descendantadj.n.

Brit.

/dᵻˈsɛnd(ə)nt/, U.S.

/dəˈsɛnd(ə)nt/,

/diˈsɛnd(ə)nt/

Forms:

α. late Middle English– descendant, 1500s descendante, 1500s discendant.

β. 1500s– descendent, 1600s descendens (plural).

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French descendant; Latin dēscendent-, dēscendēns.

Etymology: Partly (i) < Middle French descendant (noun) person who goes down (a hill, etc.) (early 12th cent. in Anglo-Norman), person descended from a particular ancestor or lineage (c1260 in Old French), act of going down (a mountain, etc.) (a1349), (in astronomy) the part of the heavens that is descending below the horizon (1550 in the passage translated in quot. 1593 at sense B. 2, or earlier) and adjective (1514 in ligne descendant line of descent, lineage, or earlier: compare quot. c1429 at sense A. 1), use as noun and adjective of the present participle of descendre descend v.; compare -ant suffix¹; and partly (ii) < classical Latin dēscendent-, dēscendēns, present participle of dēscendere (see descendent adj.); compare also Anglo-Norman descendent person descended from a particular ancestor or lineage (1294 in plural form descendens ), post-classical Latin descendent- , descendens , noun (6th cent.). Compare descendent adj. (originally a variant of this word). Compare also Catalan descendent, adjective and noun (14th cent.), Spanish descendente, adjective (mid 13th cent. or earlier), descendiente, noun (1511 or earlier), Portuguese descendente, adjective and noun (1319), Italian discendente, adjective (13th cent.) and noun (a1292).Dictionaries and usage guides from the mid 18th cent. onward generally prefer the spelling descendent for the adjective (see descendent adj.) and descendant for the noun. Johnson gives Descendant noun, Descendent adjective, and remarks ‘It seems to be established that the substantive should derive the termination from the French, and the adjective from the Latin’. However, descendant has been the more common spelling in senses A. 1 and A. 2 since at least the late 19th cent., probably since it is likely to be perceived in many cases as an attributive use of the noun (compare B. 1, B. 2). Conversely, the form descendent is occasionally attested in use as a noun in current use, although this is less common. Compare similar spelling variation at ascendant adj. and n. and see discussion at -ant suffix¹ and -ent suffix.

A. adj.

1. Deriving from or originating with a particular progenitor, ancestor, or ancestral stock; (of an ancestral line) that may be traced down; also in extended use. See descend v. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > [adjective]

descendantc1429

downwith1488

downward1552

vailinga1639

down1642

descending1700

dipping1817

downcoming1922

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > descendant > [adjective]

descendantc1429

branchedc1475

originala1500

descended1565

descending1594

originary1594

exact1596

prognatec1600

c1429 Mirour Mans Saluacioune (1986) l. 750 Crist moght noght be borne of hire posteritee [glossed] of hire ligne descendant.

1595 W. Allen et al. Conf. Next Succession Crowne of Ingland ii. viii. 184 Of the right discendant line of K. John.

a1641 R. Montagu Acts & Monuments (1642) 26 His Son..descendent and extracted from his loines.

1658 W. Sanderson Compl. Hist. Life King Charles 1 We come now to the Descendent Son and Heir, Charles the first of the Name, King of Great Brittain, France and Ireland.

1725 W. Broome in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey I. ii. 313 Were not wise sons descendent [1758 descendant] of the wise.

1767 C. Smart tr. Horace Odes iv. xiv. in tr. Horace Wks. (new ed.) II. 143 Those descendant heirs of love's indulgent queen.

1857 J. Ruskin Polit. Econ. Art ii. 112 The best and greatest of descendant souls.

1917 R. J. H. Gottheil Belmont-Belmonte Family ii. 17 The only descendant family known in Spain was in the province of Navarre.

2011 R. Fortey Survivors iii. 79 Former free-living bacteria were summarily tucked away inside the swag bag of a bigger descendant cell.

2. Astrology and (formerly) Astronomy. That is descending towards or below the horizon; (of a planet) passing to where it has less astrological influence. Cf. descend v. 4b.† descendant node n. Obsolete = descending node n. at descending n. Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > heavenly body > movement of heavenly bodies > [adjective] > setting

descendanta1522

setting1597

occidual1635

occiduous1656

descensional1728

declinant1893

a1522 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid (1957) i. v. l. 2 (marginal commentary) That Venus was sorofull, that is to knaw, discendent, and nocht in her strength, signifeis the sorofull departyng and myschans of Dido.

1621 D. Widdowes tr. W. A. Scribonius Nat. Philos. 14 The Ascendant [node] is higher where ☾..doth come nearest unto us. The descendant, when the ☾ is removing from us.

1690 W. Leybourn Cursus mathematicus f. 818 The Descendent Node of the Moon.

1911 I. M. Pagan From Pioneer to Poet iii. 254 As a man reaches his prime and passes on to middle age, the mental activities take a more important place, and the descendant sign often becomes dominant.

1998 J. Casulleras in M. Fierro & J. Samsó Formation al-Andalus II. 352 The procedures for finding the mean approximate longitudes of the sun and moon, and the ascendant and descendant signs.

B. n.

a. A person who descends from a particular progenitor, ancestor, or ancestral stock (see descend v. 2); issue, offspring (usually in the context of inheritance).

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > descendant > [noun]

sonOE

lineage1303

rootc1330

impinga1340

after-comera1382

nephewa1387

impc1412

descentc1475

branch1535

descendant1569

stirp1574

scion1591

sprig1591

slip1594

sprout?1611

posterior1889

ancestor1920

1569 J. Leslie Def. Honour Marie Quene of Scotl. ii. f. 70^v Yf then the originall worde of the statute declaringe the saide rule, maye naturallie and properlie appertine to all the descendants, why shoulde we straine and binde yt to the firste degree onlie?

1579 G. Fenton tr. F. Guicciardini Hist. Guicciardin viii. 442 The glory of actions which by this common weale and her discendants, haue bene made more great, then (since the imperie of the Romains) by any other principallitie or state in the world.

1600 E. Blount tr. G. F. di Conestaggio Hist. Uniting Portugall to Castill iii. 85 All the descendents [It. descendenti] of Beatrice.

1623 in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll. (1659) 86 Their Servants, Children, and Descendens.

a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Northants. 301 It appeareth to me by a well proved pedigree, that Henry Chancy..is the direct descendant from the aforesaid John Chancy.

1725 S. Clarke Disc. Nat. Relig. (ed. 6) 261 Abraham's Descendents according to the Flesh.

1795 R. Southey in R. Lovell & R. Southey Poems 5 For he, the last descendant of his race, Slept with his fathers.

1872 J. Morley Voltaire ii. 51 A descendant of the conquering Franks.

1875 E. Poste tr. Gaius Institutionum Iuris Civilis (ed. 2) 265 From the rules of caducity ascendants and descendants of the testator to the third degree were excepted.

1960 O. Manning Great Fortune i. iv. 48 He was, Yakimov had discovered from Dobson, a last descendant of one of the Greek Phanariot families that had ruled and exploited Rumania under the Turks.

2002 New Yorker 14 Oct. 193/1 He is a squat man with a white beard, and wears the black turban of the sayyid, a descendant of the Prophet Muhammad.

b. In extended use: a person or thing whose origin may be traced to a particular source or predecessor; a machine, artefact, system, etc., that has developed from an earlier, esp. more rudimentary, version.

ΚΠ

1598 I. K. tr. A. Romei Courtier's Acad. v. 214 As the vertue of the most guttering sunne-beames, is of force to make things obscure visible, so the vertue of many discendants [It. descendenti] of a most bright beame, may illustrate an obscure linage.

1623 W. Rawley Serm. Meekenesse 49 Lest this Vertue should haue an euill Report, as the Descendant of Basenesse, or Pusillanimity, I haue freed it, from that Ignominy, and Scandall.

1785 R. Cumberland Nat. Son ii. 31 Off, monster!—Are we amongst woods and wilds, with satyrs, or in a civiliz'd society, with men?—Here is no scene for Lapithean banquets, thou descendant of the Centaurs!

1794 E. Jones Mus. Relicks Welsh Bards (rev. ed.) 81/2 The blessing of a Bard, a true descendant of Song.

1870 F. W. Farrar Families of Speech ii. 100 The Gothic language is absolutely dead..it has left no direct descendants.

1871 A. R. Wallace Contrib. Theory Nat. Select. viii. 295 Are not improved Steam Engines or Clocks the lineal descendants of some existing Steam Engine or Clock?

1894 Christian World 23 Aug. 629/2 The descendants of the Puritans—the Nonconformists of to-day.

1921 Mariner's Mirror 7 228 The rib-and-plank vessel is the lineal descendant of the dug-out.

1981 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 22 Oct. 29/4 The H-block hunger strikes have..everything to do with the IRA's claim to be the only true descendants of our Republican martyrs.

2002 T. Pinchuck et al. Rough Guide S. Afr. (ed. 3) 865 Men and women participate in the toyi-toyi, a direct descendant of the war songs originally performed only by women.

c. An animal, plant, variety, or breed that is descended from some other animal, plant, etc.

ΚΠ

1735 Sportsman's Dict. II. at Stud If the common jasmin happens to be stained with yellow on the leaves..all the descendants of that plant will be the same.

1866 C. Darwin Origin of Species (ed. 4) Hist. Sk. p. xiii The existing forms of life are the descendants by true generation of pre-existing forms.

1867 H. Spencer Princ. Biol. II. vi. 431 The descendants of a wheat plant..will have become numerous.

1911 L. H. Bailey Cycl. Amer. Agric. (ed. 3) II. 543/1 The mangel is regarded as a direct descendant of the chard.

2007 Dog World July 26/1 The breed is a descendant of the Tibetan Mastiffs that accompanied their nomadic owners from Asia into present-day Hungary.

2. Astrology and (formerly) Astronomy. The point of the western horizon where it is intersected by the ecliptic; the sign or degree of the zodiac setting below the western horizon at any moment, esp. at the moment of a person's birth; (also) the cusp of (i.e. the boundary between) the sixth and seventh houses. Contrasted with ascendant n. 1.The antonym ascendant is significantly older, and denotes the more significant concept in astrology.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the universe > celestial sphere > zone of celestial sphere > [noun] > Zodiac > descendant

descendant1593

1593 T. Kelway tr. A. Ferrier Learned Astron. Disc. Natiuities i. vi. f. 7 Vnfortunate also are the Planets, when..they be meridionall descendents [Fr. meridionaux descendans].

1690 W. Leybourn Cursus mathematicus 385 The Descendent, or Angle of the West, or the Cuspis of the Seventh House.

1789 M. Sibly tr. P. Titi Astron. & Elem. Philos. 187 If one [distance] is in the ascendant, and the other in the descendant, add both distances together, and the sum is the arc of direction.

1884 J. Payne tr. Bk. Thousand Nights & One Night IV. 363 The house of the sun is Leo, its ascendant is Aries and its descendant Aquarius.

a1963 L. MacNeice Astrol. (1964) 41 If a planet is found at any of the four highly sensitive points in the heavens—the ascendant, its opposite the descendant, the mid-heaven..and its opposite the imum coeli.

2009 W. C. Perry Saturn Cycles v. 44 When Saturn reached his Descendant and Uranus opposed his natal Moon, life finally seemed to have the twenty-two-year-old Einstein cornered.

†3. Typography. A lower-case letter that extends below the baseline. Cf. descender n.² 2. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > handwriting or style of > formation of letters > [noun] > other forms

descendant1676

court letter1690

nail head1855

descender1883

crotchet letter1887

society > communication > printing > printed matter > printed character(s) > [noun] > descender

descendant1676

descender1883

1676 J. Moxon Regulæ Trium Ordinum 6 Descendents are those that stand lower than the Foot–line: such as are g, p, q, y; these reach down to the Bottom-line.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	descendant
释义	descendantadj.n. Brit. /dᵻˈsɛnd(ə)nt/, U.S. /dəˈsɛnd(ə)nt/, /diˈsɛnd(ə)nt/ Forms: α. late Middle English– descendant, 1500s descendante, 1500s discendant. β. 1500s– descendent, 1600s descendens (plural). Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French descendant; Latin dēscendent-, dēscendēns. Etymology: Partly (i) < Middle French descendant (noun) person who goes down (a hill, etc.) (early 12th cent. in Anglo-Norman), person descended from a particular ancestor or lineage (c1260 in Old French), act of going down (a mountain, etc.) (a1349), (in astronomy) the part of the heavens that is descending below the horizon (1550 in the passage translated in quot. 1593 at sense B. 2, or earlier) and adjective (1514 in ligne descendant line of descent, lineage, or earlier: compare quot. c1429 at sense A. 1), use as noun and adjective of the present participle of descendre descend v.; compare -ant suffix¹; and partly (ii) < classical Latin dēscendent-, dēscendēns, present participle of dēscendere (see descendent adj.); compare also Anglo-Norman descendent person descended from a particular ancestor or lineage (1294 in plural form descendens ), post-classical Latin descendent- , descendens , noun (6th cent.). Compare descendent adj. (originally a variant of this word). Compare also Catalan descendent, adjective and noun (14th cent.), Spanish descendente, adjective (mid 13th cent. or earlier), descendiente, noun (1511 or earlier), Portuguese descendente, adjective and noun (1319), Italian discendente, adjective (13th cent.) and noun (a1292).Dictionaries and usage guides from the mid 18th cent. onward generally prefer the spelling descendent for the adjective (see descendent adj.) and descendant for the noun. Johnson gives Descendant noun, Descendent adjective, and remarks ‘It seems to be established that the substantive should derive the termination from the French, and the adjective from the Latin’. However, descendant has been the more common spelling in senses A. 1 and A. 2 since at least the late 19th cent., probably since it is likely to be perceived in many cases as an attributive use of the noun (compare B. 1, B. 2). Conversely, the form descendent is occasionally attested in use as a noun in current use, although this is less common. Compare similar spelling variation at ascendant adj. and n. and see discussion at -ant suffix¹ and -ent suffix. A. adj. 1. Deriving from or originating with a particular progenitor, ancestor, or ancestral stock; (of an ancestral line) that may be traced down; also in extended use. See descend v. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > [adjective] descendantc1429 downwith1488 downward1552 vailinga1639 down1642 descending1700 dipping1817 downcoming1922 society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > descendant > [adjective] descendantc1429 branchedc1475 originala1500 descended1565 descending1594 originary1594 exact1596 prognatec1600 c1429 Mirour Mans Saluacioune (1986) l. 750 Crist moght noght be borne of hire posteritee [glossed] of hire ligne descendant. 1595 W. Allen et al. Conf. Next Succession Crowne of Ingland ii. viii. 184 Of the right discendant line of K. John. a1641 R. Montagu Acts & Monuments (1642) 26 His Son..descendent and extracted from his loines. 1658 W. Sanderson Compl. Hist. Life King Charles 1 We come now to the Descendent Son and Heir, Charles the first of the Name, King of Great Brittain, France and Ireland. 1725 W. Broome in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey I. ii. 313 Were not wise sons descendent [1758 descendant] of the wise. 1767 C. Smart tr. Horace Odes iv. xiv. in tr. Horace Wks. (new ed.) II. 143 Those descendant heirs of love's indulgent queen. 1857 J. Ruskin Polit. Econ. Art ii. 112 The best and greatest of descendant souls. 1917 R. J. H. Gottheil Belmont-Belmonte Family ii. 17 The only descendant family known in Spain was in the province of Navarre. 2011 R. Fortey Survivors iii. 79 Former free-living bacteria were summarily tucked away inside the swag bag of a bigger descendant cell. 2. Astrology and (formerly) Astronomy. That is descending towards or below the horizon; (of a planet) passing to where it has less astrological influence. Cf. descend v. 4b.† descendant node n. Obsolete = descending node n. at descending n. Compounds. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > heavenly body > movement of heavenly bodies > [adjective] > setting descendanta1522 setting1597 occidual1635 occiduous1656 descensional1728 declinant1893 a1522 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid (1957) i. v. l. 2 (marginal commentary) That Venus was sorofull, that is to knaw, discendent, and nocht in her strength, signifeis the sorofull departyng and myschans of Dido. 1621 D. Widdowes tr. W. A. Scribonius Nat. Philos. 14 The Ascendant [node] is higher where ☾..doth come nearest unto us. The descendant, when the ☾ is removing from us. 1690 W. Leybourn Cursus mathematicus f. 818 The Descendent Node of the Moon. 1911 I. M. Pagan From Pioneer to Poet iii. 254 As a man reaches his prime and passes on to middle age, the mental activities take a more important place, and the descendant sign often becomes dominant. 1998 J. Casulleras in M. Fierro & J. Samsó Formation al-Andalus II. 352 The procedures for finding the mean approximate longitudes of the sun and moon, and the ascendant and descendant signs. B. n. 1. a. A person who descends from a particular progenitor, ancestor, or ancestral stock (see descend v. 2); issue, offspring (usually in the context of inheritance). ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > descendant > [noun] sonOE lineage1303 rootc1330 impinga1340 after-comera1382 nephewa1387 impc1412 descentc1475 branch1535 descendant1569 stirp1574 scion1591 sprig1591 slip1594 sprout?1611 posterior1889 ancestor1920 1569 J. Leslie Def. Honour Marie Quene of Scotl. ii. f. 70^v Yf then the originall worde of the statute declaringe the saide rule, maye naturallie and properlie appertine to all the descendants, why shoulde we straine and binde yt to the firste degree onlie? 1579 G. Fenton tr. F. Guicciardini Hist. Guicciardin viii. 442 The glory of actions which by this common weale and her discendants, haue bene made more great, then (since the imperie of the Romains) by any other principallitie or state in the world. 1600 E. Blount tr. G. F. di Conestaggio Hist. Uniting Portugall to Castill iii. 85 All the descendents [It. descendenti] of Beatrice. 1623 in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll. (1659) 86 Their Servants, Children, and Descendens. a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Northants. 301 It appeareth to me by a well proved pedigree, that Henry Chancy..is the direct descendant from the aforesaid John Chancy. 1725 S. Clarke Disc. Nat. Relig. (ed. 6) 261 Abraham's Descendents according to the Flesh. 1795 R. Southey in R. Lovell & R. Southey Poems 5 For he, the last descendant of his race, Slept with his fathers. 1872 J. Morley Voltaire ii. 51 A descendant of the conquering Franks. 1875 E. Poste tr. Gaius Institutionum Iuris Civilis (ed. 2) 265 From the rules of caducity ascendants and descendants of the testator to the third degree were excepted. 1960 O. Manning Great Fortune i. iv. 48 He was, Yakimov had discovered from Dobson, a last descendant of one of the Greek Phanariot families that had ruled and exploited Rumania under the Turks. 2002 New Yorker 14 Oct. 193/1 He is a squat man with a white beard, and wears the black turban of the sayyid, a descendant of the Prophet Muhammad. b. In extended use: a person or thing whose origin may be traced to a particular source or predecessor; a machine, artefact, system, etc., that has developed from an earlier, esp. more rudimentary, version. ΚΠ 1598 I. K. tr. A. Romei Courtier's Acad. v. 214 As the vertue of the most guttering sunne-beames, is of force to make things obscure visible, so the vertue of many discendants [It. descendenti] of a most bright beame, may illustrate an obscure linage. 1623 W. Rawley Serm. Meekenesse 49 Lest this Vertue should haue an euill Report, as the Descendant of Basenesse, or Pusillanimity, I haue freed it, from that Ignominy, and Scandall. 1785 R. Cumberland Nat. Son ii. 31 Off, monster!—Are we amongst woods and wilds, with satyrs, or in a civiliz'd society, with men?—Here is no scene for Lapithean banquets, thou descendant of the Centaurs! 1794 E. Jones Mus. Relicks Welsh Bards (rev. ed.) 81/2 The blessing of a Bard, a true descendant of Song. 1870 F. W. Farrar Families of Speech ii. 100 The Gothic language is absolutely dead..it has left no direct descendants. 1871 A. R. Wallace Contrib. Theory Nat. Select. viii. 295 Are not improved Steam Engines or Clocks the lineal descendants of some existing Steam Engine or Clock? 1894 Christian World 23 Aug. 629/2 The descendants of the Puritans—the Nonconformists of to-day. 1921 Mariner's Mirror 7 228 The rib-and-plank vessel is the lineal descendant of the dug-out. 1981 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 22 Oct. 29/4 The H-block hunger strikes have..everything to do with the IRA's claim to be the only true descendants of our Republican martyrs. 2002 T. Pinchuck et al. Rough Guide S. Afr. (ed. 3) 865 Men and women participate in the toyi-toyi, a direct descendant of the war songs originally performed only by women. c. An animal, plant, variety, or breed that is descended from some other animal, plant, etc. ΚΠ 1735 Sportsman's Dict. II. at Stud If the common jasmin happens to be stained with yellow on the leaves..all the descendants of that plant will be the same. 1866 C. Darwin Origin of Species (ed. 4) Hist. Sk. p. xiii The existing forms of life are the descendants by true generation of pre-existing forms. 1867 H. Spencer Princ. Biol. II. vi. 431 The descendants of a wheat plant..will have become numerous. 1911 L. H. Bailey Cycl. Amer. Agric. (ed. 3) II. 543/1 The mangel is regarded as a direct descendant of the chard. 2007 Dog World July 26/1 The breed is a descendant of the Tibetan Mastiffs that accompanied their nomadic owners from Asia into present-day Hungary. 2. Astrology and (formerly) Astronomy. The point of the western horizon where it is intersected by the ecliptic; the sign or degree of the zodiac setting below the western horizon at any moment, esp. at the moment of a person's birth; (also) the cusp of (i.e. the boundary between) the sixth and seventh houses. Contrasted with ascendant n. 1.The antonym ascendant is significantly older, and denotes the more significant concept in astrology. ΘΚΠ the world > the universe > celestial sphere > zone of celestial sphere > [noun] > Zodiac > descendant descendant1593 1593 T. Kelway tr. A. Ferrier Learned Astron. Disc. Natiuities i. vi. f. 7 Vnfortunate also are the Planets, when..they be meridionall descendents [Fr. meridionaux descendans]. 1690 W. Leybourn Cursus mathematicus 385 The Descendent, or Angle of the West, or the Cuspis of the Seventh House. 1789 M. Sibly tr. P. Titi Astron. & Elem. Philos. 187 If one [distance] is in the ascendant, and the other in the descendant, add both distances together, and the sum is the arc of direction. 1884 J. Payne tr. Bk. Thousand Nights & One Night IV. 363 The house of the sun is Leo, its ascendant is Aries and its descendant Aquarius. a1963 L. MacNeice Astrol. (1964) 41 If a planet is found at any of the four highly sensitive points in the heavens—the ascendant, its opposite the descendant, the mid-heaven..and its opposite the imum coeli. 2009 W. C. Perry Saturn Cycles v. 44 When Saturn reached his Descendant and Uranus opposed his natal Moon, life finally seemed to have the twenty-two-year-old Einstein cornered. †3. Typography. A lower-case letter that extends below the baseline. Cf. descender n.² 2. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > handwriting or style of > formation of letters > [noun] > other forms descendant1676 court letter1690 nail head1855 descender1883 crotchet letter1887 society > communication > printing > printed matter > printed character(s) > [noun] > descender descendant1676 descender1883 1676 J. Moxon Regulæ Trium Ordinum 6 Descendents are those that stand lower than the Foot–line: such as are g, p, q, y; these reach down to the Bottom-line. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.c1429
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