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单词 dale
释义

dalen.1

Brit. /deɪl/, U.S. /deɪl/
Forms: Old English–Middle English dæl, Old English–Middle English dal, Middle English– dale; also Middle English deale, Middle English dalle, Middle English dall, daile, daylle, 1500s daill.
Etymology: Old English dæl, genitive dæles, dative dæle, plural dalu, dalo, neuter; Common Germanic = Old Saxon dal, Old Frisian del, deil, Middle Dutch and Dutch dal, all neuter, Old High German, Middle High German tal, masculine and neuter, German thal, neuter, Low German dal, dâl, Gothic dal, neuter, Old Norse dalr, masculine (Swedish, Danish dal) < Old Germanic dalo-m, dalo-z, of which the root-meaning appears to be ‘deep or low place’: compare Gothic dalaþ down, dalaþa below. As used in Middle English the native word appears to have been reinforced from Norse, for it is in the north that the word is a living geographical name. As to the final e in Ormin's dăle, see Sachse Unorganische E im Orrm. 22. The form deales plural in Ancren Riwle is difficult to explain.
1.
a. A valley. In the northern counties, the usual name of a river-valley between its enclosing ranges of hills or high land. In geographical names, e.g. Clydesdale, Annandale, Borrowdale, Dovedale, it extends from Lanarkshire to Derbyshire, and even farther south, but as an appellative it is more or less confined to the district from Cumbria to Yorkshire. In literary English chiefly poetical, and in the phrases hill and dale, dale and down.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > valley > [noun]
deanc825
dalec893
sladec893
bachea1000
valley1297
vall?1611
droke1772
glen1843
nant1862
draw1864
laagte1868
c893 tr. Orosius Hist. i. iii Þæs dæles se dǽl se þæt flod ne grette ys gyt to-dæg wæstmberende on ælces cynnes blædum.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 14568 & wude & feld. & dale & dun.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 9203 Nu sket shall illc an dale beon All heȝhedd upp. & filledd.
c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 37 Hwile uppen cliues and hwile in þe dales.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 207 Iþe dalen..þu makest wallen to springen.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 13444 Heo comen..in ane dale deope.
c1386 G. Chaucer Sir Thopas 85 By dale and eek by doune.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 22532, l. 22534 Al þis werld bath dale and dune..þe dals up-rise, þe fells dun fall.
c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 112 Dale, or vale, vallis.
c1515 Ld. Berners tr. Bk. Duke Huon of Burdeux (1882–7) xxi. 60 They..rode by hylles and dales.
1560 J. Knox et al. Buke Discipline in J. Knox Wks. (1848) II. 204 Galloway, Carrik, Niddisdaill, Annanderdaill, with the rest of the Daillis in the West.
1611 Bible (King James) Gen. xiv. 17 The valley of Shaveh, which is the Kings dale [1885 R.V. vale] . View more context for this quotation
1730 J. Thomson Summer in Seasons 110 Where winded into lovely solitudes Runs out the rambling dale.
1803 Gazetteer Scotl. at Linlithgowshire Its surface is finely diversified with hill and dale.
1810 W. Wordsworth Descr. Lakes in J. Wilkinson Select Views p. xx That part of these Dales which runs far up into the mountains.
1850 Ld. Tennyson In Memoriam Epil. 208 Till over down and over dale All night the shining vapour sail. View more context for this quotation
1876 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Words Whitby Around Whitby all the valleys are ‘dales’.. There are many smaller dales into which the larger are divided. ‘Deealheead’ is the upper portion of the vale; ‘Deeal end’ being the lower part.
b. figurative.
ΚΠ
a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 19 Ðan man hem telled soðe tale..Of blisses dune, of sorwes dale.
a1340 R. Rolle Psalter xxiii. 3 Falland down agayn til þe dale of synn.
a1340 R. Rolle Pr. Consc. 1044 Twa worldes..An es þis dale, whar we er wonnand.
a1661 Fuller in C. H. Spurgeon Treasury of David (1882) VI. Ps. cxxi. 1 Viewing the deep dale of thy own unworthiness.
2. A hole in the ground, a hollow, pit, gulf. Cf. dell n.1 1. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > low land > hole or pit > [noun]
dalea800
piteOE
dike847
hollowc897
hole946
seathc950
delfOE
hollc1050
ditchc1275
lakec1320
holetc1380
slacka1500
dell1531
vault1535
pit-hole1583
delve1590
lough1672
sinusa1676
gap1696
self-lough1700
scoop1780
cup1819
a800 Corpus Gloss. 274 Baratrum, dæl [Leiden dal].
OE Genesis 421 We synd aworpene hider on þas deopan dalo.
c1420 Pallad. on Husb. xi. 481 Ther thay stonde a dale Do make, and drenche hem therin.
1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes i. xxv. 78 Dyches or dales or euyll pathes.

Compounds

C1. attributive and in other combinations, as dale furze.
ΚΠ
1808 C. Vancouver Gen. View Agric. Devon x. 250 The..dwarf or dale furze, blooming in the autumn.
C2.
dale-backed adj. hollow in the back (as a horse).
ΚΠ
1676 London Gaz. No. 1078/4 Lost..a brown bay Nag..a little dale backt.
dale-end n. the lower end of a dale.
ΚΠ
1876 [see sense 1a].
dale-head n. the head of a dale or valley.
Categories »
dale-land n. ‘the lower and arable ground of a district’ (Jamieson).
dale-lander n.
dale-man n. ‘an inhabitant of the lower ground’ (Jamieson).
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

dalen.2

Brit. /deɪl/, U.S. /deɪl/
Forms: Also Scottish dail(l.
Etymology: The northern phonetic variant of dole n.1 < Old English dál part, portion, division, allotment, dealing, dole; compare northern hale , stane = standard English whole , stone . Used esp. in the following senses; for others see dole n.1
1. A portion or share of land; spec. a share of a common field, or portion of an undivided field indicated by landmarks but not divided off.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > [noun] > common or unenclosed land > portion of
furlong12..
dalec1241
dole1523
flat1523
stintagea1642
stintinga1642
c1241 Newminster Cartul. (1878) 87 j acram et j rodam in campo del West in duas mikel dales quas Rob. fil. Stephani et Sywardus quondam tenuerunt.
?1530 St. German's Dyaloge Doctoure & Student sig. riii The grauntee sufferyth a recouere..by the name of a rent in dale of lyke summe as [etc.].
1735 in Quarter Sessions Rec. (N. Riding Rec. Soc.) (1892) IX. All the..closes, inclosures, dales and parcels of arrable land meadow and pasture ground thereto belonging.
1810 W. Wordsworth Descr. Lakes in J. Wilkinson Select Views p. x The arable and meadow land of the vales is possessed in common field; the several portions being marked out by stones, bushes, or trees; which portions..to this day are called Dales.
1875 Lanc. Gloss. Dale [local], an unseparated portion of a field..often unmarked, or only shown by stakes in the hedge and stones at the corners of the dale. ‘A dale of about a quarter of an acre on Black Moss belongs to this farm.’
2. Dealing; having to do with; business. Scottish. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > doing > activity or occupation > [noun] > conduct of affairs or dealing with
dressingc1350
handlinga1400
conduct1454
dale1469
orderinga1549
dress1559
convoy1565
management1598
politics1749
approach1905
1469 Act. Audit. 9 (Jam.) He sall hafe na dale nor entermeting tharwith in tyme to cum.
a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1960) xii. iv. 161 All to ȝyng with sic ane to haue daill [1553 dale].
a1525 (a1500) Sc. Troy Bk. (Douce) l. 2839 in C. Horstmann Barbour's Legendensammlung (1882) II. 299 Cume and ly heire besyde me now, So þat I may haf dale with þe.
1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) III. 302 That he wald get the best part of the daill.
1592 Sc. Acts Jas. VI (1814) 544 The successioun proceding of that pretendit mariage or carnall daill.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

dalen.3

Brit. /deɪl/, U.S. /deɪl/
Forms: Also 1600s daile, 1700s, 1800s dail, ( dill).
Etymology: Corresponds in sense 1 to Low German and Dutch daal; also to French dalle, which is also used for a conduit-tube of wood or metal used in various technical processes, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian dala, Spanish also adala. According to Littré dalle in Picard is also a kitchen-sink; and Cotgrave has ‘dalle, a sewer or pit whereinto the washings, dishwater, and other such ordure of houses are conueyed’. See Littré and Diez.
1. A wooden tube or trough for carrying off water, as from a ship's pump; a pump-dale.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > other equipment of vessel > [noun] > ship's pumps > parts of ship's pumps
dale1611
sleeve1613
pump dalea1625
vale1685
cheek1727
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Escoursouër, the dale of a (ships) pumpe, whereby the water is passed out.
1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. ii. 8 The daile is a trough wherein the water doth runne ouer the Deckes.
1800 S. Standidge in Naval Chron. 3 472 They pumping the water into a pump dill.
1850 J. Greenwood Sailor's Sea-bk. 139 Pump dales, pipes fitted to the cisterns, to convey..water..through the ship's sides.
2. An outlet drain in the Fen district.
ΘΠ
the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun] > channel for conveyance of water > for surplus water
sluicea1552
watershoot1599
offlet?1744
dale1851
waste-way1881
spill1900
1851 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 12 ii. 304 When those fens were first embanked and drained, narrow tracts, called ‘dales’, or washes, were left open to the river..Every district, with its frontage of dales, is tolerably well drained.

Compounds

General attributive, as dale hose.
Π
1889 J. J. Welch Text Bk. Naval Archit. xi. 129 A flexible hose, known as a dale hose, is led from the delivery nozzle of the pump to the pipe in the deck plate communicating with the compartment to be flooded.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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更新时间:2024/9/21 8:41:18