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单词 dna
释义

DNAn.

Brit. /diːɛnˈeɪ/, U.S. /ˌdiˌɛnˈeɪ/
Forms: Also (rare) D.N.A.
Etymology: Abbreviation.
Biochemistry.
= deoxyribonucleic acid n. Cf. RNA n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > nucleic acid > DNA
thymo-nucleic acid1904
deoxyribonucleic acid1931
DNA1944
DNase1949
C1958
minicircle1967
Z-DNA1979
1944 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 156 691 The key rôle of the desoxyribose type of these substances in the reproduction of inheritable characteristics has been emphasized by the identification of desoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA) as a major component of chromosomal nucleoprotein.
1951 Lancet 16 June 1287/1 In normal animal and plant cells deoxyribonucleic acid (D.N.A.) is located entirely within the nucleus.
1955 New Biol. 19 9 DNA molecules are chains which can be broken down into nucleotides. Each nucleotide molecule can be broken down by hydrolysis into a molecule of phosphoric acid, one of desoxyribose (a five carbon sugar) and one of a purine (adenine or guanine) or of a pyrimidine (thymine, cytosine or 5-methyl cytosine, but in some phages thymine or 5-hydroxy-methyl-cytosine).
1955 Sci. Amer. Oct. 70/3 The chromosomes are made largely of DNA (desoxyribonucleic acid). DNA can exist in a great multitude of forms, all built of the same building blocks but with the units arranged in different sequences. The hereditary information carried by a DNA molecule is contained in the order of arrangement of these units.
1962 A. Huxley Let. 26 Dec. (1969) 945 He talked such nonsense..about true intelligence residing only in the DNA molecule.
1970 Nature 5 Sept. 998/2 Demolition of the hallowed idea of the molecular biologist that RNA cannot synthesize DNA has prompted a reinvestigation of other ideas.

Compounds

C1. In names of enzymes acting on or catalysing the production of DNA, as DNA ligase, DNA methylase, DNA polymerase, etc.
ΚΠ
1962 Federation Proc. (Federation Amer. Soc. Exper. Biol.) 21 456/2 DNA polymerase activity was measured in crude cell extracts according to Bollum.
1963 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 50 906 The most serious difficulty is introduced by the DNA transcriptase.
1968 A. White et al. Princ. Biochem. (ed. 4) xxviii. 654 The ends of the linear form were joined by using an enzyme called DNA ligase or joining enzyme to produce the double-stranded circular form.
1971 Jrnl. Molecular Biol. 57 486 As a necessary first step in the methylation process, DNA methylase must bind in some way to DNA.
1979 D. R. Hofstadter Gödel, Escher, Bach (1980) xvi. 530 The DNA polymerase is basically a copy-and-move enzyme.
1987 E. E. Conn et al. Outl. Biochem. (ed. 5) xix. 593 The DNA methylase in the bacterial restriction-modification system..plays an important role in protecting the host DNA from destruction from restriction endonucleases.
C2.
DNA fingerprint n. a genetic fingerprint involving the characterization of DNA; spec. one obtained by DNA fingerprinting.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > nucleic acid > DNA > DNA fingerprinting or genetic profiling > DNA fingerprint or genetic profile
genetic profile1959
DNA fingerprint1969
genetic fingerprint1969
DNA profile1971
1969 Jrnl. Molecular Biol. 43 611 In the DNA fingerprints, however, every spot consisted of a mixture of several isomers.
1978 Chromosoma 66 9 That they were related but not identical was deduced from DNA ‘fingerprint’ studies.
1988 Mouse News Let. Nov. 124 Inbred strains of mice have less complex DNA fingerprints than wild mice.
1995 Daily Express 17 Mar. 17/3 Each suspect's sample will be checked against ‘DNA fingerprints’ left behind during every outstanding crime in the country.
DNA fingerprinting n. the analysis of small samples of DNA to establish the pattern of hypervariable repeated sequences of base pairs in the DNA, which are distinctive for each individual; = genetic fingerprinting n. at genetic adj. Compounds 2c.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > nucleic acid > DNA > DNA fingerprinting or genetic profiling
DNA fingerprinting1980
genetic profiling1986
DNA profiling1988
1980 Jrnl. Pediatrics 97 92/2 The technique used for viral DNA fingerprinting has been described previously.
1985 Sci. News 21 Dec. 39 It is envisaged that DNA fingerprinting will revolutionize forensic biology particularly with regard to the identification of rape suspects.
1989 E. Lawrence Guide Mod. Biol. iv. 115 The general technique of restriction analysis has been exploited to develop a method of DNA fingerprinting by which any individual can be unambiguously identified from his or her DNA.
1989 NERC News 8 13 By applying DNA fingerprinting to whales it is possible to unravel some of the mysteries of their behaviour.
1992 N.Y. Times 18 Feb. c10/5 The researchers hope soon to begin doing DNA fingerprinting on the dolphins to determine family trees.
DNA profile n. a distinctive pattern obtained by analysis of the DNA of an individual or organism; spec. = DNA fingerprint n. above.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > nucleic acid > DNA > DNA fingerprinting or genetic profiling > DNA fingerprint or genetic profile
genetic profile1959
DNA fingerprint1969
genetic fingerprint1969
DNA profile1971
1971 Arch. f. Mikrobiol. LXXVIII. 252 (title) DNA profile of the spore of Blastocladiella emersonii.
1976 Acta Path. et Microbiol. Scand. A. 84 461/2 In all cases of malignant tumour, the DNA profile was abnormal.
1988 Daily Tel. 31 Dec. 4/8 Mr Gale says that it would not be difficult for everyone's DNA profile to be put on their medical record.
1992 Police Rev. 17 Jan. 100/2 Mr Williams was eliminated from the inquiry, but his DNA profile was stored on a database.
DNA profiling n. = DNA fingerprinting n. above.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > nucleic acid > DNA > DNA fingerprinting or genetic profiling
DNA fingerprinting1980
genetic profiling1986
DNA profiling1988
1988 Evidence: Blood Group Tests, DNA Tests & related matters (Scottish Law Commission Discussion paper no. 80) iii. 32 The court should have power to order samples of blood or other matter to be taken from a person's body for the purpose of blood group tests, DNA profiling or other procedures.
1990 Sci. Amer. May 18/3 DNA profiling, a recent technique that in theory can identify an individual from his or her DNA with a high degree of certainty.

Draft additions September 2022

figurative and in figurative contexts. The fundamental nature or essence of a person or thing; the distinctive characteristics or qualities of someone or something, esp. when regarded as intrinsic or unchangeable.
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > essence or intrinsic nature > [noun]
pitheOE
i-cundeeOE
roota1325
substancec1330
juicec1380
marrowa1382
formc1385
acta1398
quidditya1398
substantial forma1398
inward1398
savourc1400
inwardc1450
allaya1456
essencya1475
being1521
bottom1531
spirit?1534
summary1548
ecceity1549
core1556
flower1568
formality1570
sum and substance1572
alloy1594
soul1598
inwardness1605
quid1606
fibre1607
selfness1611
whatness1611
essentialityc1616
propera1626
the whole shot1628
substantiala1631
esse1642
entity1643
virtuality1646
ingeny1647
quoddity1647
intimacy1648
ens1649
inbeing1661
essence1667
interiority1701
intrinsic1716
stamen1758
character1761
quidditas1782
hyparxis1792
rasa1800
bone1829
what1861
isness1865
inscape1868
as-suchness1909
Wesen1959
1969 P'an Ku (Broward Coll.) 5 ii. 12/2 I, rejecting that there was sin in my DNA.
1995 Campaign (Nexis) 28 Apr. 14 In the lager bonanza of the 80s Guinness ads tended to play down the brand's heaviness and creaminess. But these qualities are its DNA.
2022 USA Today (Nexis) 29 Mar. 8 c [He] can't just ignore the hate and stay quiet. It's not part of his DNA.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1972; most recently modified version published online September 2022).
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n.1944
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