externadj.n.

/ɛkˈstəːn/

Forms: Middle English–1600s, 1800s externe, 1500s– extern.

Etymology: < Latin externus outward, < exter outside. Compare French externe.

A. adj.

1. Pertaining to or connected with the outside; outwardly perceptible; consisting in outward acts; pertaining to the outward form; = external adj. 1, 2 Now only poetic (rare).

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > [adverb]

outfortha1382

utterward1436

outwardsa1450

outwardlyc1475

extern1537

externly1568

extrinsically1584

outgate1590

outly1605

exteriorlya1616

externally1767

outsidely1803

outside1846

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > [adjective] > of external aspect opposed to internal

extern1537

without doora1616

cortical1685

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > [adjective]

outwardeOE

outwithc1225

outa1300

outermorea1425

withoutforthc1503

exterial1528

outforth?1541

butc1570

exterior1570

extrinsical1594

extrinsic1613

externala1616

outside1634

exoteric1662

extern1666

1537 in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) I. App. lxxxviii. 240 At that time it was necessary to have extern gifts.

1640 J. Howell Δενδρολογια 82 If the Almightie would assume a visible externe shape.

1666 G. Harvey Morbus Anglicus vi. 63 The Lungs..[are] very much exposed to extern and intern injuries.

1678 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. IV 145 The externe act.

1683 E. Hooker in J. Pordage Theologia Mystica Pref. Epist. 78 The..extern exertions of the..visibl form of som Persons.

1882 M. Arnold in 19th Cent. Jan. 8 Pullulating rites externe and vain.

quasi-adverb.a1845 T. Hood Lamia iv, in W. Jerdan Autobiogr. (1852) I. 271 Woman—fair externe, But viperous within.

a. Situated outside, not included within the limits of, the object under consideration; = external adj. 3. Const. to. Now chiefly poetic.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > extrinsicality or externality > [adjective] > situated or concerned with what is outside

exteriora1538

extrinsical1578

extern1598

externala1616

extrinsic1666

extroitivea1834

exogenous1854

1598 R. Barckley Disc. Felicitie of Man i. 59 O man..why..troublest thy selfe with externe things..?

1642 J. Howell Instr. Forreine Travell xvi. 196 Nor are the observations of the Eye any thing profitable, unlesse the Mind draw something from the Externe object to enrich the Soule withall.

1649 J. Ellistone tr. J. Böhme Epist. ii. viii. 20 The..visible World, being a procreation, or extern birth.

1854 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 15 276 Materials altogether extern to an animal..are made to contribute to the maintenance of its life.

1869 R. Browning Ring & Bk. III. ix. 179 Your artist..broods.. away from aught vulgar and extern..On the inner spectrum.

absolute.1850 E. B. Browning Poems (new ed.) II. 290 I feel the externe and insensate creep in On my organized clay.

†b. Situated in or belonging to foreign countries; = external adj. 3b. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > [adjective] > foreign (of country or place) or situated abroad

althedyOE

strange1297

foreigna1393

outward1427

extern1543

abroad1559

external1587

stranger1593

tramontane1596

oversea1645

transmontane1727

trans-oceanic1827

overseas1892

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > [adjective] > foreign (of country or place) or situated abroad > of or relating to a foreign land

un-i-cundeeOE

althedisheOE

althedyOE

elelendisha1000

fremda1000

outlandishOE

strange1297

outenc1300

unkindc1300

outlandsc1330

foreign?1435

outland1488

peregrine1532

uncouth1533

forinsecal1539

exterior1540

extern1543

unnative1568

uplandish1586

external1587

tramontane1596

exotical1601

estranged1614

undenizened1635

extra-marine1639

outlanding1643

ultramarine1656

transmontane1727

forinsec service1728

foreigneering1806

trans-oceanic1827

vilayati1843

alienized1860

oversea1881

overwater1889

overseas1892

furrin1895

non-native1932

1543 R. Grafton Contin. in Chron. J. Hardyng f. cxxix^v I should desire the helpe of externe nacions & countrees.

1583 Sir T. Smith's De Republica Anglorum iii. iv. 95 Souldiers..when they haue no externe seruice..to occupie their buisie heads & handes.

1605 Answer Supposed Discov. Romish Doctr. 48 Any externe Prelate.

1656 Disc. Auxiliary Beauty vii. 83 Those things of extern mode and fashion.

c. Not belonging to a specified community; that is a non-member. Cf. B. 2a.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [adjective] > that is a stranger or outsider

uncouthc893

outcomeeOE

fremdc950

althedyOE

foreigna1325

aliena1382

barbarous1542

barbarianc1550

stranger1593

extraneous1656

outside1826

barbaric1849

extern1866

offcomed1879

1866 Clerical Jrnl. 7 June 548/1 The matter..affecting the congregation alone, he put it to the good sense of extern visitors who might be present, not to claim a hearing.

a. Coming from without, having an outside origin; = external adj. 4. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > extrinsicality or externality > [adjective] > coming or operating from outside or extraneous

strangec1386

alienate1533

extern1533

unnative1568

extrinsical1578

implanted1595

adventitious1603

intervenient1605

acquired1609

extrinsic1613

foreign1621

extraneous1638

adnate1642

acquisititiousa1652

external1651

adventual1656

forinsecal1658

adventine1755

extranate1856

1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1822) i. 30 The faderis began to haif grete fere..traisting sum extern and uncouth violence of divers cieteis.

a1617 P. Baynes Comm. Ephes. (1658) 116 No extern help can make us bring forth good fruit.

1647 J. Howell New Vol. of Lett. 213 It consisted in extern mechanicall artifice onely.

1799 C. Lamb John Woodvil 111 Having a law within..He cannot..be bound by any Positive laws or ordinances extern.

†b. Law. Not essential, accidental; in extern adjunct. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1592 W. West Symbolæogr.: 1st Pt. §36 G Externe Adiuncts be those..in the contract, that may also be absent from it, but in it only when it so Couenanted.

1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Xx3^v Which are inherent, and not externe .

B. n.

†1. Outward appearance, exterior. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > [noun] > the outside or exterior > outer or exterior part(s) > outward parts, appearance, or trappings

exterior1591

extern1609

external1641

externality1839

1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets cxxv. sig. H2^v Wer't ought to me I bore the canopy, With my extern the outward honoring..?

2. An outsider; one who does not belong to or does not reside in an establishment or institution:

a. gen. Also a foreigner; formerly, †one of collateral descent.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [noun] > one who is separated or isolated > stranger or outsider

fremdc950

guestc950

althedyOE

allophyleOE

uncoutha1250

strangea1325

alienc1384

barbarc1384

barbarync1384

strangerc1385

barbaric1388

foreigna1399

outland?a1400

farandman14..

out-comelingc1400

foreigner1422

alienar1473

alienate1497

estrangec1503

new face?a1513

barbarianc1550

fremman1568

frenne1579

estranger1586

inmatea1600

outlier1606

outcomer1607

externc1610

exoteric1697

outner1721

outsider1800

unco1800

inconnu1807

outrigger1850

offcome1859

ringer1896

offcomer1898

shenzi1910

out-grouper1938

outworlder1948

c1610–15 Life Holie Helena in C. Horstmann Lives Women Saints (1886) 30 Being no Romane, but an externe and a Barbarian.

1666 J. Sergeant Let. of Thanks 97 Not by Lineall Descendents..but a few Externs.

1823 G. Darley Lett. Dramatists in London Mag. Dec. Joanna Baillie and young Beddoes, a female extern and a freshman.

1834 H. O'Brien Round Towers Ireland 52 The bungling of natives and the claims of externs.

1839 Fraser's Mag. 19 170 It would be worth gold..to any unlucky extern this pinching night.

b. A day-pupil in a school (French externe); also attributive.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > learning > learner > one attending school > [noun] > day pupil

day scholar1699

day-boy1750

day boarder1758

day pupil1784

day student1795

home boarder1816

day girl1831

out-pupil1841

extern1848

daybug1909

1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair lii. 464 An extern school grew round the old..foundation.

1853 C. Brontë Villette I. viii. 136 The externes or day-pupils exceeded one hundred in number.

1890 Q. Rev. July 86 At the collège Mazarin..he followed [the courses] as an extern.

c. In hospitals (see quot. 1860).

ΚΠ

1860 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. Extern, applied to patients, of hospitals, dispensaries, etc. who are not inmates; to out~patients; also to the assistants, dressers, etc. who attend such or who do not dwell in the institution.

d. In monastic use.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > monasticism > monk > [noun] > living outside monastery

out-brother1565

externc1610

c1610–15 tr. Gregory of Nazianzus Life St. Gorgonia in C. Horstmann Lives Women Saints (1886) 169 Greate companies of kins~folkes, friends, and externes compassed her all-aboute.

1870 Contemp. Rev. 15 590 If there were not some person representing the outer world, some extern, as the Catholics would say.

1887 Law Rep.: Weekly Notes 19 Feb. 32/2 No sister should seek advice of any extern without..leave.

attributive.1881 Encycl. Brit. XII. 302 at Hospital The ‘extern maternity’ charities.

Derivatives

† exˈternly adv. Obsolete outwardly, on the outside.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > extrinsicality or externality > [adverb]

exteriorly1550

externly1568

extrinsically1584

externally1593

ad extra1606

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > [adverb]

outfortha1382

utterward1436

outwardsa1450

outwardlyc1475

extern1537

externly1568

extrinsically1584

outgate1590

outly1605

exteriorlya1616

externally1767

outsidely1803

outside1846

1568 Abp. M. Parker Let. 11 June in Corr. (1853) (modernized text) 325 Nothing hath chanced externly to her Majesty wherein her prudence shall be more marked.

1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. iii. 104 Or stately Toombes, externly guilt and garnisht, With dust and bones inwardly fill'd and furnisht.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	extern
释义	externadj.n. /ɛkˈstəːn/ Forms: Middle English–1600s, 1800s externe, 1500s– extern. Etymology: < Latin externus outward, < exter outside. Compare French externe. A. adj. 1. Pertaining to or connected with the outside; outwardly perceptible; consisting in outward acts; pertaining to the outward form; = external adj. 1, 2 Now only poetic (rare). ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > [adverb] outfortha1382 utterward1436 outwardsa1450 outwardlyc1475 extern1537 externly1568 extrinsically1584 outgate1590 outly1605 exteriorlya1616 externally1767 outsidely1803 outside1846 the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > [adjective] > of external aspect opposed to internal extern1537 without doora1616 cortical1685 the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > [adjective] outwardeOE outwithc1225 outa1300 outermorea1425 withoutforthc1503 exterial1528 outforth?1541 butc1570 exterior1570 extrinsical1594 extrinsic1613 externala1616 outside1634 exoteric1662 extern1666 1537 in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) I. App. lxxxviii. 240 At that time it was necessary to have extern gifts. 1640 J. Howell Δενδρολογια 82 If the Almightie would assume a visible externe shape. 1666 G. Harvey Morbus Anglicus vi. 63 The Lungs..[are] very much exposed to extern and intern injuries. 1678 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. IV 145 The externe act. 1683 E. Hooker in J. Pordage Theologia Mystica Pref. Epist. 78 The..extern exertions of the..visibl form of som Persons. 1882 M. Arnold in 19th Cent. Jan. 8 Pullulating rites externe and vain. quasi-adverb.a1845 T. Hood Lamia iv, in W. Jerdan Autobiogr. (1852) I. 271 Woman—fair externe, But viperous within. 2. a. Situated outside, not included within the limits of, the object under consideration; = external adj. 3. Const. to. Now chiefly poetic. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > extrinsicality or externality > [adjective] > situated or concerned with what is outside exteriora1538 extrinsical1578 extern1598 externala1616 extrinsic1666 extroitivea1834 exogenous1854 1598 R. Barckley Disc. Felicitie of Man i. 59 O man..why..troublest thy selfe with externe things..? 1642 J. Howell Instr. Forreine Travell xvi. 196 Nor are the observations of the Eye any thing profitable, unlesse the Mind draw something from the Externe object to enrich the Soule withall. 1649 J. Ellistone tr. J. Böhme Epist. ii. viii. 20 The..visible World, being a procreation, or extern birth. 1854 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 15 276 Materials altogether extern to an animal..are made to contribute to the maintenance of its life. 1869 R. Browning Ring & Bk. III. ix. 179 Your artist..broods.. away from aught vulgar and extern..On the inner spectrum. absolute.1850 E. B. Browning Poems (new ed.) II. 290 I feel the externe and insensate creep in On my organized clay. †b. Situated in or belonging to foreign countries; = external adj. 3b. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > [adjective] > foreign (of country or place) or situated abroad althedyOE strange1297 foreigna1393 outward1427 extern1543 abroad1559 external1587 stranger1593 tramontane1596 oversea1645 transmontane1727 trans-oceanic1827 overseas1892 society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > a land or country > [adjective] > foreign (of country or place) or situated abroad > of or relating to a foreign land un-i-cundeeOE althedisheOE althedyOE elelendisha1000 fremda1000 outlandishOE strange1297 outenc1300 unkindc1300 outlandsc1330 foreign?1435 outland1488 peregrine1532 uncouth1533 forinsecal1539 exterior1540 extern1543 unnative1568 uplandish1586 external1587 tramontane1596 exotical1601 estranged1614 undenizened1635 extra-marine1639 outlanding1643 ultramarine1656 transmontane1727 forinsec service1728 foreigneering1806 trans-oceanic1827 vilayati1843 alienized1860 oversea1881 overwater1889 overseas1892 furrin1895 non-native1932 1543 R. Grafton Contin. in Chron. J. Hardyng f. cxxix^v I should desire the helpe of externe nacions & countrees. 1583 Sir T. Smith's De Republica Anglorum iii. iv. 95 Souldiers..when they haue no externe seruice..to occupie their buisie heads & handes. 1605 Answer Supposed Discov. Romish Doctr. 48 Any externe Prelate. 1656 Disc. Auxiliary Beauty vii. 83 Those things of extern mode and fashion. c. Not belonging to a specified community; that is a non-member. Cf. B. 2a. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [adjective] > that is a stranger or outsider uncouthc893 outcomeeOE fremdc950 althedyOE foreigna1325 aliena1382 barbarous1542 barbarianc1550 stranger1593 extraneous1656 outside1826 barbaric1849 extern1866 offcomed1879 1866 Clerical Jrnl. 7 June 548/1 The matter..affecting the congregation alone, he put it to the good sense of extern visitors who might be present, not to claim a hearing. 3. a. Coming from without, having an outside origin; = external adj. 4. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > extrinsicality or externality > [adjective] > coming or operating from outside or extraneous strangec1386 alienate1533 extern1533 unnative1568 extrinsical1578 implanted1595 adventitious1603 intervenient1605 acquired1609 extrinsic1613 foreign1621 extraneous1638 adnate1642 acquisititiousa1652 external1651 adventual1656 forinsecal1658 adventine1755 extranate1856 1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1822) i. 30 The faderis began to haif grete fere..traisting sum extern and uncouth violence of divers cieteis. a1617 P. Baynes Comm. Ephes. (1658) 116 No extern help can make us bring forth good fruit. 1647 J. Howell New Vol. of Lett. 213 It consisted in extern mechanicall artifice onely. 1799 C. Lamb John Woodvil 111 Having a law within..He cannot..be bound by any Positive laws or ordinances extern. †b. Law. Not essential, accidental; in extern adjunct. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1592 W. West Symbolæogr.: 1st Pt. §36 G Externe Adiuncts be those..in the contract, that may also be absent from it, but in it only when it so Couenanted. 1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Xx3^v Which are inherent, and not externe . View more context for this quotation B. n. †1. Outward appearance, exterior. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > [noun] > the outside or exterior > outer or exterior part(s) > outward parts, appearance, or trappings exterior1591 extern1609 external1641 externality1839 1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets cxxv. sig. H2^v Wer't ought to me I bore the canopy, With my extern the outward honoring..? View more context for this quotation 2. An outsider; one who does not belong to or does not reside in an establishment or institution: a. gen. Also a foreigner; formerly, †one of collateral descent. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > separation or isolation > [noun] > one who is separated or isolated > stranger or outsider fremdc950 guestc950 althedyOE allophyleOE uncoutha1250 strangea1325 alienc1384 barbarc1384 barbarync1384 strangerc1385 barbaric1388 foreigna1399 outland?a1400 farandman14.. out-comelingc1400 foreigner1422 alienar1473 alienate1497 estrangec1503 new face?a1513 barbarianc1550 fremman1568 frenne1579 estranger1586 inmatea1600 outlier1606 outcomer1607 externc1610 exoteric1697 outner1721 outsider1800 unco1800 inconnu1807 outrigger1850 offcome1859 ringer1896 offcomer1898 shenzi1910 out-grouper1938 outworlder1948 c1610–15 Life Holie Helena in C. Horstmann Lives Women Saints (1886) 30 Being no Romane, but an externe and a Barbarian. 1666 J. Sergeant Let. of Thanks 97 Not by Lineall Descendents..but a few Externs. 1823 G. Darley Lett. Dramatists in London Mag. Dec. Joanna Baillie and young Beddoes, a female extern and a freshman. 1834 H. O'Brien Round Towers Ireland 52 The bungling of natives and the claims of externs. 1839 Fraser's Mag. 19 170 It would be worth gold..to any unlucky extern this pinching night. b. A day-pupil in a school (French externe); also attributive. ΘΚΠ society > education > learning > learner > one attending school > [noun] > day pupil day scholar1699 day-boy1750 day boarder1758 day pupil1784 day student1795 home boarder1816 day girl1831 out-pupil1841 extern1848 daybug1909 1848 W. M. Thackeray Vanity Fair lii. 464 An extern school grew round the old..foundation. 1853 C. Brontë Villette I. viii. 136 The externes or day-pupils exceeded one hundred in number. 1890 Q. Rev. July 86 At the collège Mazarin..he followed [the courses] as an extern. c. In hospitals (see quot. 1860). ΚΠ 1860 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. Extern, applied to patients, of hospitals, dispensaries, etc. who are not inmates; to out~patients; also to the assistants, dressers, etc. who attend such or who do not dwell in the institution. d. In monastic use. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > monasticism > monk > [noun] > living outside monastery out-brother1565 externc1610 c1610–15 tr. Gregory of Nazianzus Life St. Gorgonia in C. Horstmann Lives Women Saints (1886) 169 Greate companies of kins~folkes, friends, and externes compassed her all-aboute. 1870 Contemp. Rev. 15 590 If there were not some person representing the outer world, some extern, as the Catholics would say. 1887 Law Rep.: Weekly Notes 19 Feb. 32/2 No sister should seek advice of any extern without..leave. attributive.1881 Encycl. Brit. XII. 302 at Hospital The ‘extern maternity’ charities. Derivatives † exˈternly adv. Obsolete outwardly, on the outside. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > extrinsicality or externality > [adverb] exteriorly1550 externly1568 extrinsically1584 externally1593 ad extra1606 the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > [adverb] outfortha1382 utterward1436 outwardsa1450 outwardlyc1475 extern1537 externly1568 extrinsically1584 outgate1590 outly1605 exteriorlya1616 externally1767 outsidely1803 outside1846 1568 Abp. M. Parker Let. 11 June in Corr. (1853) (modernized text) 325 Nothing hath chanced externly to her Majesty wherein her prudence shall be more marked. 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. iii. 104 Or stately Toombes, externly guilt and garnisht, With dust and bones inwardly fill'd and furnisht. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adj.n.1533
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