed at the corner or corners (of a building or field), having angles or corners, in post-classical Latin also of or relating to the four signs of the zodiac that are situated at the cardinal points of the compass (c1230–50 in Bartholomaeus Anglicus; compare quot. a1398 at sense 1) < angulus angle, etc. (see angle n.²), in scientific Latin also designating a bone of the lower jaw (1811 or earlier) + -āris -ar suffix¹.Compare Middle French, French angulaire in the form of an angle (c1375; 13th cent. in Old French as anguler ; c1350 as angular ), situated at an angle (1611 in Cotgrave), Old Occitan angular (c1350), Catalan angular (14th cent.), Spanish angular (1494), Portuguese angular (1523), Italian angolare (a1342). Specific senses. In sense 2d after French angulaire (in os angulaire : 1751 or earlier); compare angular n. 1. Astrology. Of a zodiacal sign, house, etc.: situated at any of the four cardinal points of the compass (cf. angle n.² 5). ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > celestial sphere > zone of celestial sphere > [adjective] > house angulara1398 cardinal?1585 domal1716 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. viii. ix. 464 Somme signes beþ iclepid domus angulares..þat beþ Cancer, Libra, Capricornus, and Aries... Þese foure anguler [L. angularia] signes beþ of moost vertue. ?1558 H. Baker tr. O. Fine Rules Vse of Almanackes (new ed.) sig. C.v^v And by this maner there be foure angular and principall houses, that is to saye the first, the fourth, the seuenth, and the tenth. 1644 J. Milton Doctr. Divorce (ed. 2) 25 The supernall influence of Schemes and angular aspects. 1772 F. Moore Vox Stellarum 15 Mars is angular in the 7th [House]. 1810 T. White Beauties Occult Sci. 348 If the Lights not being in Angles, it happens that most of the guarding Stars be angular, or configurated to the Angles, they will not give the more illustrious dignities. 1921 Theosophist Nov. 134 Observe that in the angular positions Uranus, the planet par excellence of the force-side of the monad, in conjunction with the Sun (ego) and the Moon opposes an angular Neptune, giving us the key to what must be expressed, and an insight into the form that will dominate the Age that was ushered in in 1910. 2007 K. Farnell et al. Astrology (new ed.) 89/1 A planet in a cadent house has been carried away from the cardinal position of the angular house and symbolizes a falling from grace and weakening of power. 2. a. Designating a point at which two lines meet to form an angle; that forms or constitutes an angle. Also figurative. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > angularity > [adjective] > constituting an angle angulara1525 the world > relative properties > number > geometry > angle > [adjective] angulara1525 a1525 Bk. Chess l. 2062 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1923) I The poynt anguler. 1597 Bp. J. King Lect. Ionas xxiii. 300 The night which followed the sabbath of the Iewes, was the angular night..for both it belonged (saith he) to the sabbath preceded, and must be ascribed againe vnto the Christian sabbath. 1657 N. Culpeper & W. Rand tr. J. Riolan Sure Guide iv. iii. 136 The angular Extremities of the Eye-lids meeting together, are termed Anguli, the corners of the Eyes. 1670 J. Moxon Pract. Perspective i. 19 In the other Triangle with one of its Sides against the Base; you see there is no more to do but to erect a Perpendicular from the Angular point e into the Base. 1704 I. Newton Opticks iii. i. 124 The angular point, where the edges of the Knives met. 1797 R. Heron Scotl. Described 86 Dalkeith..stands..in the very angular extremity, where the north and south Esk are just about to meet in one stream. 1831 D. Brewster Treat. Optics xi. 98 At the angular termination of bodies these fringes widen. 1935 A. H. G. Palmer & K. S. Snell Mechanics xiii. 268 A plane convex quadrilateral ABCD formed by four rigid rods AB, BC, CD, DA smoothly jointed at the angular points is kept in equilibrium. 1977 Crustaceana Suppl. No. 4. 216 The angular points of the pyramid represent the 4 taxa considered. b. Placed or directed at an angle; not vertical or horizontal; oblique, diagonal, slanting. Cf. angularly adv. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > inclination > [adjective] > placed at an angle inclined1570 angulara1626 angled1833 the world > relative properties > number > geometry > angle > [adjective] > placed at an angle angulara1626 a1626 F. Bacon Let. in Remains (1648) 21 To shew you your true face in a glasse, and that not in a false one to flatter you, nor in one that is oblique and angular to make you seem worse then you are. 1684 S. Pordage tr. T. Willis Pharmaceutice Rationalis: Second Pt. in Pract. Physick (rev. ed.) 2 Many Membranes spreading from the little Lobes, some parallel, some angular. a1762 D. Jennings Jewish Antiq. (1766) II. ii. i. 12 Perhaps the two end boards of the eight stood in an angular position to the sides, and the end of the building. 1834 Brit. Husbandry (Libr. Useful Knowl.) I. 528 The catch-drains..are cut in an angular direction across the line of descent. 1869 C. Boutell tr. J. P. Lacombe Arms & Armour v. 78 The space between the angular bands. 1913 Outing July 418/1 A short, sharp, angular shot played as closely to the net as possible. 1953 Pop. Sci. May 200/2 The transparent template moves anywhere on the board for ruling vertical, horizontal and angular lines as well as circles. 2009 Spectator (Nexis) 12 Dec. 55 There's the cold, angular rain, stinging my face as I sit cowering in the porch. c. Anatomy and Zoology. Of a blood vessel: †located at the angle of the jaw (obsolete); located at the inner angle of the eye. ΚΠ 1674 E. B. tr. J. Scultetus Chyrurgeons Store-house 142 A seton burnt into the tip of the left ear, to intercept the matter that ran thence continually, by a vein pricked through with a needle and burnt, to nourish and augment the tumour, which hanging by a thicker basis from the neck, by reason of the angular veins, and the inward branch of the carotick Artery, can neither be cut off, nor yet separated from the skin. 1737 Med. Ess. & Observ. (Philos. Soc. Edinb.) (ed. 2) III. 290 It will be more convenient to save the angular Artery and Vein, than to wound them. 1828 Farrier & Naturalist Apr. 175 From the branches of the angular vein above and below or between the eyes, a sufficient quantity of blood may generally be extracted. 1904 J. H. Fisher Ophthalmol. Anat. vii. 80 The blood supply to the conjunctiva, caruncle, and lacrimal sac is given by these internal palpebral branches from the angular artery. 2012 D. R. Jordan et al. Surg. Anat. Ocular Adnexa (ed. 2) vi. 178 Medial palpebral veins will anastomose with the angular vein. d. Zoology. Originally: †designating the lacrimal bone of the medial wall of the orbit in a quadruped (cf. angular n. 1) (obsolete rare). In later use (in non-mammalian vertebrates): designating a bone or bony element present in the posterior part of the lower jaw, at or near the angle of the jaw. Chiefly in angular bone. Cf. angular n. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > skull > parts of skull > [adjective] > jawbones > lower mandibulary1653 mandibular1654 submaxillary1721 angular1802 mylohyoidean1838 mylohyoid1839 hyomandibular1875 hyostylic1880 tympanomandibular1891 1802 D. P. Blaine Outl. Vet. Art II. 87 The puncta lachrymalia..are the openings to a canal that is within the angular bone. 1811 J. Parkinson Org. Remains Former World III. xx. 291 The angular bone curves upwards, to occupy a space in the inside of the jaw. 1835–6 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. I. 277/1 The anterior extremities of the angular and supra-angular pieces are wedged into corresponding grooves of the symphyseal element. 1854 R. Owen Struct. Skeleton & Teeth in Orr's Circle Sci.: Org. Nature I. 178 In the cod there is a small separate bone, below the joint of the articular, forming an angle there, and called the ‘angular piece’. 2012 Jrnl. Vertebr. Paleontol. 32 519/2 The angular bone has a gently convex posterior border. 3. a. Having an angle or angles; having a shape or outline which incorporates or is marked by angles; not curved or rounded. ΘΚΠ the world > space > shape > angularity > [adjective] corneredc1330 corneledc1400 angulousa1460 angulated1486 unrounded1519 nookedc1550 corned1564 angular1570 cornery1576 angled1612 angulate1670 angulose1694 the world > relative properties > number > geometry > shape or figure > [adjective] > having specific property > having angles cornered1551 corneled1552 angular1570 1570 H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. xi. f. 340^v A diagonall line is a right line which in angular figures is drawne from one angle and extended to his contrary angle. a1631 J. Donne Poems (1650) 240 Enormous greatnesses, which are So disproportion'd and so angulare. 1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. i. 55 Hairs..are none of them Cylindrical, but angular and corner'd. 1701 N. Grew Cosmol. Sacra ii. v. §18 All Salts are Angular; with Obtuse, Right, or Acute Angles. 1752 Philos. Trans. 1749–50 (Royal Soc.) 46 186 It converts an angular very solid Body into a very porous and light spheroid. 1757 E. Burke Philos. Enq. Sublime & Beautiful iii. §15. 99 Perfectly beautiful bodies are not composed of angular parts. 1857 A. Henfrey Elem. Course Bot. §58 A stem is..angular when the section is polygonal. 1878 A. H. Green et al. Coal: Hist. & Uses ii. 55 Nearly all the grains of quartz are angular. 1901 M. C. Dickerson Moths & Butterflies i. 75 The chrysalis is wood-brown and very rough and angular. 1984 Which? Dec. 575/3 The..handgrip was found angular and uncomfortable. 2006 D. S. Gilligan Years Mountains 115 Atop the riser is a Little Ice Age moraine composed of freshly hewn, angular rocks. b. Preceded by a numeral: having angles or corners of the specified number. Now somewhat rare. ΚΠ 1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Triangolare, three angular, hauing three corners, three cornered. 1680 in Digges's Englands Def. 7/2 Turnpikes twelve foot long, and five inches diameter, in a six-angular form, as many as are needful. 1687 tr. G. Brice New Descr. Paris ii. 65 The forepart of the Building is made with Towers Eight Angular of the same height. 1883 O. A. Reade Plants Bermudas 11 Stems branching; leaves heart-shaped, acutely five-angular, toothed, covered with many-branched hairs. 1962 Tijdschrift van Vereniging voor Nederlandse Muziekgeschiedenis 19 203 It shows a spinetto (in the well known irregular, six-angular shape) containing two manuals, one above the other. 2003 Internat. Jrnl. Plant Sci. 164 492 (caption) Rim of calyptra has become more or less five-angular. c. Of handwriting: not rounded, spiky. Also: of, relating to, or characteristic of such handwriting. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > handwriting or style of > [adjective] > angular angular1765 1765 S. Johnson Plays of Shakespeare II. 344/2 I am yet inclined to lonely, which in the old angular writing cannot be distinguished from lovely. 1784 T. Astle Origin & Progress of Writing v. 138 The letters used in the north of Scotland and in Ireland are the same with the Saxon, but somewhat more rude and angular in their forms. 1798 A. F. M. Willich tr. J. C. Adelung Three Philol. Ess. ii. p. cxxv In such writings as are immediately addressed to the common people..the old angular character..is still used. 1863 J. H. Burton Book-hunter (ed. 2) 41 His handwriting was clear, angular, and unimpassioned. 1894 W. S. Simpson Mem. (1899) 146 Not an angular spider-legged Frenchified hand, but a clear round legible hand. 1950 M. L. Coit John C. Calhoun xxii. 373 The bulky letters with the Belgian postmark, addressed in Anna Maria's angular, illegible script. 2010 A. C. Wyman Kipling's Cat v. 40 The brown paper notebook where she recorded household details in her tidy angular writing. 4. Chiefly Physics and Mathematics. a. Measured by or expressed in terms of an angle.See also angular distance n. at Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > geometry > angle > [adjective] > measured by angle angular1610 the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement of length > measurement of other dimensions > [adjective] > relating to the measurement of angles > measured by angle angular1610 1610 W. Folkingham Feudigraphia ii. ii. 50 Degrees of angular production obserued by some Dioptrall instrument. 1715 in W. Whiston Astron. Lect. 118 In the Aphelia, the Earth by its Slower Motion doth daily change its Angular Position to the Sun, less than it doth in the Perihelia. 1858 T. Sutton & J. Worden Dict. Photogr. 21 The angular aperture of a lens is the angle which its diameter subtends at its principal focus. 1880 A. Gray Bot. Text-bk. (ed. 6) 396 The angular divergence, or distance of the axis of the first leaf from the second. 1949 W. E. Siri Isotopic Tracers xiii. 375 The angular distribution of beta particles from a point source of small mass is isotopic. 2008 J. Gribbin Galaxies: Very Short Introd. v. 58 Since Hubble's day, observers have built up catalogues giving the positions, redshifts, and angular sizes of thousands of galaxies. b. Designating rotational motion about a point. See also Compounds 1. ΚΠ 1674 W. Petty Disc. before Royal Soc. 129 I call..the motion of the Biasses..the Angular or Curve Motion. 1770 C. Hutton Treat. Mensuration Pref. p. xvii He hath left us a treatise on the spiral described by a point moving uniformly along a right line, which at the same time moves with a uniform angular motion. 1858 Sydney Mag. Sci. & Art 1 44/1 We have, however, two special indications by which we are enabled to decide upon the fact of our angular movement, and the time which is required to complete one rotation. 1951 Nature 1 Dec. 962/1 If no relative angular motion between a number of stars can be detected, it is unlikely that any of them has a proper motion greater than the accuracy of the observations. 2014 S. T. McCaw Biomech. for Dummies viii. 139 Changes in the angular motion of a body result from unbalanced torques. 5. a. Of a person, or a person's features, etc.: having an appearance suggestive of angles or sharp points, typically through being lean and having a prominent bone structure. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > bodily shape or physique > slim shape or physique > [adjective] > thin leanc1000 thinc1000 swonga1300 meagrea1398 empty?c1400 (as) thin (also lean, rank) as a rakec1405 macilent?a1425 rawc1425 gauntc1440 to be skin and bone (also bones)c1450 leany?a1475 swampc1480 scarrya1500 pinched1514 extenuate1528 lean-fleshed1535 carrion-lean1542 spare1548 lank1553 carrion1565 brawn-fallen1578 raw-bone1590 scraggeda1591 thin-bellied1591 rake-lean1593 bare-boned1594 forlorn1594 Lented1594 lean-looked1597 shotten herring1598 spiny1598 starved1598 thin-belly1598 raw-boned1600 larbar1603 meagry?1603 fleshless1605 scraggy1611 ballow1612 lank-leana1616 skinnya1616 hagged1616 scraggling1616 carrion-like1620 extenuated1620 thin-gutted1620 haggard1630 scrannel1638 leanisha1645 skeletontal1651 overlean1657 emaciated1665 slank1668 lathy1672 emaciate1676 nithered1691 emacerated1704 lean-looking1713 scranky1735 squinny-gut(s)1742 mauger1756 squinny1784 angular1789 etiolated1791 as thin (also lean) as a rail1795 wiry1808 slink1817 scranny1820 famine-hollowed1822 sharp featured1824 reedy1830 scrawny1833 stringy1833 lean-ribbeda1845 skeletony1852 famine-pinched1856 shelly1866 flesh-fallen1876 thinnish1884 all horn and hide1890 unfurnished1893 bone-thin1899 underweight1899 asthenic1925 skin-and-bony1935 skinny-malinky1940 skeletal1952 pencil-neck1960 1789 T. Holcroft tr. J. C. Lavater Ess. Physiognomy III. xiii. 211 Man is most angular [Ger. Eckigter]—woman most round. 1858 O. W. Holmes Autocrat of Breakfast-table xi. 306 The angular female in black bombazine. 1890 M. C. Keith Young Lady's Private Counselor xiv. 151 The long neck and the angular features are not so much the features of the maid as the features of the masturbator. 1915 V. Woolf Voy. Out ix. 124 The angular young man..was neatly brushing the rims of his toe-nails into the fireplace. 1984 A. Maupin Babycakes (1989) iii. 13 Her hair hovered above her angular face like random wisps of smoke. 2001 D. Kennedy Pursuit of Happiness (2010) i. 3 A tall, angular woman, with fine grey hair gathered in a compact bun. b. Of movement or action: jerky, abrupt; ungraceful, awkward. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ability > inability > unskilfulness > [adjective] > clumsy or awkward > of things or actions fumbling1532 untoward1590 untowardly1611 clumsy1682 indextrous1684 shambling1802 gawky1821 angular1830 buckety1883 1830 Times 21 May The angular movements of that school [of theatrical dancing]..set at defiance all notions of grace. 1850 J. S. Blackie in tr. Æschylus Lyrical Dramas I. p. xlv Their movements were slow, their gesticulations abrupt and angular. 1880 J. McCarthy Hist. our Own Times IV. l. 61 His gestures were angular and ungraceful. 1920 M. Beerbohm in Cent. Mag. Dec. 161/2 I can see him now,..declaiming the verses and trying, with many angular gestures of his left hand, to animate them. 1988 New Castle (Pa.) News 28 Nov. 8/1 Arms swinging side to front in angular fashion, hips rolling like waves at sea. 2001 R. G. Gelman Tales of Female Nomad xi. 162 Her dancing is no longer smooth and flowing, it is jerky and angular. 6. Lacking in social graces or suavity; awkward, stiff; prickly, unaccommodating. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > discourtesy > [adjective] > not affable strange1338 estrangec1374 formal?1518 cold1557 squeamish1561 icy1567 buckrama1589 repulsive1598 starched1600 unaffable1603 stiff1608 withdrawing1611 reserved1612 aloof1639 cool1641 uncordial1643 inaffable1656 staunch1659 standfra1683 distant1710 starcha1716 distancing1749 pokerish1779 buckramed1793 angular1808 easeless1811 touch-me-not1817 starchy1824 standoffish1826 offish1827 poker-backed1830 standoff1837 stiffish1840 chilly1841 unapproachable1848 hedgehoggy1866 sticky1882 hard-to-get1899 stand-away1938 princesse lointaine1957 1808 H. More Cœlebs in Search of Wife I. xxiii. 346 Her violent animal spirits prevent her from growing smooth by attrition. She is as rough and angular as rusticity itself could have made her. 1830 N. Hawthorne in Salem (Mass.) Gaz. 23 Nov. 1/6 Here follow many bows and a deal of angular politeness on both sides. 1870 C. Dickens Edwin Drood x. 62 As a particularly Angular man, I do not fit smoothly into the social circle. 1931 H. E. Wortham Edward VII xvii. 255 He made up his mind to show Europe that the Englishman was not the dour, angular personality he was generally supposed to be. 1976 Ld. Home Way Wind Blows x. 151 He could be extraordinarily angular and difficult and was cordially disliked by such different men as Churchill, Chamberlain, Eden and Eisenhower. 2011 Times (Nexis) 14 July (Life section) Gradually they all emerged as individuals, with strong and sometimes angular personalities. 7. Music. Of music: characterized by an irregularity or sparseness of rhythm, melody, or dynamics which is suggestive of a succession of sharp angles or abrupt turns; not progressing smoothly or predictably. ΚΠ 1915 D. C. Taylor & H. K. Moderwell in D. G. Mason et al. Art of Music V. xv. 370 It is when Sibelius strikes his national idiom that he is at his greatest. This idiom is characterized by long, slowly-moving, angular phrases, with frequent repetitions of the same note. 1920 C. G. Hamilton Music Appreciation 38 Instrumental melodies..may involve long or angular leaps from one to another of a chord, together with quick or jerky rhythms, staccato notes, strong accents, or short, broken groups of notes. 1969 Guardian 6 Sept. 8/6 A trio of drums, bass, and saxophone playing Jones's austere, angular music is a daunting prospect. 1992 Rolling Stone 10 Dec. 177/1 Devo upended the Seventies underground with a spunky, angular noise that transcended all that reverse Darwinism dribble. 2012 Birmingham Evening Mail (Nexis) 8 Nov. (Features section) 30 A pulsating rollercoaster of angular guitars, vociferous drums and haunting vocals. Compounds C1. Chiefly Physics and Mathematics. With the sense ‘of or relating to rotational motion’. Cf. sense 4b. angular acceleration n. [after post-classical Latin angularis acceleratio (1717 or earlier)] the rate of change of angular velocity with respect to time. ΚΠ 1745 F. Holliday tr. A. de Moivre in Miscellanea Curiosa Mathematica (1749) I. 24 But the point O, in which the apparent motion, or angular acceleration [L. angularis acceleratio] of a planet descending, or the retardation of a planet ascending is a maximum, will be obtained thus. 1895 P. G. Tait Dynamics 254 The linear acceleration of each of the masses is equal to a times the angular acceleration of the pulley. 2013 N. Giordano College Physics (ed. 2) I. viii. 255 For an object to be in complete equilibrium, the angular acceleration must be zero. angular displacement n. the angle through which a body rotating about a point moves in a given period of time. ΚΠ 1807 Jrnl. Natural Philos., Chem., & Arts July 156 The total deviation of the light will not be twice the angular displacement of the point ɛ. 1919 London, Edinb. & Dublin Philos. Mag. 6th Ser. 37 309 The direction of this angular displacement depends on the direction of revolution of the body. 2015 H. J. Pain & P. Rankin Introd. Vibrations & Waves xiv. 317 The velocity..is zero at the maximum angular displacement. angular frequency n. the rate at which an object rotates around a point, measured in revolutions, degrees, or radians per unit of time; = angular speed n. ΚΠ 1912 Electr. World 14 Sept. 562/1 The angular frequency advances beyond 2760 radians per second. 2008 J. P. Cullerne & A. Machacek Lang. Physics iii. 61 An object is being rotated about the z-axis with angular frequency 10 rad/s. angular momentum n. a quantity relating to rotational motion that is regarded as analogous to momentum, equal to the product of the moment of inertia of a body and its angular velocity or speed. ΚΠ 1817 Q. Jrnl. Sci. & Arts Apr. 17 The whole angular momentum of the body = w sum of (P.Pr²). 1949 W. E. Siri Isotopic Tracers i. 12 In any nuclear reaction, spin and angular momentum must be conserved as well as mass and energy. 2010 D. A. Rothery Planets: Very Short Introd. i. 18 Conservation of angular momentum causes any slight initial rotation of the cloud to speed up during contraction. angular speed n. the rate at which an object rotates around a point, measured in revolutions, degrees, or radians per unit of time.Unlike angular velocity, the angular speed does not specify the direction of rotation. ΚΠ 1840 Mem. Royal Astron. Soc. 11 255 The first [investigation] is..into the motion of governor-balls, supposed to be acted on by no force; for the purpose of deducing the time of rotation corresponding to a given angular expansion of the balls, and the periodic time of their oscillations, and the consequent oscillations in the angular speed of the spindle. 1929 Physical Rev. 34 1464 The angular speed of the disks averaged 3600 R. P. M. 2014 S. T. McCaw Biomech. for Dummies ix. 163 Angular speed is not frequently calculated in biomechanics, because specifying the direction of the angular motion is usually as important as specifying how fast rotation occurs. angular velocity n. a quantity or pseudovector expressing the rate at which an object rotates around a point, measured in revolutions, degrees, or radians per unit of time. ΚΠ 1715 in W. Whiston Astron. Lect. xxvi. 303 The lesser Velocity in the Periphery of the greater Circle, diminisheth the Angular Velocity about the Focus, as much as the Periphery is the greater. 1835 M. Somerville On Connexion Physical Sci. (ed. 2) 455 The angular velocity of the earth is at the rate of 180° in twelve hours. 2018 R. A. Serway & C. Vuille College Physics (ed. 11) vii. 192 The rotor on a helicopter turns at an angular velocity of 3.2 × 10² revolutions per minute. C2. angular crab n. a small yellowish-orange crab native to the Mediterranean and northeastern Atlantic, Goneplax rhomboides (family Goneplacidae), having a quadrangular carapace with a spine at each anterior corner. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Crustacea > [noun] > subclass Malacostraca > division Thoracostraca > order Decapoda > suborder Brachyura (crab) > miscellaneous or unspecified types of crab sea lion1601 blue crab1763 violet crab1774 angular crab1777 red crab1825 softshell1830 turtle-crab1838 porcellanian1840 Thelphusian1842 lady crab1844 oxystome1852 lobster-crab1854 porcelain crab1854 ochidore1855 havil1857 mask crab1857 sepoy crab1857 violet land crab1864 frog crab1876 stool-crab1880 paper-shell1890 porter crab1904 mitten crab1934 1777 T. Pennant Brit. Zool. (ed. 4, octavo) IV. 5 Angular [crab] ... With a rectangular body; the thorax armed near the corner with two spines; the claws very long. 1988 E. Wood et al. Sea Life Brit. & Ireland 147 (caption) The angular crab Goneplax rhomboides uses its chelae to pick up and move the mud as it excavates its burrow. 2015 Jrnl. Marine Syst. 141 23/1 The introduction of the angular crab was due to larval dispersal into the North sea and enhanced larval survival due to increased water temperature. angular defect n. Mathematics (a) (in non-Euclidean geometry) the difference between the sum of the interior angles of a given figure and that of the same figure as it would appear in the Euclidean plane (cf. non-Euclidean adj.); (b) the difference between the sum of the angles at any vertex of a regular polyhedron and 360°; cf. defect n. 1c. ΚΠ 1844 Edinb. New Philos. Jrnl. 36 313 For when the several parts of the areas and of the angular defects are proportional, so must any corresponding sums of such parts. 1971 H. S. M. Coxeter in M. J. Wenninger Polyhedron Models p. xi/1 The angular defect, added up for all the corners, always makes a total of 720°. 2007 Math. in School 36 8/2 Each solid has 20 vertices, each with an angular defect of 36°. 2012 B. H. Lavenda New Perspective Relativity i. 35 The surfaces of negative curvature produce a geometry in which the angular defect is proportional to the area. angular distance n. the angle between the lines from a given point to two other points, regarded as suggestive of or a measure of the distance between those two points. ΚΠ a1652 S. Foster Elliptical Horologiography (1654) 24 So is the Tangent of each angle at the Pole, To the Tangent of the angular distances of all the houres from the substylar line of the plain. 1837 Penny Cycl. IX. 22/2 In the apparent sphere of the heavens, distance always means angular distance. 2015 B. Gervais Living Physical Geogr. 16/2 Latitude is the angular distance as measured from the Earth's center to a point north or south of the equator. angular gyrus n. [after French pli courbe (1850 or earlier)] Anatomy a curved gyrus (convolution) of the cerebral cortex located in the parietal lobe, which is involved in numerous brain functions including language, memory, and spatial recognition. ΚΠ 1861 Proc. Zool. Soc. 258 The least satisfactory part of this able observer's treatise is that which relates to the identification of the angular gyrus and the annectent gyri. 1917 J. Hinshelwood Congenital Word-Blindness i. 38 When the angular gyrus itself is destroyed, the patient..is both word-blind and agraphic. 2011 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 23 June 68/2 Some of these unique functions..are based on structures equally unique to the human brain, such as the angular and supramarginal gyri—or convolutions. angular leaf spot n. an area of diseased or dead leaf tissue that is confined within leaf veins and has straightish edges; any of various plant diseases producing such lesions, esp. (a) bacterial blight of cotton caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum (also called blackarm); (b) a bacterial disease of cucumbers and other cucurbits caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > type of disease > bacterial diseases > associated with food or crop plants fire blight1742 apple blight1835 pear blight1854 leaf scald1870 ring rot1875 angular leaf spot1896 blackarm1902 Moko1913 halo blight1920 the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > type of disease > bacterial diseases > angular leaf spot (of cucumber) angular leaf spot1896 1896 G. F. Atkinson in A. C. True Cotton Plant 286 Angular leaf spot. This disease is named from the dark angular spots which appear in the leaf. 1915 Jrnl. Agric. Res. 5 465 The angular leaf-spot of cucumbers (Cucumis sativus) has been known in the field for many years. 1958 P. Spaulding Dis. Foreign Forest Trees U.S. (U.S. Dept. Agric.) 20 Cercospora salviicola... Causes rounded to angular leaf spots, 0.5 to 5 mm. across, gray with dark purple border. 2007 S. T. Koike et al. Veg. Dis. 224/1 Angular leaf spot occurs on cucurbits throughout the world and is particularly serious in more humid, warmer regions. angular perspective n. perspective in which neither side of the principal object is parallel to the plane of delineation; = oblique perspective n. at oblique adj., n., and adv. Compounds 2. ΚΠ 1815 R. Brown Princ. Pract. Perspective 41 I have added to this object a clump of trees, to make it picturesque, and to shew that the landscape accompanying a building in angular perspective should never extend to the distance of the vanishing points. 1927 E. L. Koller Color Technique & Composition 19 A safe rule to follow is to use angular perspective for interior views..and either parallel or angular perspective for exterior views. 2004 T. M. Shumaker in D. A. Madsen Engin. Drawing & Design (ed. 3) xix. 664 Two-point or angular perspective is the most popular [type of perspective drawing technique] and is used to illustrate exteriors of houses, small buildings, civil engineering projects, and, occasionally, machine parts. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2019; most recently modified version published online June 2022). > see also also refers to : -angularcomb. form < n.1802adj.a1398 see also
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angularn.

angularadj.

Compounds

> see also