empusan.

Brit.

/ɛmˈp(j)uːzə/, U.S.

/ɛmˈp(j)uzə/

Inflections: Plural empusae, empusas.

Forms:

α. 1500s– empusa.

β. 1600s–1800s empuse.

Also with capital initial.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Partly also a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin Empusa; French empuse.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin Empusa (1493 or earlier) < ancient Greek Ἔμπουσα kind of hobgoblin, assuming various shapes, said to be sent by Hecate, of unknown origin (see note); partly via Middle French, French empuse (1572 in the passage translated in quot. 1603 at sense 1).In the Byzantine Greek lexicon of Suidas, ancient Greek Ἔμπουσα is explained as deriving from ἕν one (see henad n.) and ποδ- , πούς foot (see -pod comb. form), as the creature had one foot made of ore and one foot made of cow-dung. Modern scholars consider the word to be probably of pre-Greek origin; with the suffix compare e.g. Hellenistic Greek ἄγχουσα alkanet (see anchusin n.). In sense 2 after scientific Latin Empusa, genus name (F. J. Cohn 1855, in Nova acta physico-med. Acad. Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosorum 25 316; previously used for a genus of mantis (Illiger 1798) and of orchid (Lindley (1824)).

1. In classical mythology: a female demon or evil spirit associated with the goddess Hecate, supposed to eat humans and to be capable of appearing in different forms. Also more generally: an evil spirit, a hobgoblin; a phantom. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > evil spirit or demon > [noun] > female

mare1440

hag1538

empusa1572

demonessa1638

mare-hag1638

deviless1693

rakshasi1841

glaistig1926

the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > fairy or elf > [noun] > imp, goblin, or hobgoblin

thursec725

puckOE

puckleOE

goblina1350

hurlewaynes kin1399

Hoba1500

bogle?1507

chimera?1521

hobgoblin1530

chyppynutie?1553

bearbug1560

boggard1570

bugbear?c1570

empusa1572

puckerelc1580

puck bug1582

imp1584

urchin1584

fear-babea1586

hob-thrush1590

hodge-poker1598

lar1598

poker1598

bogle-bo1603

mormo1605

foliot1621

mormolukee1624

buggle-boo1625

pug1631

black man1656

feind1659

Tom Poker1673

duende1691

boodie?a1700

worricow1711

bolly1724

Tom Po1744

fleying1811

pooka1824

booger1827

alp1828

boll1847

bogy1857

beastie1867

boogie1880

shag boy1882

1572 R. Harrison tr. L. Lavater Of Ghostes i. 5 The same authour [sc. Philostratus] writeth, that Lamia are called..of many Empusa [L. empusas], ghosts of variable fashion.

1595 M. Mosse Arraignm. Usurie iii. 60 That same Empusa, of whom it is saide in Aristophanes..She seemeth euery thing.

1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 598 Little children, whom they use to scarre with the fantastical illusion Empusa [Fr. l'Empuse].

1621 J. Molle tr. P. Camerarius Liuing Libr. iv. xi. 264 This faire bride is an Empuse [Fr. vne empuse] or Hag.

1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. ii. 62 Though this Monster [sc. Atheism]..strutt and stalk so Gigantically..yet it is indeed..a mere Empty Bladder, blown up with vain Conceit, an Empusa, Phantasm, or Spectre.

1708 J. Kersey Dict. Anglo-Britannicum Empusa, a Hogoblin.

1790 J. Bell Bell's New Pantheon I. 286/2 Empusa, a kind of hobgoblin, under the direction of Hecate.

1853 W. S. Landor Imaginary Conversat. in Wks. I. 188/1 This Empusa puts his ass's foot on the French, and his iron one on the English.

1875 W. W. Story Nero iv. v. 176 Gods! they might loose on me Mormolyceia, and Empusæ dire, And evil Lamiæ, and all the brood Sent by black Hecate forth to suck men's blood!

1925 A. Huxley Along the Road iii. 192 Here were chimaeras and empusas at every turn.

1996 Uri Geller's Encounters Dec. 58/3 Later Greeks made Hades more judgmental, and whip-wielding spirits of vengeance known as the erinyes, winged death spirits, and the vampirish empusae awaited those who had led evil lives.

2. Biology. (In form Empusa) a genus of fungi which grow within the bodies of flies and other insects, causing deformity and death; (also empusa) a fungus of this genus. See also Compounds 1. Now rare.The genus is now usually called Entomophthora (family Entomophthoraceae, order Entomophthorales).

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > fungi > [noun] > other fungi

bolet1526

boletus1601

byssus1753

fly-fungus1822

turban-top1828

stilbid1846

empusa1856

Scotch bonnet1861

wolf's-milk1861

lizard's herb1866

fairy ring1870

Malta fungus1870

flowers of tan1882

mycorrhiza1886

fumago1887

milky cap1887

moss-gold1887

oomycete1889

razor strop fungus1893

club-fungusa1909

sulphur tuft1909

bolete1914

old man of the woods1972

1856 J. W. Griffith & A. Henfrey Micrographic Dict. 646/2 Sporendonema is founded apparently on imperfect observation; S. muscæ, the true characters of which are given under that head, has been renamed Empusa, and its proper position is as yet obscure, but it would appear to be referable to the Mucorini.

1871 Rep. Brit. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 1870 p. lxxxvi When one of the spores falls upon the body of a fly, it..sends out a process which bores its way through the fly's skin; this, having reached the interior cavities of its body, gives off the minute floating corpuscles which are the earliest stage of the Empusa.

1906 Bot. Gaz. 41 205 I have not yet completely solved satisfactorily to myself the peculiar method of abjection of the spores of my undetermined species of Empusa.

1919 Trans. Amer. Microsc. Soc. 38 264 The media used differ greatly in food content from the bodies of insects upon which the Empusas grow.

1975 C. M. Christensen Molds, Mushrooms, & Mycotoxins vi. 165 Crickets parasitized by a species of Empusa..normally live and die hidden away beneath rocks and logs.

Compounds

C1. General attributive in sense 2, as Empusa disease, Empusa fungus, etc. Now rare and chiefly historical.

ΚΠ

1857 Trans. Microsc. Soc. 5 157 Eight to ten hours after death the delicate membrane by which the segments are united, is perforated by the clavate extremities of the Empusa-cells, which then appear on the exterior.

1892 Public Health Papers & Rep. 1891 (Amer. Public Health Assoc.) 17 89 The empusa spores did not develop.

1904 Bull. Cornell Univ. Agric. Exper. Station No. 215. 95 They [sc. grape leaf-hoppers] were then attacked by a species of Empusa fungus which eventually destroyed them entirely.

1965 C. M. Christensen Molds & Man (ed. 3) viii. 157 Empusa disease. The common housefly..often is attacked by a fungus.

2012 F. E. Vega & H. K. Kaya Insect Pathol. (ed. 2) ii. 14 (table) 1855..Cohn describes Empusa fungus in house fly.

C2.

† empusaland n. Obsolete an imaginary land or world inhabited by empusas; the world of the imagination.Apparently an isolated use.

ΚΠ

1799 W. Taylor Let. 1 Nov. in J. W. Robberds Mem. W. Taylor (1843) I. 305 When I return from empusaland to reality.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	empusa
释义	empusan. Brit. /ɛmˈp(j)uːzə/, U.S. /ɛmˈp(j)uzə/ Inflections: Plural empusae, empusas. Forms: α. 1500s– empusa. β. 1600s–1800s empuse. Also with capital initial. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Partly also a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin Empusa; French empuse. Etymology: < post-classical Latin Empusa (1493 or earlier) < ancient Greek Ἔμπουσα kind of hobgoblin, assuming various shapes, said to be sent by Hecate, of unknown origin (see note); partly via Middle French, French empuse (1572 in the passage translated in quot. 1603 at sense 1).In the Byzantine Greek lexicon of Suidas, ancient Greek Ἔμπουσα is explained as deriving from ἕν one (see henad n.) and ποδ- , πούς foot (see -pod comb. form), as the creature had one foot made of ore and one foot made of cow-dung. Modern scholars consider the word to be probably of pre-Greek origin; with the suffix compare e.g. Hellenistic Greek ἄγχουσα alkanet (see anchusin n.). In sense 2 after scientific Latin Empusa, genus name (F. J. Cohn 1855, in Nova acta physico-med. Acad. Caesareae Leopoldino-Carolinae Naturae Curiosorum 25 316; previously used for a genus of mantis (Illiger 1798) and of orchid (Lindley (1824)). 1. In classical mythology: a female demon or evil spirit associated with the goddess Hecate, supposed to eat humans and to be capable of appearing in different forms. Also more generally: an evil spirit, a hobgoblin; a phantom. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > evil spirit or demon > [noun] > female mare1440 hag1538 empusa1572 demonessa1638 mare-hag1638 deviless1693 rakshasi1841 glaistig1926 the world > the supernatural > supernatural being > fairy or elf > [noun] > imp, goblin, or hobgoblin thursec725 puckOE puckleOE goblina1350 hurlewaynes kin1399 Hoba1500 bogle?1507 chimera?1521 hobgoblin1530 chyppynutie?1553 bearbug1560 boggard1570 bugbear?c1570 empusa1572 puckerelc1580 puck bug1582 imp1584 urchin1584 fear-babea1586 hob-thrush1590 hodge-poker1598 lar1598 poker1598 bogle-bo1603 mormo1605 foliot1621 mormolukee1624 buggle-boo1625 pug1631 black man1656 feind1659 Tom Poker1673 duende1691 boodie?a1700 worricow1711 bolly1724 Tom Po1744 fleying1811 pooka1824 booger1827 alp1828 boll1847 bogy1857 beastie1867 boogie1880 shag boy1882 1572 R. Harrison tr. L. Lavater Of Ghostes i. 5 The same authour [sc. Philostratus] writeth, that Lamia are called..of many Empusa [L. empusas], ghosts of variable fashion. 1595 M. Mosse Arraignm. Usurie iii. 60 That same Empusa, of whom it is saide in Aristophanes..She seemeth euery thing. 1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 598 Little children, whom they use to scarre with the fantastical illusion Empusa [Fr. l'Empuse]. 1621 J. Molle tr. P. Camerarius Liuing Libr. iv. xi. 264 This faire bride is an Empuse [Fr. vne empuse] or Hag. 1678 R. Cudworth True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. ii. 62 Though this Monster [sc. Atheism]..strutt and stalk so Gigantically..yet it is indeed..a mere Empty Bladder, blown up with vain Conceit, an Empusa, Phantasm, or Spectre. 1708 J. Kersey Dict. Anglo-Britannicum Empusa, a Hogoblin. 1790 J. Bell Bell's New Pantheon I. 286/2 Empusa, a kind of hobgoblin, under the direction of Hecate. 1853 W. S. Landor Imaginary Conversat. in Wks. I. 188/1 This Empusa puts his ass's foot on the French, and his iron one on the English. 1875 W. W. Story Nero iv. v. 176 Gods! they might loose on me Mormolyceia, and Empusæ dire, And evil Lamiæ, and all the brood Sent by black Hecate forth to suck men's blood! 1925 A. Huxley Along the Road iii. 192 Here were chimaeras and empusas at every turn. 1996 Uri Geller's Encounters Dec. 58/3 Later Greeks made Hades more judgmental, and whip-wielding spirits of vengeance known as the erinyes, winged death spirits, and the vampirish empusae awaited those who had led evil lives. 2. Biology. (In form Empusa) a genus of fungi which grow within the bodies of flies and other insects, causing deformity and death; (also empusa) a fungus of this genus. See also Compounds 1. Now rare.The genus is now usually called Entomophthora (family Entomophthoraceae, order Entomophthorales). ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > fungi > [noun] > other fungi bolet1526 boletus1601 byssus1753 fly-fungus1822 turban-top1828 stilbid1846 empusa1856 Scotch bonnet1861 wolf's-milk1861 lizard's herb1866 fairy ring1870 Malta fungus1870 flowers of tan1882 mycorrhiza1886 fumago1887 milky cap1887 moss-gold1887 oomycete1889 razor strop fungus1893 club-fungusa1909 sulphur tuft1909 bolete1914 old man of the woods1972 1856 J. W. Griffith & A. Henfrey Micrographic Dict. 646/2 Sporendonema is founded apparently on imperfect observation; S. muscæ, the true characters of which are given under that head, has been renamed Empusa, and its proper position is as yet obscure, but it would appear to be referable to the Mucorini. 1871 Rep. Brit. Assoc. Advancem. Sci. 1870 p. lxxxvi When one of the spores falls upon the body of a fly, it..sends out a process which bores its way through the fly's skin; this, having reached the interior cavities of its body, gives off the minute floating corpuscles which are the earliest stage of the Empusa. 1906 Bot. Gaz. 41 205 I have not yet completely solved satisfactorily to myself the peculiar method of abjection of the spores of my undetermined species of Empusa. 1919 Trans. Amer. Microsc. Soc. 38 264 The media used differ greatly in food content from the bodies of insects upon which the Empusas grow. 1975 C. M. Christensen Molds, Mushrooms, & Mycotoxins vi. 165 Crickets parasitized by a species of Empusa..normally live and die hidden away beneath rocks and logs. Compounds C1. General attributive in sense 2, as Empusa disease, Empusa fungus, etc. Now rare and chiefly historical. ΚΠ 1857 Trans. Microsc. Soc. 5 157 Eight to ten hours after death the delicate membrane by which the segments are united, is perforated by the clavate extremities of the Empusa-cells, which then appear on the exterior. 1892 Public Health Papers & Rep. 1891 (Amer. Public Health Assoc.) 17 89 The empusa spores did not develop. 1904 Bull. Cornell Univ. Agric. Exper. Station No. 215. 95 They [sc. grape leaf-hoppers] were then attacked by a species of Empusa fungus which eventually destroyed them entirely. 1965 C. M. Christensen Molds & Man (ed. 3) viii. 157 Empusa disease. The common housefly..often is attacked by a fungus. 2012 F. E. Vega & H. K. Kaya Insect Pathol. (ed. 2) ii. 14 (table) 1855..Cohn describes Empusa fungus in house fly. C2. † empusaland n. Obsolete an imaginary land or world inhabited by empusas; the world of the imagination.Apparently an isolated use. ΚΠ 1799 W. Taylor Let. 1 Nov. in J. W. Robberds Mem. W. Taylor (1843) I. 305 When I return from empusaland to reality. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1572
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