| 释义 |
▪ I. gibbet, n.1|ˈdʒɪbɪt|
Forms: 3–8 gibet(t, 3–5 gebet(t, 4–6 gyb(b)ate, -et(te, jebat, (4 gebat, 6 Sc. geibat, geobet, gibbot), 5–6 jub(b)et(t, 5–7 jeb(b)et(t, 6 gyb(b)yt(te, gebbit, jebytt, 6–7 jeb(b)it, jibbet(t, jeobet(te, -it, 7–8 gibbit, 6– gibbet.
[a. OF. gibet gallows, gibbet, in early use, staff or cudgel, dim. of gibe staff, club: see jib. The It. giubbetto of the same meaning is believed to be from Fr., influenced in form by giubbetto, -etta, dim. of giubba cloak.]
1. Originally synonymous with gallows n., but in later use signifying an upright post with projecting arm from which the bodies of criminals were hung in chains or irons after execution.
a1225Ancr. R. 116 Me were muchele dole leouere þet ich iseie ou alle þreo..hongen on a gibet uorte wiðbuwen sunne. 13..K. Alis. 4722 Heore feet men kneotte theo hors to. To the gybet al quyk men tare, Hygh they weore an-honged thare. 1382Wyclif Deut. xxi. 22 Whanne a man..were hongid in the gebet, the careyn of hym shal not abide in the tree. a1450Knt. de la Tour (1868) 64 She was atyred with highe longe pynnes lyke a iebet, and so she was scorned of alle the company, and saide she bare a galous on her hede. 1509Barclay Shyp of Folys (1570) 8 Their bodyes to the ieobet solempnly ascende Wauing with the wether while their necke will holde. a1529Skelton Sp. Parrot 75 The iebet of Baldock was made for Jack Leg. 1572Nottingham Rec. IV. 141 Payd to Bate for takyng of Cranwell downe of the jebytt xij d. 1625Gonsalvio's Sp. Inquis. 48 The lines that tye both his hands and thumbes to a certaine Pullie which hangeth on the Ieobit. 1642Fuller Holy & Prof. St. iv. ii. 248 Haman inherits the gibbet of Mordecai. 1705Hickeringill Priest-cr. i. (1721) 37, I never saw any spiritual Highway-Man..according to their Merits, hang'd upon Gibbets. 1727–41Chambers Cycl., Gibet, a machine in manner of a gallows, whereon notorious criminals after execution, are hung in irons, or chains, as spectacles, in terrorem. 1770Goldsm. Des. Vill. 318 There, the black gibbet glooms beside the way. 1818Scott Hrt. Midl. ii, Several groups..gazed on the scaffold and gibbet. 1865Kingsley Herew. xxi, You shall see a row of gibbets from here to Deeping.
fig.c1440Gesta Rom. i. i. 5 (Harl. MS.) Now þan most a prelate honge the wif—what bymenyth that? Farsoth þat..þe flesh be hongyd on þe iebet of penaunce. 1600Heywood 1st Pt. Edw. IV, Wks. 1874 I. 34 Hast thou ensnar'd our heedlesse feet with death, And brought vs to the Iibbet of defame? 1650Trapp Comm. Gen. vi. 17 God hath hang'd up the old world in gibbets, as it were, for our admonition. 1742Young Nt. Th. vi. 264 Heart-merit wanting, mount we ne'er so high, Our height is but the gibbet of our name. 1806Fessenden Democr. I. 15 Expos'd on satire's gibbet high, To frighten others of the fry.
†b. Applied to the Cross. Obs.
c1450Mirour Saluacioun 4666 On the Gibet of the crosse deignyng for me to dye. 1535Fisher Wks. (1876) 416 On the gebbit of the Crosse.
c. Halifax Gibbet: an instrument for beheading criminals, similar to the Scotch maiden or French guillotine, formerly in use at Halifax in Yorkshire.
1650in J. Watson Halifax (1775) 219 To suffer death, by having their heads severed, and cut off from their bodies, at Halifax Gibbet. 1775J. Watson Ibid., The said Abraham Wilkinson and Anthony Mitchell were..conducted to the said gibbet, and there executed in the usual form.
†d. to ride the gibbet: to be carried on a pole round the town. Cf. to ride the stang. Obs.—1
1519Surtees Misc. (1888) 34 She shalnot chyde ne flyte wt eny neghtburez..oppen ridyng of the jebit, or thew, aboute the towne.
2. The punishment of death by hanging.
1751Jortin Serm. (1771) VII. xi. 218 The..wickedness of many is such, that nothing but..jails and gibbets can keep civil society in..order. 1814Scott Ld. of Isles ii. v, Some poor criminal..from the gibbet..Respited for a day. 1872C. Gibbon For the King xiii, The gibbet and the musket are the only lawgivers of the hour.
fig.1502Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) ii. iv. 91 And to be condempned unto the gybet of hell.
3.
†a. A short beam projecting from a wall, having a pulley fixed at the end (obs.).
b. The projecting arm of a crane; also called jib.
c. Sc. A chimney crane for hanging a pot over the fire.
a.1502Arnolde Chron. (1811) 127 The said wardens..haue made in the stede of y⊇ said crane a gibet hanging on a wall not able to take any thingis out of the watir of Thamyse. 1545Act 37 Hen. VIII, c. 12 §9 Houses, with Key or Wharf, having any Crane or Gibet belonging to the same. 1570Dee Math. Pref. 35 All Cranes, Gybbettes, and Ingines to lift vp.
b.1729Desaguliers in Phil. Trans. XXXVI. 194 The Crane must be a fix'd one, and only the Gibbet moveable, from which the Weight hangs. 1806O. Gregory Mech. (1807) II. 197 Gibbet or jib of a crane, the projecting beam upon the extremity of which is fixed a pulley. 1875in Knight Dict. Mech.
c.1477Extracts Aberd. Reg. (1844) I. 408 A brewyne fat, a hemmyr stand, a bukket, and a gybbate that it hang by. 1887[see gibbet-pan in 5 below].
†4. A cudgel. Obs.
c1600Day Begg. Bednall Gr. v. (1881) 108 Give me but an ashen Gibbet in my hand, an I do not dry bang them both, I'll be bound to eat hay with a horse, so will I. 1674–91Ray S. & E.C. Words 100 A Gibbet; a great Cudgel, such as they throw up Trees to beat down the Fruit.
5. attrib. and Comb., as gibbet-chain, gibbet-foot, gibbet-irons, gibbet-law, gibbet-tree; gibbet-carrier, gibbet-maker; gibbet-wise adv.; also gibbet-gab, -pan, Sc. (see quots.); gibbet-thief, a thief who is hanged on a gibbet.
1731Arbuthnot Treat. Scolding 20 You did not love Cruelty, you Kennel-raker, you *Gibbet-carrier.
a1847Eliza Cook Song of Wind vi, I had swung the *gibbet⁓chains against the bleaching bones.
1826Scott Woodst. xxx, Keep your scurrile jests for the *gibbet-foot.
1887Jamieson, Suppl. s.v. Gibbet, The largest pots were hung on the swee itself, or were attached to it by a strong double hook called the *gibbet-gab.
1898Daily News 13 Sept. 5/1 A complete set of *gibbet irons.
1708S. Midgley (title) Hallifax, and its *Gibbet-Law placed in a true Light. 1838Penny Cycl. XII. 13/2 The ‘Halifax Gibbet Law’ was not alone exercised for the protection of clothiers, but it was also used for the punishment of other felonies.
1588Shakes. Tit. A. iv. iii. 80 What sayes Iupiter? Clowne. Ho the *Iibbetmaker, he sayes that he hath taken them downe againe, for the man must not be hang'd till the next weeke.
1887Jamieson, Suppl., *Gibbet-pan, a name given to the largest pot or pan used in cooking: so called because it generally hung on the gibbet or swee.
1700Congreve Way of World iii. v, I hope to see him hung with Tatters, like a long Lane Pent-house, or a *Gibbet-thief.
13..St. Cristofer 668 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1881) 462 Myne eldirs..sloughe hym on a *gebete-tree. 1808Scott Marm. i. xii, We saw..on the gibbet-tree, reversed, His foeman's scutcheon tied.
1622Mabbe tr. Aleman's Guzman d'Alf. i. 266 Putting a piece of Timber *Gibbet-wise into that hole in the Wall.
▪ II. † ˈgibbet, n.2 Obs.
[Perh. a. OF. juppet (occurring in the sense ‘distance to which one can shout’), f. jupper, juper to whoop, cry out.]
A note on the horn, a call or whistle as a signal to a dog or hawk. Hence † ˈgibbeting vbl. n., the utterance of such a signal.
1590Sir T. Cockaine Hunting C iv b, Being sure it is his owne Deere, he may giue one gibbet at euery imprime, and no more. 1615Markham Country Contentm. i. viii. 93 If your Hawke..rake and gase after euery checke, neither respecting whooping nor gibbeting, in this case you must [etc.]. 1616Surflet & Markham Country Farme 668 The cries of the hounds, the winding of hornes, or the gibbetting of the huntsmen. 1621Markham Hunger's Prevent. (1655) 49 Your Water-dogge..vpon the least gybbet or call to come running vnto you. 1730Sir W. Yonge Norfolk Garland, Tolle Aux! then Callet cry'd And gave a gibbet shrill.
▪ III. gibbet, v.|ˈdʒɪbɪt|
[f. gibbet n.1]
†1. intr. To hang as on a gibbet. Obs.
1597Shakes. 2 Hen. IV, iii. ii. 282 Hee that gibbets on the Brewers Bucket.
2. trans. To put to death by hanging.
1726Amherst Terræ Fil. viii. 37 Starving, burning, and gibetting, one year, all persons holding such opinions. 1851Dixon W. Penn xxvii. (1872) 246 He was..found guilty, and gibbeted in front of his own house in Cheapside. 1881Blackie Lay Serm. viii. 239 The Stuarts gibbeted the Covenanters because they denied the rights of a civil sovereign to frame liturgies [etc.].
b. To hang (a carcase) on a gibbet by way of infamous exposure. Also with up.
1752[see 3]. 1761Brit. Mag. II. 669 This murderer..under⁓standing that he was to be gibbeted..was greatly enraged. 1790Burke Fr. Rev. 209 Wickedness..walks abroad; it continues its ravages; whilst you are gibbeting the carcass, or demolishing the tomb. c1820S. Rogers Italy, Adventure ii. xiv. (1828) 87 Soon should I..limb by limb, be mangled on a wheel, Then gibbeted to blacken for the vultures. 1828Scott F.M. Perth xxiii, Away with that convict to the gallows, and gibbet him alive an you will. 1866Rogers Agric. & Prices I. iv. 88 All the culprits were hanged; according to Walsingham, were gibbetted in chains.
c. transf. To hang up (a bird, a thing) on or as on a gibbet.
1749Fielding Tom Jones i. i, The same animal..may perhaps be degraded in another part, and some of his limbs gibbetted, as it were, in the vilest stall in town. 1777Brand Pop. Antiq. 389 Some Inns still gibbet their Signs across a Town. 1822W. Irving Braceb. Hall xxv. 212 They [the crows] are gibbetted in every corn-field. 1866Howells Venet. Life vii. 111 A long crane with villainous pots gibbeted upon it.
3. fig. To hold up to infamy or public contempt. Also with up. to gibbet into: to bring into (an ignominious position) as by hanging on a gibbet.
1646J. Whitaker Uzziah 5 God doth..gibbet his open adversaries. a1683Oldham On Printer 44, I mean to hang and Gibbet up thy Name. 1752Warburton Let. to Balguy in Hurd Life (1794) 65, I had gibbeted up Julian, and he comes by night to cut him down. 1762Goldsm. Cit. W. xii, Thus [he] unknowingly gibbeted himself into infamy, when he might have otherwise quietly retired into oblivion. 1836Southey in Cowper's Wks. II. 26 This reviewal of Cowper's first volume is one of those defunct criticisms which deserve to be disinterred and gibbeted for the sake of example. 1848Ashley in Hodder Ld. Shaftesbury II. xvii. 274 Poor Melbourne died yesterday, and to-day he is, of course, gibbeted in the Times. This is ‘one of the new terrors of death’. 1886T. Frost Remin. Country Journalist v. (1888) 59 Everybody..[was] apprehensive of being morally gibbeted in its pages.
Hence ˈgibbeted ppl. a., ˈgibbeting vbl. n. (in quot. attrib.).
1756L. C. in Old Maid (1764) No. 34 ⁋4 Thus I hung suspended in the air..a terrible gibbeted example of curiosity. 1825Scott Talism. xiv, I shall be a gibbeted and dishonoured corse. 1858Carlyle Fredk. Gt. vii. v. II. 291 Your road horribly decked with gibbeted thieves hanging aloft. 1875W. Houghton Sk. Brit. Ins. 105 Stomachs of the gibbeted moles. 1891Pall Mall G. 7 Sept. 7/2 It seems to be by the merest accident that any gibbeting irons have been preserved for our gratification, since they were left to perish with the bodies they contained. |