chapmann.

Brit. /ˈtʃapmən/, U.S.

/ˈtʃæpmən/

Forms: α. Old English céapemann, cepemann, cypemann, cypemann, Middle English chepmon, Middle English cæpmon, Middle English chepman; β. Middle English chapmon, Middle English– chapman, ( Orm. chappmann, 1500s shapman).

Etymology: Old English céapmann = Old High German choufman , (Old High German, Middle High German koufman ), German kaufmann , Middle Dutch, Dutch koopman , West Germanic type *kaupmann ; < kaup , Old High German chouph , Old Saxon côp , Old English céap barter, business, dealing + mann man. Old English had also the by-forms cýp- , cýpe- , cépemann founded on the verb cíępan , cýpan , cípan to sell ( < West Germanic *kaupjan ); see cheap v. The normal Middle English representation of Old English céapmann was chepman (with vowel shortened by position); but sometimes, in Old English ea, eo, e blended with a preceding palatal, leaving a or o as the vowel, hence the surviving form chapman.

a. A man whose business is buying and selling; a merchant, trader, dealer. Obsolete or archaic.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > trader > [noun]

mongereOE

chapmanc890

haberdasher1311

need doera1382

handlera1398

unfreeman1445

occupier1509

taker-up1548

trafficker1560

pliers1565

copeman1566

trader1566

copemaster1579

couper1581

drover1585

negotiator1596

merchandiser1597

coper1609

dealer1611

commercer1632

market-maker1647

general dealer1709

negotianta1774

outfitter1829

man-

α.

c890 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. ii. i. (Bosw.) Cypemen monig cepeþing to ceapstowe brohte.

a1000 Law Ine §25 in B. Thorpe Anc. Laws Eng. (1840) I. 118 Ȝif ceapman uppe on folce ceapie, do þæt beforan gewitnessum.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 15314 Swulc he weore a chepmon.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 6645 Her beoð chæpmen [c1300 Otho chepmen] icumen.

1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Rolls) VII. 285 Þanne schipmen [v.r. chepmen] wolde have i-bouȝt his bisshopriche.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 4186 Selle we him to ȝone chepmen.

a1400 Usages Winchester in Eng. Gilds 357 Gadere þat ryȝte of chepmen.

β. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 15783 Ut off godess temmple he draf Chappmenn.a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 247. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 4239 Þir chapmen þat haue ioseph boght.c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 69 Chapman, negociator, mercator.1577 W. Harrison Descr. Eng. (1877) ii. v. i. 131 So should few honest chapmen be brought to decaie.1642 D. Rogers Naaman 247 It is not a meete thing that man should be both chapman and customer.1767 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. (new ed.) II. 476 The calling of a chapman, who is one that buys and sells any thing.1859 Times 16 Apr. 9/4 Mr. Cobden..has made for us the best bargain..ever made by chapman.1870 W. Morris Earthly Paradise: Pt. III 278 Sometimes too would the foreign chapmen come, And beach their dromond in the sandy bay.figurative.1529 J. Frith Pistle Christen Reader vi. sig. Mi^v The Pope and Bisshops, suffer chapmen in the chirche that minister the sacraments for money, dayly vnto the commen people.

†b. plural. People engaged in buying and selling; market people. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > trader > [noun] > traders

chapmena1225

dealerdom1921

a1225 Juliana 52 Heo leac him efter hire endelong þe cheping chepmenne huting [v.r. chapmen to huting].

1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 262 The chapmen of such mercerie..So many shulden beie and selle.

†c. petty chapman: A retail dealer; esp. = 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > selling > seller > [noun] > itinerant or pedlar

pedder1166

pedlar1307

dustyfoota1400

tranter1500

hawker1510

jagger?1518

jowter1550

pedder-coffec1550

pedderman1552

petty chapman1553

swadder1567

packman1571

merchant1572

swigman1575

chapman?1593

aginator1623

crier1727

duffer1735

Jew pedlar1743

fogger1800

Jew1803

box wallah1826

packie1832

cadger1840

jolter1841

pack-pedlar1859

knocker1934

doorstepper1976

machinga1993

1553 Act 5 & 6 Edw. VI c. 21 No Tinker, Pedler, or petit Chapman shall wander about from the Towne..but such as shall be licenced by two Justices of Peace.

1605 W. Camden Remaines i. 182 A King to buy and sell the bodies of men, as it were a petie-chapman.

1640 tr. J. A. Comenius Janua Linguarum Reserata (new ed.) xlv. §491 Pety chapmen buy up commodities of those that sell by wholesale, and sell them off dearer by retaile, and parcell them out.

1725 D. Defoe Compl. Eng. Tradesman I. Introd. 2 Such only as carry goods about from..market to market, or from house to house..to sell..we call petty chapmen.

1827 B. Disraeli Vivian Grey III. v. vi. 118 Before he was twenty, he followed the army as a petty chapman.

2. An itinerant dealer who travels about from place to place selling or buying; one who keeps booths at markets, etc.; a hawker, pedlar.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > trader > [noun] > itinerant

piepowderc1436

kedger1497

badgera1500

cadger?a1500

chapman?1593

peripateticc1600

haggler1602

higgler1637

mugger1743

truckerc1790

smouch1849

smouse1850

togt-ganger1879

kurveyor1885

smouser1903

machinga1993

society > trade and finance > selling > seller > [noun] > itinerant or pedlar

pedder1166

pedlar1307

dustyfoota1400

tranter1500

hawker1510

jagger?1518

jowter1550

pedder-coffec1550

pedderman1552

petty chapman1553

swadder1567

packman1571

merchant1572

swigman1575

chapman?1593

aginator1623

crier1727

duffer1735

Jew pedlar1743

fogger1800

Jew1803

box wallah1826

packie1832

cadger1840

jolter1841

pack-pedlar1859

knocker1934

doorstepper1976

machinga1993

?1593 H. Chettle Kind-harts Dreame sig. C2^v Chapmen, able to spred more pamphlets..then all the Bookesellers in London.

1627 J. Donne Serm. Lady Danuers 90 Let..Travellers [look] after Faire-dayes, and Chap-men after Market-dayes.

1727 D. Defoe Compl. Eng. Tradesman (ed. 2) I. Suppl. iii. 142 The country chapman, to whom the Tradesman sends his goods.

1790 R. Burns Tam o' Shanter 1 in Poems & Songs (1968) II. 557 When chapman billies leave the street.

1803 Gazetteer Scotl. at Preston A general meeting of the travelling chapmen or pedlars of the three Lothians.

1831 Dyce Life of Greene in Wks. I. Introd. 47 Sold on ballad-mongers' stalls and hawked about the country by chapmen.

†3. An agent in a commercial transaction; a negotiator, broker. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > trader > agent or broker > [noun]

broker1377

factor1432

entermeter1440

broggerc1460

chapman1570

institor1657

mackeler1682

agent1707

commission man1733

agenting1751

supercargo1782

commission agent1798

commission merchant1798

curbstone broker1848

managing agent1969

1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Biii/1 A Chapman, institor.

1654 C. Lyttleton in E. M. Thompson Corr. Family of Hatton (1878) I. 12 If she please I should find her a chapman..that may lay out her mony to y^e best advantage.

1659 H. Hammond Paraphr. & Annot. Psalms (lv. 22 Annot.) 285/2 A Syrian merchant..bidding his chapman weigh out his parcel.

†4. A purchaser; a customer. Obsolete or dialect.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > buying > buyer > [noun]

buyerc1200

chapman?c1225

vendee1547

purchaser1584

bargainee1598

demander1602

emptor1604

chap1701

tenderee1883

consumer1897

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 306 Ancre þet is chepilt hacheapeð hire sauleto þe chepmon of helle.

1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 298 He is gone To seche..His stone to selle and so he dede And lefte it with his chapman there.

1539 Will of Thomas Everard (P.R.O.: PROB. 11/26) f. 114^v Yf none of my children will bye it I will my executours shall take ther beste chapman.

1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. ii. xvi. §1. 463 They did set the Law at a price, and sold Iustice and iudgment to the best Chapmen.

1688 London Gaz. No. 2380/4 The Real Estate of the said Bankrupt will be sold to the best Chapman.

1704 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion III. xiv. 406 His Majesty therefore writ to Prince Rupert..he should find some good Chapmen to buy the Ships.

1745 J. Swift Direct. to Servants 4 Your Father sent a Cow to you to sell, and you could not get a Chapman till Nine at Night.

1807 R. Southey Lett. from Eng. III. lxiii. 182 When they meet with a likely chapman, they produce others [sc. prints] of the most obscene and mischievous kind.

5. dialect. (See quot. 1863.)

ΚΠ

1863 J. C. Atkinson Yorksh. Gloss. N. Riding Chapman, a distinctive name applied to horses of the Cleveland breed.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

单词	chapman
释义	chapmann. Brit. /ˈtʃapmən/, U.S. /ˈtʃæpmən/ Forms: α. Old English céapemann, cepemann, cypemann, cypemann, Middle English chepmon, Middle English cæpmon, Middle English chepman; β. Middle English chapmon, Middle English– chapman, ( Orm. chappmann, 1500s shapman). Etymology: Old English céapmann = Old High German choufman , (Old High German, Middle High German koufman ), German kaufmann , Middle Dutch, Dutch koopman , West Germanic type kaupmann ; < kaup* , Old High German chouph , Old Saxon côp , Old English céap barter, business, dealing + mann man. Old English had also the by-forms cýp- , cýpe- , cépemann founded on the verb cíępan , cýpan , cípan to sell ( < West Germanic kaupjan ); see cheap v. The normal Middle English representation of Old English céapmann* was chepman (with vowel shortened by position); but sometimes, in Old English ea, eo, e blended with a preceding palatal, leaving a or o as the vowel, hence the surviving form chapman. 1. a. A man whose business is buying and selling; a merchant, trader, dealer. Obsolete or archaic. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > trader > [noun] mongereOE chapmanc890 haberdasher1311 need doera1382 handlera1398 unfreeman1445 occupier1509 taker-up1548 trafficker1560 pliers1565 copeman1566 trader1566 copemaster1579 couper1581 drover1585 negotiator1596 merchandiser1597 coper1609 dealer1611 commercer1632 market-maker1647 general dealer1709 negotianta1774 outfitter1829 man- α. c890 tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. ii. i. (Bosw.) Cypemen monig cepeþing to ceapstowe brohte. a1000 Law Ine §25 in B. Thorpe Anc. Laws Eng. (1840) I. 118 Ȝif ceapman uppe on folce ceapie, do þæt beforan gewitnessum. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 15314 Swulc he weore a chepmon. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 6645 Her beoð chæpmen [c1300 Otho chepmen] icumen. 1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Rolls) VII. 285 Þanne schipmen [v.r. chepmen] wolde have i-bouȝt his bisshopriche. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 4186 Selle we him to ȝone chepmen. a1400 Usages Winchester in Eng. Gilds 357 Gadere þat ryȝte of chepmen. β. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 15783 Ut off godess temmple he draf Chappmenn.a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 247. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 4239 Þir chapmen þat haue ioseph boght.c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 69 Chapman, negociator, mercator.1577 W. Harrison Descr. Eng. (1877) ii. v. i. 131 So should few honest chapmen be brought to decaie.1642 D. Rogers Naaman 247 It is not a meete thing that man should be both chapman and customer.1767 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. (new ed.) II. 476 The calling of a chapman, who is one that buys and sells any thing.1859 Times 16 Apr. 9/4 Mr. Cobden..has made for us the best bargain..ever made by chapman.1870 W. Morris Earthly Paradise: Pt. III 278 Sometimes too would the foreign chapmen come, And beach their dromond in the sandy bay.figurative.1529 J. Frith Pistle Christen Reader vi. sig. Mi^v The Pope and Bisshops, suffer chapmen in the chirche that minister the sacraments for money, dayly vnto the commen people. †b. plural. People engaged in buying and selling; market people. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > trader > [noun] > traders chapmena1225 dealerdom1921 a1225 Juliana 52 Heo leac him efter hire endelong þe cheping chepmenne huting [v.r. chapmen to huting]. 1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 262 The chapmen of such mercerie..So many shulden beie and selle. †c. petty chapman: A retail dealer; esp. = 2. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > selling > seller > [noun] > itinerant or pedlar pedder1166 pedlar1307 dustyfoota1400 tranter1500 hawker1510 jagger?1518 jowter1550 pedder-coffec1550 pedderman1552 petty chapman1553 swadder1567 packman1571 merchant1572 swigman1575 chapman?1593 aginator1623 crier1727 duffer1735 Jew pedlar1743 fogger1800 Jew1803 box wallah1826 packie1832 cadger1840 jolter1841 pack-pedlar1859 knocker1934 doorstepper1976 machinga1993 1553 Act 5 & 6 Edw. VI c. 21 No Tinker, Pedler, or petit Chapman shall wander about from the Towne..but such as shall be licenced by two Justices of Peace. 1605 W. Camden Remaines i. 182 A King to buy and sell the bodies of men, as it were a petie-chapman. 1640 tr. J. A. Comenius Janua Linguarum Reserata (new ed.) xlv. §491 Pety chapmen buy up commodities of those that sell by wholesale, and sell them off dearer by retaile, and parcell them out. 1725 D. Defoe Compl. Eng. Tradesman I. Introd. 2 Such only as carry goods about from..market to market, or from house to house..to sell..we call petty chapmen. 1827 B. Disraeli Vivian Grey III. v. vi. 118 Before he was twenty, he followed the army as a petty chapman. 2. An itinerant dealer who travels about from place to place selling or buying; one who keeps booths at markets, etc.; a hawker, pedlar. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > trader > [noun] > itinerant piepowderc1436 kedger1497 badgera1500 cadger?a1500 chapman?1593 peripateticc1600 haggler1602 higgler1637 mugger1743 truckerc1790 smouch1849 smouse1850 togt-ganger1879 kurveyor1885 smouser1903 machinga1993 society > trade and finance > selling > seller > [noun] > itinerant or pedlar pedder1166 pedlar1307 dustyfoota1400 tranter1500 hawker1510 jagger?1518 jowter1550 pedder-coffec1550 pedderman1552 petty chapman1553 swadder1567 packman1571 merchant1572 swigman1575 chapman?1593 aginator1623 crier1727 duffer1735 Jew pedlar1743 fogger1800 Jew1803 box wallah1826 packie1832 cadger1840 jolter1841 pack-pedlar1859 knocker1934 doorstepper1976 machinga1993 ?1593 H. Chettle Kind-harts Dreame sig. C2^v Chapmen, able to spred more pamphlets..then all the Bookesellers in London. 1627 J. Donne Serm. Lady Danuers 90 Let..Travellers [look] after Faire-dayes, and Chap-men after Market-dayes. 1727 D. Defoe Compl. Eng. Tradesman (ed. 2) I. Suppl. iii. 142 The country chapman, to whom the Tradesman sends his goods. 1790 R. Burns Tam o' Shanter 1 in Poems & Songs (1968) II. 557 When chapman billies leave the street. 1803 Gazetteer Scotl. at Preston A general meeting of the travelling chapmen or pedlars of the three Lothians. 1831 Dyce Life of Greene in Wks. I. Introd. 47 Sold on ballad-mongers' stalls and hawked about the country by chapmen. †3. An agent in a commercial transaction; a negotiator, broker. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > trader > agent or broker > [noun] broker1377 factor1432 entermeter1440 broggerc1460 chapman1570 institor1657 mackeler1682 agent1707 commission man1733 agenting1751 supercargo1782 commission agent1798 commission merchant1798 curbstone broker1848 managing agent1969 1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Biii/1 A Chapman, institor. 1654 C. Lyttleton in E. M. Thompson Corr. Family of Hatton (1878) I. 12 If she please I should find her a chapman..that may lay out her mony to y^e best advantage. 1659 H. Hammond Paraphr. & Annot. Psalms (lv. 22 Annot.) 285/2 A Syrian merchant..bidding his chapman weigh out his parcel. †4. A purchaser; a customer. Obsolete or dialect. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > buying > buyer > [noun] buyerc1200 chapman?c1225 vendee1547 purchaser1584 bargainee1598 demander1602 emptor1604 chap1701 tenderee1883 consumer1897 ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 306 Ancre þet is chepilt hacheapeð hire sauleto þe chepmon of helle. 1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 298 He is gone To seche..His stone to selle and so he dede And lefte it with his chapman there. 1539 Will of Thomas Everard (P.R.O.: PROB. 11/26) f. 114^v Yf none of my children will bye it I will my executours shall take ther beste chapman. 1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. ii. xvi. §1. 463 They did set the Law at a price, and sold Iustice and iudgment to the best Chapmen. 1688 London Gaz. No. 2380/4 The Real Estate of the said Bankrupt will be sold to the best Chapman. 1704 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion III. xiv. 406 His Majesty therefore writ to Prince Rupert..he should find some good Chapmen to buy the Ships. 1745 J. Swift Direct. to Servants 4 Your Father sent a Cow to you to sell, and you could not get a Chapman till Nine at Night. 1807 R. Southey Lett. from Eng. III. lxiii. 182 When they meet with a likely chapman, they produce others [sc. prints] of the most obscene and mischievous kind. 5. dialect. (See quot. 1863.) ΚΠ 1863 J. C. Atkinson Yorksh. Gloss. N. Riding Chapman, a distinctive name applied to horses of the Cleveland breed. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.c890
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