hostagen.¹

Brit.

/ˈhɒstɪdʒ/, U.S.

/ˈhɑstɪdʒ/

Forms: Also Middle English–1600s ostage.

Etymology: < Old French ostage (11th cent.), hostage (12–16th cent. in Littré; Cotgrave 1611, hostage and ostage ), modern French otage, = Provençal ostatge , Old Catalan hostatge , Old Spanish hostage , Italian ostaggio , going back through *obstāticum , to a late popular Latin type *obsidāticum , < Latin obsidātus condition of a hostage, hostageship, < obses , obsidem hostage. The initial h appears to have been added in Old French, etc., through association with the family of Latin hospit-em : see host n.² Compare medieval Latin ostāticum , hostāticum in sense 1, hostāticus , ostagius , hostagius , in sense 2 (Du Cange).

†1. Pledge or security given to enemies or allies for the fulfilment of any undertaking by the handing over of one or more persons into their power; the standing, state, or condition of the persons thus handed over; chiefly in phrases in, into, to hostage. (No plural.) Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > agreement > security > [noun] > a hostage

yiselc893

hostagec1290

hostagerc1330

pledgec1384

ransomer1707

c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 399/231 Heo and manie oþer in ostage weren itake.

c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) (1963) l. 2652 Hii wolleþ habbe. hure children to hostage [c1275 Calig. ȝisle].

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 4987 Þijs oþer ten..Duel in ostage her wit me.

a1420 T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum 3680 There was a maide sent hym into hostage.

1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 432 b/1 He was ledde..with hys two brethren in ostage or pledge for the delyueraunce of the sayd kyng theyr fader.

c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lxv. 223 Your brother layd hostage, promysynge that he wolde neuer retourne without he brought with hym y^e admyrall Gaudys berde.

1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde ii. viii. f. 80^v Violatinge the lawe of hostage.

1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus iv. iv. 105 If he stand in hostage for his saftie.

1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 6 [They] desired one or two of our men to goe ashoare, leauing hostage in our ship for their safe returne.

1726–31 N. Tindal tr. P. Rapin de Thoyras Hist. Eng. (1743) II. xvii. 97 To give the young King..in Hostage to the Queen.

2. (with plural) A person thus given and held in pledge. Cf. hostager n.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restraint depriving of liberty > confinement > [noun] > one who is confined or prisoner > hostage

yiselc893

hostagec1300

hostagerc1330

c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) (1978) l. 10433 Four and twenti hostages [c1275 Calig. ȝisles] Childrich þar bi-tahte.

c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 78 William..gaf ageyn þo fees, of whilk he toke ostages.

1520 Chron. Eng. v. f. 46^v/1 Upon assuraunce of this same thynge they gave him good hostages.

1579 G. Fenton tr. F. Guicciardini Hist. Guicciardin iii. 131 He labored secretly that the Genoways should not deliuer in their ostages to the king.

1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 85 He..kept the Prince of Aurange's Son..as an Hostage for his Fathers Actions.

1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall III. 225 Ambassadors..to solicit the exchange of hostages.

1871 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest IV. xviii. 155 [At the siege of Exeter in 1068] one of the hostages was brought close to the East Gate, and his eyes were put out in the sight of both armies.

1879 J. A. Froude Cæsar xvi. 254 They had given hostages for their good behaviour.

3. generally. A pledge or security. spec. in to give, etc., a hostage to fortune: to deliver one's future happiness, success, etc., into the hands of fate.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > agreement > security > [noun] > a pledge or security

warrantisea1300

surancec1300

borrow-gage1303

suretyc1330

wage1338

wed1340

again-behotera1382

hostagec1400

sickeringa1450

gage1486

soverty1488

vadimonyc1503

pledge1526

slauntiagh1535

band1596

mortgage1598

ward and warsela1600

covenant1644

guaranty1697

security1711

guaranteeship1715

cautionment1815

guarantee1832

the mind > will > necessity > fate or destiny as determining events > must as decreed by fate [verb (intransitive)] > incline towards fatalism > deliver or be delivered into the hands of fate

to give, etc., a hostage to fortune1609

c1400 Rom. Rose 7312 Though ye borowes take of me, The sikerer shal ye never be For ostages, ne sikirnesse, Or chartres.

1595 S. Daniel First Fowre Bks. Ciuile Warres ii. xxiv. sig. H2 The ost of Christ an ostage for his troth.

1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida iii. ii. 104 You know now your hostages, your Vncles word and my firme faith.

1612 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 23 Hee that hath wife and children, hath given hostages to fortune. For they are impediments to great enterprises, either of vertue, or of mischief.

1732 T. Fuller Gnomologia 253 Wife and Children are Hostages given to Fortune.

1865 J. G. Whittier Snow-bound 483 One who wisely schemed, And hostage from the future took In trained thought and lore of book.

1875 M. E. Braddon (title) Hostages to fortune.

1934 J. E. Neale Queen Elizabeth xiv. 235 But to enter on war was to give hostages to fortune. Her instinct was to gamble on avoiding it.

1950 W. S. Churchill Second World War IV. i. xi. 194 Once several good outfits are prepared, any one of which can attack a Japanese-held base or island and beat the life out of the garrison, all their islands will become hostages to fortune.

1965 Listener 4 Nov. 728/2 Every manufacturer who indulges in advertising is giving a hostage to fortune in that he is inviting public confidence in his goods and service, and he will rapidly go out of business if he cannot live up to his claims.

1968 Listener 28 Nov. 710/2 Denmark was almost a hostage to fortune by being in Nato at all.

†4. A treaty to which parties are pledged. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > agreement > [noun] > an agreement

forewardOE

accordc1275

covenant1297

end1297

form1297

frettec1330

conjurationc1374

treatc1380

bargainc1386

contractc1386

comenaunt1389

compositionc1405

treaty1427

pact1429

paction1440

reconventionc1449

treatisea1464

hostage1470

packa1475

trystc1480

bond (also band) of manrent1482

covenance1484

concordance1490

patisement1529

capitulation1535

conventmenta1547

convenience1551

compact1555

negotiation1563

sacrament1563

match1569

consortship1592

after-agreementa1600

combourgeoisie1602

convention1603

comburghership1606

transaction1611

end-makingc1613

obligement1627

bare contract1641

stipulation1649

accompackmentc1650

rue-bargaina1657

concordat1683

minute1720

tacka1758

understanding1803

meet1804

it's a go1821

deal1863

whizz1869

stand-in1870

gentlemen's agreement1880

meeting of minds1883

1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur x. xxx And there with alle was made hostage on bothe partyes, and made hit as sure as hit myghte be.

5. attributive.

ΚΠ

1905 Westm. Gaz. 26 Sept. 8/2 The hostage camps [in the Gaboon].

1909 Daily Chron. 18 Nov. 1/7 The dragging of a man to the hostage house [in the Congo].

1931 H. G. Wells Work, Wealth & Happiness Mankind (1932) vii. 275 Here all over again were the murders, the mutilations..the hostage houses, and the atrocities.

Derivatives

ˈhostage v. (transitive) to give as a hostage.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > agreement > security > pledge or deposit as security [verb (transitive)] > a person

to set, put, lay to or in wed?a900

lay1297

hostage1624

1624 J. Smith Gen. Hist. Virginia iv. 158 Nor is it likely now they would have so hostaged their men..had they intended any villany.

Draft additions September 2015

to take (a person) hostage: to seize and hold (a person) as an unwilling hostage or captive.

ΚΠ

1914 N.Y. Tribune 14 Dec. 2/5 We heard grievous tales of old folk taken hostage.., now supposed to be kept prisoners at Sedan.

1953 Times 14 Nov. 5/3 A British subject..and his wife were taken hostage by the rebels, but were released within a few hours.

1979 Washington Post 17 June 19/2 When Susan tries to straighten out her bank's computer error, she is taken hostage by a bank robber.

2003 G. Mitchell Loyal Women v. 54 Phone the police... They've taken me hostage and are going to kill me.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† hostagen.²

Etymology: < Old French (h)ostage < late Latin type *hospitāticum , < hospes , hospit-em host n.²: see -age suffix. (Medieval Latin had hospitāgium and hostāgium, < French).

Obsolete.

A hostel, hostelry, inn. Also attributive.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > accommodation or lodging > public lodging-places > [noun] > inn

guest housec1000

innc1230

hostry1377

host1382

harbergeryc1384

hostelc1384

hostelryc1386

harbergagea1400

hostelar1424

hostagec1440

innsc1550

host-house1570

fondaco1599

change1609

auberge1615

sporting house1615

albergo1617

rancho1648

change-housea1653

posada1652

public house1655

inn-house1677

funduq1684

locanda1770

fonda1777

livery tavern1787

roadhouse1806

meson1817

tambo1830

gasthaus1834

estalagem1835

caravanserai1848

temperance inna1849

sala1871

bush-inn1881

ryokan1914

B & B1918

pousada1949

minshuku1970

c1440 Ipom. 1292 His owne mayde, that was so bryght, To his ostage she went right.

c1450 Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 147 Ostage in this towne know I non, Thin wyff and thou in for to slepe.

a1549 A. Borde Fyrst Bk. Introd. Knowl. (1870) xxxii. 205 I, hauynge pitie.. poynted them to my hostage.

a1828 Willie Wallace x, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1882–98) III. 271 He's on to the hostage gone Asking there for charitie.

a1828 Willie Wallace iv, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1882–98) III. 271 Fifteen lords in the hostage-house Waiting Wallace for to see.

1852 Act 15 & 16 Victoria cxxxvi. Preamb. (Hull Shipping Dues), Certain Dues called..Hostage Dues.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

单词	hostage
释义	hostagen.¹ Brit. /ˈhɒstɪdʒ/, U.S. /ˈhɑstɪdʒ/ Forms: Also Middle English–1600s ostage. Etymology: < Old French ostage (11th cent.), hostage (12–16th cent. in Littré; Cotgrave 1611, hostage and ostage ), modern French otage, = Provençal ostatge , Old Catalan hostatge , Old Spanish hostage , Italian ostaggio , going back through obstāticum , to a late popular Latin type obsidāticum , < Latin obsidātus condition of a hostage, hostageship, < obses , obsidem hostage. The initial h appears to have been added in Old French, etc., through association with the family of Latin hospit-em : see host n.² Compare medieval Latin ostāticum , hostāticum in sense 1, hostāticus , ostagius , hostagius , in sense 2 (Du Cange). †1. Pledge or security given to enemies or allies for the fulfilment of any undertaking by the handing over of one or more persons into their power; the standing, state, or condition of the persons thus handed over; chiefly in phrases in, into, to hostage. (No plural.) Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > agreement > security > [noun] > a hostage yiselc893 hostagec1290 hostagerc1330 pledgec1384 ransomer1707 c1290 S. Eng. Leg. I. 399/231 Heo and manie oþer in ostage weren itake. c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) (1963) l. 2652 Hii wolleþ habbe. hure children to hostage [c1275 Calig. ȝisle]. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 4987 Þijs oþer ten..Duel in ostage her wit me. a1420 T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum 3680 There was a maide sent hym into hostage. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 432 b/1 He was ledde..with hys two brethren in ostage or pledge for the delyueraunce of the sayd kyng theyr fader. c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) lxv. 223 Your brother layd hostage, promysynge that he wolde neuer retourne without he brought with hym y^e admyrall Gaudys berde. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde ii. viii. f. 80^v Violatinge the lawe of hostage. 1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus iv. iv. 105 If he stand in hostage for his saftie. View more context for this quotation 1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 6 [They] desired one or two of our men to goe ashoare, leauing hostage in our ship for their safe returne. 1726–31 N. Tindal tr. P. Rapin de Thoyras Hist. Eng. (1743) II. xvii. 97 To give the young King..in Hostage to the Queen. 2. (with plural) A person thus given and held in pledge. Cf. hostager n. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > restraint or restraining > restraint depriving of liberty > confinement > [noun] > one who is confined or prisoner > hostage yiselc893 hostagec1300 hostagerc1330 c1300 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Otho) (1978) l. 10433 Four and twenti hostages [c1275 Calig. ȝisles] Childrich þar bi-tahte. c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 78 William..gaf ageyn þo fees, of whilk he toke ostages. 1520 Chron. Eng. v. f. 46^v/1 Upon assuraunce of this same thynge they gave him good hostages. 1579 G. Fenton tr. F. Guicciardini Hist. Guicciardin iii. 131 He labored secretly that the Genoways should not deliuer in their ostages to the king. 1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 85 He..kept the Prince of Aurange's Son..as an Hostage for his Fathers Actions. 1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall III. 225 Ambassadors..to solicit the exchange of hostages. 1871 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest IV. xviii. 155 [At the siege of Exeter in 1068] one of the hostages was brought close to the East Gate, and his eyes were put out in the sight of both armies. 1879 J. A. Froude Cæsar xvi. 254 They had given hostages for their good behaviour. 3. generally. A pledge or security. spec. in to give, etc., a hostage to fortune: to deliver one's future happiness, success, etc., into the hands of fate. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > agreement > security > [noun] > a pledge or security warrantisea1300 surancec1300 borrow-gage1303 suretyc1330 wage1338 wed1340 again-behotera1382 hostagec1400 sickeringa1450 gage1486 soverty1488 vadimonyc1503 pledge1526 slauntiagh1535 band1596 mortgage1598 ward and warsela1600 covenant1644 guaranty1697 security1711 guaranteeship1715 cautionment1815 guarantee1832 the mind > will > necessity > fate or destiny as determining events > must as decreed by fate [verb (intransitive)] > incline towards fatalism > deliver or be delivered into the hands of fate to give, etc., a hostage to fortune1609 c1400 Rom. Rose 7312 Though ye borowes take of me, The sikerer shal ye never be For ostages, ne sikirnesse, Or chartres. 1595 S. Daniel First Fowre Bks. Ciuile Warres ii. xxiv. sig. H2 The ost of Christ an ostage for his troth. 1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida iii. ii. 104 You know now your hostages, your Vncles word and my firme faith. View more context for this quotation 1612 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 23 Hee that hath wife and children, hath given hostages to fortune. For they are impediments to great enterprises, either of vertue, or of mischief. 1732 T. Fuller Gnomologia 253 Wife and Children are Hostages given to Fortune. 1865 J. G. Whittier Snow-bound 483 One who wisely schemed, And hostage from the future took In trained thought and lore of book. 1875 M. E. Braddon (title) Hostages to fortune. 1934 J. E. Neale Queen Elizabeth xiv. 235 But to enter on war was to give hostages to fortune. Her instinct was to gamble on avoiding it. 1950 W. S. Churchill Second World War IV. i. xi. 194 Once several good outfits are prepared, any one of which can attack a Japanese-held base or island and beat the life out of the garrison, all their islands will become hostages to fortune. 1965 Listener 4 Nov. 728/2 Every manufacturer who indulges in advertising is giving a hostage to fortune in that he is inviting public confidence in his goods and service, and he will rapidly go out of business if he cannot live up to his claims. 1968 Listener 28 Nov. 710/2 Denmark was almost a hostage to fortune by being in Nato at all. †4. A treaty to which parties are pledged. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > agreement > [noun] > an agreement forewardOE accordc1275 covenant1297 end1297 form1297 frettec1330 conjurationc1374 treatc1380 bargainc1386 contractc1386 comenaunt1389 compositionc1405 treaty1427 pact1429 paction1440 reconventionc1449 treatisea1464 hostage1470 packa1475 trystc1480 bond (also band) of manrent1482 covenance1484 concordance1490 patisement1529 capitulation1535 conventmenta1547 convenience1551 compact1555 negotiation1563 sacrament1563 match1569 consortship1592 after-agreementa1600 combourgeoisie1602 convention1603 comburghership1606 transaction1611 end-makingc1613 obligement1627 bare contract1641 stipulation1649 accompackmentc1650 rue-bargaina1657 concordat1683 minute1720 tacka1758 understanding1803 meet1804 it's a go1821 deal1863 whizz1869 stand-in1870 gentlemen's agreement1880 meeting of minds1883 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur x. xxx And there with alle was made hostage on bothe partyes, and made hit as sure as hit myghte be. 5. attributive. ΚΠ 1905 Westm. Gaz. 26 Sept. 8/2 The hostage camps [in the Gaboon]. 1909 Daily Chron. 18 Nov. 1/7 The dragging of a man to the hostage house [in the Congo]. 1931 H. G. Wells Work, Wealth & Happiness Mankind (1932) vii. 275 Here all over again were the murders, the mutilations..the hostage houses, and the atrocities. Derivatives ˈhostage v. (transitive) to give as a hostage. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > agreement > security > pledge or deposit as security [verb (transitive)] > a person to set, put, lay to or in wed?a900 lay1297 hostage1624 1624 J. Smith Gen. Hist. Virginia iv. 158 Nor is it likely now they would have so hostaged their men..had they intended any villany. Draft additions September 2015 to take (a person) hostage: to seize and hold (a person) as an unwilling hostage or captive. ΚΠ 1914 N.Y. Tribune 14 Dec. 2/5 We heard grievous tales of old folk taken hostage.., now supposed to be kept prisoners at Sedan. 1953 Times 14 Nov. 5/3 A British subject..and his wife were taken hostage by the rebels, but were released within a few hours. 1979 Washington Post 17 June 19/2 When Susan tries to straighten out her bank's computer error, she is taken hostage by a bank robber. 2003 G. Mitchell Loyal Women v. 54 Phone the police... They've taken me hostage and are going to kill me. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † hostagen.² Etymology: < Old French (h)ostage < late Latin type hospitāticum , < hospes* , hospit-em host n.²: see -age suffix. (Medieval Latin had hospitāgium and hostāgium, < French). Obsolete. A hostel, hostelry, inn. Also attributive. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > accommodation or lodging > public lodging-places > [noun] > inn guest housec1000 innc1230 hostry1377 host1382 harbergeryc1384 hostelc1384 hostelryc1386 harbergagea1400 hostelar1424 hostagec1440 innsc1550 host-house1570 fondaco1599 change1609 auberge1615 sporting house1615 albergo1617 rancho1648 change-housea1653 posada1652 public house1655 inn-house1677 funduq1684 locanda1770 fonda1777 livery tavern1787 roadhouse1806 meson1817 tambo1830 gasthaus1834 estalagem1835 caravanserai1848 temperance inna1849 sala1871 bush-inn1881 ryokan1914 B & B1918 pousada1949 minshuku1970 c1440 Ipom. 1292 His owne mayde, that was so bryght, To his ostage she went right. c1450 Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 147 Ostage in this towne know I non, Thin wyff and thou in for to slepe. a1549 A. Borde Fyrst Bk. Introd. Knowl. (1870) xxxii. 205 I, hauynge pitie.. poynted them to my hostage. a1828 Willie Wallace x, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1882–98) III. 271 He's on to the hostage gone Asking there for charitie. a1828 Willie Wallace iv, in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Pop. Ballads (1882–98) III. 271 Fifteen lords in the hostage-house Waiting Wallace for to see. 1852 Act 15 & 16 Victoria cxxxvi. Preamb. (Hull Shipping Dues), Certain Dues called..Hostage Dues. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1899; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < n.¹c1290n.²c1440
随便看	sand-plain sand-plate sand-plot sand-poke sand-pot sand-prey sand-pride sand-pump sand-rammer sand-red sand-reed say it with chocolates say it with diamonds say it with etc say it with flowers say language against say little say maker say making say mass say master say mill say nay say neither ba nor bum say neither buff nor baff

hostagen.1

Derivatives

Draft additions September 2015

† hostagen.2

hostagen.¹

† hostagen.²