| 释义 |
dative, a. and n.|ˈdeɪtɪv|
[ad. L. datīv-us of or belonging to giving, f. dat-us given; in grammar rendering Gr. δοτική(πτῶσις), from δοτικός of giving nature, f. δοτ-ός given.]
A. adj.
1. Gram. The name of that case of nouns in Aryan and some other languages which commonly denotes the indirect or more remote object of the action of a verb, that to or for whom or which we do a thing, or to whom we give a thing.
c1440Gesta Rom. xci. 416 (Add. MS.) The thrid Falle is datif case, for there are some that are prowde for they mow gyve. 1580Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong, A..serueth many times to expresse the Datiue case: as Je l'ay donne à mon pere, I gaue it to my father. 1668Wilkins Real Char. 352 The Dative Case is expressed by the Preposition (To). 1879Roby Lat. Gram. iv. ix. §1130 The Dative case is used in two senses only: (A) It expresses the indirect object ..(B) It is used predicatively in a quasi-adjectival sense. Mod. The pronouns me, thee, him, her, us, you, them, which we now use both as direct and indirect objectives, were originally dative forms; the original accusatives are disused.
†2. Disposed to give; having the right to give. Obs. rare. (In first quot. with play on sense 1.)
14..Piers of Fullham 368 in Hazl. E.P.P. II. 15 To knowen folke that ben datyff: Their purches be called ablatif: They haue their iȝen vocatif. 1656Blount Glossogr., Dative, that giveth, or is of power to give.
†3. Of the nature of a gift; conferred or bestowed as a gift. (Freq. opposed to native.) Obs.
1570–6Lambarde Peramb. Kent (1826) 453 All Nobilitie and Gentrie is either, Native, or Dative, that is to say, commeth either by Discent, or by Purchase [i.e. acquisition]. 1661Morgan Sph. Gentry iii. iii. 28 The first Native..the second Dative, being given in rewards.
4. Law.
a. That may be given or disposed of at pleasure; in one's gift.
b. Of an officer: Appointed so as to be removable at pleasure: opposed to perpetual.
c. Sc. Law. Given or appointed by a magistrate or a court of justice, not by a testator or by the mere disposition of law; pertaining to such appointment: as in executor dative, an executor appointed by decree of the commissary when none has been appointed by the deceased, an administrator; decree dative, a decree appointing an executor dative; testament dative, the decree confirming and conferring full title on an executor dative; tutor dative, a tutor appointed by the Court on the failure of tutors-nominate and tutors-at-law; tutory dative, the office of a tutor dative.
d. tutor dative, in Rom. Law, one appointed by the testator, as distinguished from tutor optive.
1535–6Act 27 Hen. VIII, c. 28 §15 Pryours or governours datyff & removable from tyme to tyme. 1575T. Huntar v. D. Hunter in Balfour Practicks 115 Sum tutoris ar testamentaris, sum tutoris of law, and sum ar tutoris dative. The tutor dative is maid and gevin be the King. 1651N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. ii. vi. (1739) 29 They shall certify..whether a Prior be perpetual, or dative. 1726Ayliffe Parergon 265 Those are term'd Dative Executors who are appointed such by the Judges Decree, as Administrators with us here in England. 1754Erskine Princ. Sc. Law (1809) 85 If no tutor of law demands the office, any person..may apply for a tutory-dative. 1796(title), The Testament Dative, and Inventory of the debts..justly owing to umquhile Robert Burns..at the time of his decease..faithfully made out and given up by Jean Armour, widow of the said defunct, and executrix qua relict, decerned to him by decreet dative of the Commissary of Dumfries. 1848Wharton Law Lex., Dative..that which may be given or disposed of at will and pleasure. 1861Sat. Rev. 25 May 542 In the fourth year of Henry V, all the dative alien priories were dissolved and granted to the Crown. 1880Muirhead Gaius i. §154 Tutors appointed in a testament by express nomination are called tutors dative; those selected in virtue of a power of option, tutors optive.
B. n. (ellipt. use of the adj.)
1. Gram. Short for dative case: see A.
1520Whitinton Vulg. (1527) 11 Somtyme in the stede of genytiue case he wyll haue a datyue. 1751Harris Hermes ii. iv. (1786) 287 The Dative, as it implies Tendency to, is employed..to denote the Final Cause. 1861Max Müller Sc. Lang. vi. 208 The locative may well convey the meaning of the dative.
attrib.1868G. Stephens Runic. Mon. I. 260 Other examples of this..dative-ending.
†2. Sc. Law. A decree dative: see A. 4 c. Obs.
1564Act of Sederunt 24 July (Jam.), We haif given..power to our saids Commissaries of Edinburgh, to give datives, and constitute..executors-datives. 1666Instruct. Commissaries in Acts Sedt. 1553–1790 p. 95 If neither nearest of kin, executor or creditor shall desire to be confirmed..ye shall confirm your procurator fiscal, datives always being duly given thereto before..After the said datives (but before confirmation).
C. Comb. dative absolute, in some inflected languages, a construction resembling the Latin ablative absolute, in which a substantive and participle in the dative case form an adverbial clause of time, cause, or coexistence; dative-accusative a., having the functions of both the dative and the accusative case; n., such a grammatical form; dative-object, an object governed by the verb and in the dative case; dative-phrase, a phrase in which a preposition has a function equivalent to that of a dative case-ending in a language like Latin (cf. case-phrase); dative-verb, a verb regularly constructed with the dative.
1870F. A. March Compar. Gram. Anglo-Saxon iii. 152 Dative absolute.— A substantive and participle in the dative may make an adverbial clause of time, cause, or coexistence. 1918M. Callaway Syntax Lindisfarne Gospels i. 14 As before 1889, so in these later discussions, two views as to the dative absolute construction in Gothic are advocated. 1965B. Mitchell Guide to Old English v. 105 The dative absolute is used in imitation of the Latin absolute, e.g. gewunnenum sige ‘victory having been gained’.
1933L. Bloomfield Lang. xxiv. 437 Nominative ye: dative-accusative you. 1940C. C. Fries Amer. Eng. Gram. 88 The six distinctive dative-accustive forms of pronouns (me, us, him, them, her, whom). 1959M. Schlauch Eng. Lang. i. 32 Prepositions ceased to ‘control’ more than one following case (a single form serving as dative-accusative, which for nouns had become identical with the nominative).
1927E. A. Sonnenschein Soul of Gram. 29 In English, in Greek, and occasionally in Latin the dative-object may become the subject... I was shown the way. 1940C. C. Fries Amer. Eng. Gram. 254 Nouns which formerly stood before the so-called impersonal verbs as dative-objects..now..functioned as subjects.
1927E. A. Sonnenschein Soul of Gram. 49 The dative-phrases of French and Spanish are simply developments of dative-phrases found in all periods of Latin.
1804― Gr. Gram. ii. 168 (heading) Verbs taking the Dative (Dative Verbs). |