单词 | dna |
释义 | DNAn. Biochemistry. = deoxyribonucleic acid n. Cf. RNA n. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > nucleic acid > DNA thymo-nucleic acid1904 deoxyribonucleic acid1931 DNA1944 DNase1949 C1958 minicircle1967 Z-DNA1979 1944 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 156 691 The key rôle of the desoxyribose type of these substances in the reproduction of inheritable characteristics has been emphasized by the identification of desoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA) as a major component of chromosomal nucleoprotein. 1951 Lancet 16 June 1287/1 In normal animal and plant cells deoxyribonucleic acid (D.N.A.) is located entirely within the nucleus. 1955 New Biol. 19 9 DNA molecules are chains which can be broken down into nucleotides. Each nucleotide molecule can be broken down by hydrolysis into a molecule of phosphoric acid, one of desoxyribose (a five carbon sugar) and one of a purine (adenine or guanine) or of a pyrimidine (thymine, cytosine or 5-methyl cytosine, but in some phages thymine or 5-hydroxy-methyl-cytosine). 1955 Sci. Amer. Oct. 70/3 The chromosomes are made largely of DNA (desoxyribonucleic acid). DNA can exist in a great multitude of forms, all built of the same building blocks but with the units arranged in different sequences. The hereditary information carried by a DNA molecule is contained in the order of arrangement of these units. 1962 A. Huxley Let. 26 Dec. (1969) 945 He talked such nonsense..about true intelligence residing only in the DNA molecule. 1970 Nature 5 Sept. 998/2 Demolition of the hallowed idea of the molecular biologist that RNA cannot synthesize DNA has prompted a reinvestigation of other ideas. Compounds C1. In names of enzymes acting on or catalysing the production of DNA, as DNA ligase, DNA methylase, DNA polymerase, etc. ΚΠ 1962 Federation Proc. (Federation Amer. Soc. Exper. Biol.) 21 456/2 DNA polymerase activity was measured in crude cell extracts according to Bollum. 1963 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 50 906 The most serious difficulty is introduced by the DNA transcriptase. 1968 A. White et al. Princ. Biochem. (ed. 4) xxviii. 654 The ends of the linear form were joined by using an enzyme called DNA ligase or joining enzyme to produce the double-stranded circular form. 1971 Jrnl. Molecular Biol. 57 486 As a necessary first step in the methylation process, DNA methylase must bind in some way to DNA. 1979 D. R. Hofstadter Gödel, Escher, Bach (1980) xvi. 530 The DNA polymerase is basically a copy-and-move enzyme. 1987 E. E. Conn et al. Outl. Biochem. (ed. 5) xix. 593 The DNA methylase in the bacterial restriction-modification system..plays an important role in protecting the host DNA from destruction from restriction endonucleases. C2. DNA fingerprint n. a genetic fingerprint involving the characterization of DNA; spec. one obtained by DNA fingerprinting. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > nucleic acid > DNA > DNA fingerprinting or genetic profiling > DNA fingerprint or genetic profile genetic profile1959 DNA fingerprint1969 genetic fingerprint1969 DNA profile1971 1969 Jrnl. Molecular Biol. 43 611 In the DNA fingerprints, however, every spot consisted of a mixture of several isomers. 1978 Chromosoma 66 9 That they were related but not identical was deduced from DNA ‘fingerprint’ studies. 1988 Mouse News Let. Nov. 124 Inbred strains of mice have less complex DNA fingerprints than wild mice. 1995 Daily Express 17 Mar. 17/3 Each suspect's sample will be checked against ‘DNA fingerprints’ left behind during every outstanding crime in the country. DNA fingerprinting n. the analysis of small samples of DNA to establish the pattern of hypervariable repeated sequences of base pairs in the DNA, which are distinctive for each individual; = genetic fingerprinting n. at genetic adj. Compounds 2c. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > nucleic acid > DNA > DNA fingerprinting or genetic profiling DNA fingerprinting1980 genetic profiling1986 DNA profiling1988 1980 Jrnl. Pediatrics 97 92/2 The technique used for viral DNA fingerprinting has been described previously. 1985 Sci. News 21 Dec. 39 It is envisaged that DNA fingerprinting will revolutionize forensic biology particularly with regard to the identification of rape suspects. 1989 E. Lawrence Guide Mod. Biol. iv. 115 The general technique of restriction analysis has been exploited to develop a method of DNA fingerprinting by which any individual can be unambiguously identified from his or her DNA. 1989 NERC News 8 13 By applying DNA fingerprinting to whales it is possible to unravel some of the mysteries of their behaviour. 1992 N.Y. Times 18 Feb. c10/5 The researchers hope soon to begin doing DNA fingerprinting on the dolphins to determine family trees. DNA profile n. a distinctive pattern obtained by analysis of the DNA of an individual or organism; spec. = DNA fingerprint n. above. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > nucleic acid > DNA > DNA fingerprinting or genetic profiling > DNA fingerprint or genetic profile genetic profile1959 DNA fingerprint1969 genetic fingerprint1969 DNA profile1971 1971 Arch. f. Mikrobiol. LXXVIII. 252 (title) DNA profile of the spore of Blastocladiella emersonii. 1976 Acta Path. et Microbiol. Scand. A. 84 461/2 In all cases of malignant tumour, the DNA profile was abnormal. 1988 Daily Tel. 31 Dec. 4/8 Mr Gale says that it would not be difficult for everyone's DNA profile to be put on their medical record. 1992 Police Rev. 17 Jan. 100/2 Mr Williams was eliminated from the inquiry, but his DNA profile was stored on a database. DNA profiling n. = DNA fingerprinting n. above. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > nucleic acid > DNA > DNA fingerprinting or genetic profiling DNA fingerprinting1980 genetic profiling1986 DNA profiling1988 1988 Evidence: Blood Group Tests, DNA Tests & related matters (Scottish Law Commission Discussion paper no. 80) iii. 32 The court should have power to order samples of blood or other matter to be taken from a person's body for the purpose of blood group tests, DNA profiling or other procedures. 1990 Sci. Amer. May 18/3 DNA profiling, a recent technique that in theory can identify an individual from his or her DNA with a high degree of certainty. Draft additions September 2022 figurative and in figurative contexts. The fundamental nature or essence of a person or thing; the distinctive characteristics or qualities of someone or something, esp. when regarded as intrinsic or unchangeable. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > essence or intrinsic nature > [noun] pitheOE i-cundeeOE roota1325 substancec1330 juicec1380 marrowa1382 formc1385 acta1398 quidditya1398 substantial forma1398 inward1398 savourc1400 inwardc1450 allaya1456 essencya1475 being1521 bottom1531 spirit?1534 summary1548 ecceity1549 core1556 flower1568 formality1570 sum and substance1572 alloy1594 soul1598 inwardness1605 quid1606 fibre1607 selfness1611 whatness1611 essentialityc1616 propera1626 the whole shot1628 substantiala1631 esse1642 entity1643 virtuality1646 ingeny1647 quoddity1647 intimacy1648 ens1649 inbeing1661 essence1667 interiority1701 intrinsic1716 stamen1758 character1761 quidditas1782 hyparxis1792 rasa1800 bone1829 what1861 isness1865 inscape1868 as-suchness1909 Wesen1959 1969 P'an Ku (Broward Coll.) 5 ii. 12/2 I, rejecting that there was sin in my DNA. 1995 Campaign (Nexis) 28 Apr. 14 In the lager bonanza of the 80s Guinness ads tended to play down the brand's heaviness and creaminess. But these qualities are its DNA. 2022 USA Today (Nexis) 29 Mar. 8 c [He] can't just ignore the hate and stay quiet. It's not part of his DNA. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1972; most recently modified version published online September 2022). < |
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