† cruciateadj.¹

Etymology: < Latin cruciātus, past participle of cruciāre to torture, rack, torment, < crux , crucem , cross n.

Obsolete.

Tortured. (In quots. as past participle.)

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > mental anguish or torment > [adjective]

anguishousc1325

wounded1390

cruciate?1504

agoniousa1513

tormented1552

rivena1560

anguished1570

wracked1581

spur-galled1608

excruciatea1615

over-grieved1618

wrung1730

smarting1754

excruciated1792

cardialgic1811

lacerated1849

?1504 W. Atkinson tr. Thomas à Kempis Ful Treat. Imytacyon Cryste (Pynson) iii. liii. 241 He is crucyate and turmentyd with penury and nede.

1554 J. Knox Godly Let. sig. A iij^v I am crucyet for remembraunce of your troubles.

1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) I. 126/2 Pinched & cruciate with sundry punishmentes.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

cruciateadj.²

Brit.

/ˈkruːʃɪət/,

/ˈkruːʃɪeɪt/, U.S.

/ˈkruʃ(i)ət/,

/ˈkruʃieɪt/

Etymology: < medieval or modern Latin cruciātus, < crux , crucem cross: see -ate suffix².

Now only in Zoology and Botany.

a. Formed like a cross, cross-shaped; arranged in the form of a cross.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > shape > [adjective] > cross-shaped

cruciate1826

cruciferous1850

1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. (1828) III. xxxv. 539 In numbers of Locusta the prothorax is what Linné terms cruciate.

1835 J. Lindley Introd. Bot. (1848) I. 335 The cruciate flower has four valvaceous sepals, four petals, and six stamens.

1870 J. D. Hooker Student's Flora Brit. Islands 132 Chrysosplenium..Capsule..opening at the top by a cruciate mouth.

†b. as n. = crucial adj. incision. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > incision > [noun] > an incision > of specific shape

cruciate1684

crucial incision1706

1684 tr. T. Bonet Guide Pract. Physician iii. 81 He made a Cruciate..three inches every way.

Categories »

c. in combinations = cruciato- comb. form, as cruciate-complicate.

Draft additions June 2007

cruciate ligament n. Anatomy (a) the cruciform ligament of the cervical spine, consisting of fibres of the transverse ligament of the atlas and longitudinal fibres connecting the axis, the transverse ligament, and the occipital bone; (b) either of two strong ligaments of the knee joint, which extend, crossing each other, from the tibia to the intercondylar fossa of the femur.

ΚΠ

1883 W. B. Clarke & C. B. Lockwood Dissector's Man. 370 The transverse or cruciate ligament, which keeps the odontoid process in place, may then be cleaned.

1914 S. Sisson Anat. Domest. Animals (ed. 2) 238 The anterior cruciate ligament..arises in the central fossa on the tibial spine..and ends on the lateral wall of the intercondyloid fossa.

1977 Amer. Jrnl. Vet. Res. 38 1873 A new fascial technique was used to repair artificially induced rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament in 20 dogs.

1989 Sunday Mail (Queensland) (Nexis) 2 July [His] return to Test football after a two-year absence abruptly ended at halftime when he retired with cruciate ligament damage.

2004 U.S. News & World Rep. 21 June 74/3 Flexibility might..help explain why women are up to 10 times as likely as men to tear the anterior cruciate ligament in their knees.

Draft additions September 2006

cruciate sulcus n. Zoology (in the brains of some mammals, esp. carnivores) a major fissure which begins on the medial anterior surface of the cerebral cortex, and is considered homologous with the Rolandic fissure of primates.

ΚΠ

1881 J. Ross Treat. Dis. Nerv. Syst. I. 276 An enormously increased flow of saliva has been observed..in dogs after destruction by the actual cautery of portions of the cortex of the brain lying in front of the cruciate sulcus.

1915 F. E. Welby tr. L. Luciani Human Physiol. III. 550 The mechanical excitability of the cortex in the depths of the cruciate sulcus is no accidental or exceptional fact.

2003 Brain Res. 963 180/2 Recordings were performed along the rostral and lateral border of the cruciate sulcus.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

cruciatev.

Brit.

/ˈkruːʃɪət/,

/ˈkruːʃɪeɪt/, U.S.

/ˈkruʃ(i)ət/,

/ˈkruʃieɪt/

Forms: Also 1500s crutiate.

Etymology: < cruciāt-, participial stem of Latin cruciāre : see cruciate adj.¹ Used as a past participle before it became the verb-stem, after which it continued to be used for some time as past participle, and in Scots writers also as past tense.

1. transitive. To afflict with grievous pain or distress; to torture, torment, to excruciate adj. archaic.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > mental anguish or torment > cause of mental anguish or torment > cause anguish to or torment [verb (transitive)]

quelmeOE

eatc1000

martyrOE

fretc1175

woundc1175

to-fret?c1225

gnawc1230

to-traya1250

torment1297

renda1333

anguish1340

grindc1350

wringc1374

debreakc1384

ofpinec1390

rivea1400

urn1488

reboil1528

whip1530

cruciate1532

pinch1548

spur-galla1555

agonize1570

rack1576

cut1582

excruciate1590

scorchc1595

discruciate1596

butcher1597

split1597

torture1598

lacerate1600

harrow1603

hell1614

to eat upa1616

arrow1628

martyrize1652

percruciate1656

tear1666

crucify1702

flay1782

wrench1798

kill1800

to cut up1843

1532 King Henry VIII Let. in Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Reformation II. 168 Ye do still cruciate the Patient and Afflicte.

?1548 J. Bale Image Bothe Churches (new ed.) i. sig. Dv^v Thou art..inwardly cruciated in conscience.

1575 J. Rolland Treat. Court Venus ii. f. 21 Kings he cruciat.

1609 W. M. Man in Moone sig. F4 Hee cruciateth himself with thought of her.

1702 C. Mather Magnalia Christi ii. App. 61/2 She directed her Familiar Spirits how and where to Cruciate the Objects of her Malice.

1835 H. Miller Scenes & Legends N. Scotl. vi. 102 To cruciate himself by fancying his cradle his sepulchre.

†2. To crucify. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > asceticism > [verb (transitive)] > mortify

crucifyc1320

mortify?c1422

cruciate1575

society > faith > aspects of faith > piety > asceticism or mortification > practise asceticism or mortification [verb (transitive)]

crucifyc1320

mortify?c1422

cruciate1575

1575 J. Rolland Treat. Court Venus ii. f. 24 Sum said he seruit for to be cruciat.

1694 R. Franck Northern Mem. 18 He that cruciates his Lusts.

3. To mark with crosses, to cross.Apparently an isolated use.

ΚΠ

1877 R. D. Blackmore Erema II. xxxiv. 182 The simple roof is not cruciated with tiles of misguided fancy.

Derivatives

ˈcruciated adj.

ΚΠ

1643 W. Prynne Soveraigne Power Parl. App. 212 Contrite, cruciated, afflicted Joseph.

ˈcruciating adj.

ΚΠ

1670 E. Maynwaring Vita Sana & Longa (new ed.) i. 5 Cruciating maladies.

1765 Ld. Kames Elements Crit. (ed. 3) II. ii. 105 The pain of an affront [is]..cruciating and tormenting.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

adj.¹?1504

adj.²1684

v.1532

单词	cruciate
释义	† cruciateadj.¹ Etymology: < Latin cruciātus, past participle of cruciāre to torture, rack, torment, < crux , crucem , cross n. Obsolete. Tortured. (In quots. as past participle.) ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > mental anguish or torment > [adjective] anguishousc1325 wounded1390 cruciate?1504 agoniousa1513 tormented1552 rivena1560 anguished1570 wracked1581 spur-galled1608 excruciatea1615 over-grieved1618 wrung1730 smarting1754 excruciated1792 cardialgic1811 lacerated1849 ?1504 W. Atkinson tr. Thomas à Kempis Ful Treat. Imytacyon Cryste (Pynson) iii. liii. 241 He is crucyate and turmentyd with penury and nede. 1554 J. Knox Godly Let. sig. A iij^v I am crucyet for remembraunce of your troubles. 1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) I. 126/2 Pinched & cruciate with sundry punishmentes. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2021). cruciateadj.² Brit. /ˈkruːʃɪət/, /ˈkruːʃɪeɪt/, U.S. /ˈkruʃ(i)ət/, /ˈkruʃieɪt/ Etymology: < medieval or modern Latin cruciātus, < crux , crucem cross: see -ate suffix². Now only in Zoology and Botany. a. Formed like a cross, cross-shaped; arranged in the form of a cross. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > shape > [adjective] > cross-shaped cruciate1826 cruciferous1850 1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. (1828) III. xxxv. 539 In numbers of Locusta the prothorax is what Linné terms cruciate. 1835 J. Lindley Introd. Bot. (1848) I. 335 The cruciate flower has four valvaceous sepals, four petals, and six stamens. 1870 J. D. Hooker Student's Flora Brit. Islands 132 Chrysosplenium..Capsule..opening at the top by a cruciate mouth. †b. as n. = crucial adj. incision. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > incision > [noun] > an incision > of specific shape cruciate1684 crucial incision1706 1684 tr. T. Bonet Guide Pract. Physician iii. 81 He made a Cruciate..three inches every way. Categories » c. in combinations = cruciato- comb. form, as cruciate-complicate. Draft additions June 2007 cruciate ligament n. Anatomy (a) the cruciform ligament of the cervical spine, consisting of fibres of the transverse ligament of the atlas and longitudinal fibres connecting the axis, the transverse ligament, and the occipital bone; (b) either of two strong ligaments of the knee joint, which extend, crossing each other, from the tibia to the intercondylar fossa of the femur. ΚΠ 1883 W. B. Clarke & C. B. Lockwood Dissector's Man. 370 The transverse or cruciate ligament, which keeps the odontoid process in place, may then be cleaned. 1914 S. Sisson Anat. Domest. Animals (ed. 2) 238 The anterior cruciate ligament..arises in the central fossa on the tibial spine..and ends on the lateral wall of the intercondyloid fossa. 1977 Amer. Jrnl. Vet. Res. 38 1873 A new fascial technique was used to repair artificially induced rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament in 20 dogs. 1989 Sunday Mail (Queensland) (Nexis) 2 July [His] return to Test football after a two-year absence abruptly ended at halftime when he retired with cruciate ligament damage. 2004 U.S. News & World Rep. 21 June 74/3 Flexibility might..help explain why women are up to 10 times as likely as men to tear the anterior cruciate ligament in their knees. Draft additions September 2006 cruciate sulcus n. Zoology (in the brains of some mammals, esp. carnivores) a major fissure which begins on the medial anterior surface of the cerebral cortex, and is considered homologous with the Rolandic fissure of primates. ΚΠ 1881 J. Ross Treat. Dis. Nerv. Syst. I. 276 An enormously increased flow of saliva has been observed..in dogs after destruction by the actual cautery of portions of the cortex of the brain lying in front of the cruciate sulcus. 1915 F. E. Welby tr. L. Luciani Human Physiol. III. 550 The mechanical excitability of the cortex in the depths of the cruciate sulcus is no accidental or exceptional fact. 2003 Brain Res. 963 180/2 Recordings were performed along the rostral and lateral border of the cruciate sulcus. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022). cruciatev. Brit. /ˈkruːʃɪət/, /ˈkruːʃɪeɪt/, U.S. /ˈkruʃ(i)ət/, /ˈkruʃieɪt/ Forms: Also 1500s crutiate. Etymology: < cruciāt-, participial stem of Latin cruciāre : see cruciate adj.¹ Used as a past participle before it became the verb-stem, after which it continued to be used for some time as past participle, and in Scots writers also as past tense. 1. transitive. To afflict with grievous pain or distress; to torture, torment, to excruciate adj. archaic. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > mental anguish or torment > cause of mental anguish or torment > cause anguish to or torment [verb (transitive)] quelmeOE eatc1000 martyrOE fretc1175 woundc1175 to-fret?c1225 gnawc1230 to-traya1250 torment1297 renda1333 anguish1340 grindc1350 wringc1374 debreakc1384 ofpinec1390 rivea1400 urn1488 reboil1528 whip1530 cruciate1532 pinch1548 spur-galla1555 agonize1570 rack1576 cut1582 excruciate1590 scorchc1595 discruciate1596 butcher1597 split1597 torture1598 lacerate1600 harrow1603 hell1614 to eat upa1616 arrow1628 martyrize1652 percruciate1656 tear1666 crucify1702 flay1782 wrench1798 kill1800 to cut up1843 1532 King Henry VIII Let. in Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Reformation II. 168 Ye do still cruciate the Patient and Afflicte. ?1548 J. Bale Image Bothe Churches (new ed.) i. sig. Dv^v Thou art..inwardly cruciated in conscience. 1575 J. Rolland Treat. Court Venus ii. f. 21 Kings he cruciat. 1609 W. M. Man in Moone sig. F4 Hee cruciateth himself with thought of her. 1702 C. Mather Magnalia Christi ii. App. 61/2 She directed her Familiar Spirits how and where to Cruciate the Objects of her Malice. 1835 H. Miller Scenes & Legends N. Scotl. vi. 102 To cruciate himself by fancying his cradle his sepulchre. †2. To crucify. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > asceticism > [verb (transitive)] > mortify crucifyc1320 mortify?c1422 cruciate1575 society > faith > aspects of faith > piety > asceticism or mortification > practise asceticism or mortification [verb (transitive)] crucifyc1320 mortify?c1422 cruciate1575 1575 J. Rolland Treat. Court Venus ii. f. 24 Sum said he seruit for to be cruciat. 1694 R. Franck Northern Mem. 18 He that cruciates his Lusts. 3. To mark with crosses, to cross.Apparently an isolated use. ΚΠ 1877 R. D. Blackmore Erema II. xxxiv. 182 The simple roof is not cruciated with tiles of misguided fancy. Derivatives ˈcruciated adj. ΚΠ 1643 W. Prynne Soveraigne Power Parl. App. 212 Contrite, cruciated, afflicted Joseph. ˈcruciating adj. ΚΠ 1670 E. Maynwaring Vita Sana & Longa (new ed.) i. 5 Cruciating maladies. 1765 Ld. Kames Elements Crit. (ed. 3) II. ii. 105 The pain of an affront [is]..cruciating and tormenting. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.¹?1504adj.²1684v.1532
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