| 释义 |
▪ I. primal, a.|ˈpraɪməl|
[ad. med.L. prīmāl-is (1485 in Du Cange), f. L. prīmus first: see -al1.]
1. a. Belonging to the first age or earliest stage; original, pristine; primitive, primeval.
1602Shakes. Ham. iii. iii. 37 Oh my offence is ranke, it smels to heauen, It hath the primall eldest curse vpon 't, A Brothers murther. 1606― Ant. & Cl. i. iv. 41. 1615 Marr. & Wiving iii. in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) III. 258 The primal blessing, Increase and multiply. 1784Cowper Task i. 364 See him sweating o'er his bread Before he eats it.—'Tis the primal curse, But soften'd into mercy. 1817Moore Lalla R. (1824) 15 And bring its primal glories back again. 1879Huxley Hume ii. 63 He..falls into the primal and perennial error of philosophical speculators.
b. Psychol. Relating or pertaining to such needs, fears, behaviour, etc., as form the origins of emotional life, esp. as in Freud's theory that, in the hypothesized murder of the dominant father who possesses the females in a primal horde, lies the unconscious origin of the Oedipus complex and the begining of conscious emotions.
1918A. A. Brill tr. Freud's Totem & Taboo iv. 218 If the totem animal is the father, then the two main commandments of totemism..agree in content with the two crimes of Oedipus..and also with the child's two primal wishes whose insufficient repression..forms the nucleus of perhaps all neuroses. 1934R. Money-Kyrle tr. Róheim's Riddle of Sphinx i. 81 All this forms a ‘religion’ in which the infantile primal fantasies recur in a projected form. 1950J. Strachey tr. Freud's Coll. Papers V. 229 Parricide, according to a well-known view, is the principal and primal crime of humanity. 1961R. Fliess Ego & Body Ego iii. v. 301 (heading) Primal hate against the eldest brother. 1968M. Harris Rise of Anthropol. Theory xvi. 425 In this fashion, the primal patricide, helped along by hereditary memory traces in the ‘racial unconscious’, gave rise to the Oedipus complex, nuclear family, incest taboo, [etc.]. 1969P. A. Robinson Freudian Left 109 Freud had in fact asserted that the primal-crime hypothesis was not to be understood as a simple statement of fact. 1970A. Janov Primal Scream v. 55 It is when we force the neurotic patient to feel, rather than act out his primal fears that we can help him understand the feelings that are terrorizing him. 1973D. Nicholson-Smith tr. Laplanche & Pontalis's Lang. of Psycho-Anal. 332 If we consider the themes which can be recognised in primal phantasies..the striking thing is that they all have one trait in common: they are all related to origins. Ibid. 334 This anticathexis..is unlikely to derive from the super-ego, whose formation is subsequent to primal repression. 1976N. Thornburg Cutter & Bone i. 7 He was..indistinguishable from the evangelists and fire-worshippers, the pornographers and primal screamers. 1977Undercurrents June–July 16/1 Another group is that at Atlantis near Burtonport, Co. Donegal, who practice self-sufficiency and primal therapy. Ibid. 26/1 Tim Eiloart discusses the development of the treatment, its basic methods, and the attitude of primal therapists to other forms of psychiatric treatment. 1978Listener 19 Oct. 499/1 In America, one of the best-known of the therapies which claim to help you relive those early traumas is primal therapy.
c. Special collocations (sense 1 b): primal father, the dominant male, possessing all the females, assumed to have existed by some theories of the origins of social life; primal horde, a conjectured original form of human group; primal law, the conjectured law of nature whereby human beings originally lived, esp. under the dominance of the male; primal scene, a Freudian term for the first time that a child is emotionally aware of his parents copulating.
1918A. A. Brill tr. Freud's Totem & Taboo iv. 245 An ideal could arise having as a content the fullness of power and the freedom from restriction of the conquered primal father, as well as the willingness to subject themselves to him. 1934R. Money-Kyrle tr. Róheim's Riddle of Sphinx iv. 179 All human institutions are regarded as foundations of the primal father.
1918A. A. Brill tr. Freud's Totem & Taboo iv. 246 The family was a reconstruction of the former primal horde and also restored a great part of their former rights to the fathers. 1934R. Money-Kyrle tr. Róheim's Riddle of Sphinx iii. 171 What is the relation between the ontogenic conception of culture and the primal horde theory. 1969P. A. Robinson Freudian Left 98 Verbal communication is the only vehicle of traditional continuity we know of; but, ex hypothesi, the primal-horde epoch must have been over before the development of speech.
1903J. J. Atkinson (title) Primal law. Ibid. i. 210 The following thesis, however, on the genesis of primal law in human marriage, treats of a conjectural series of events in the ascent of man.
1925J. Strachey tr. Freud's Infantile Neurosis in Coll. Papers III. v. 510 We will proceed with the study of the relations between this ‘primal scene’ and the patient's dream. 1955M. Klein et al. New Directions in Psychoanal. xiii. 327 When, in this emotional state, he covers his eyes with his hand he is, I think, reviving the young infant's wish never to have seen and taken in the primal scene. 1957M. McCarthy Memories Catholic Girlhood viii. 204, I conceived an aversion to apricots..from having watched her with them, just as though I had witnessed what Freud calls the primal scene. 1973D. Nicholson-Smith tr. Laplanche & Pontalis's Lang. of Psycho-Anal. 335 Should we look upon the primal scene as the memory of an actually experienced event or as a pure phantasy? 1977A. Sheridan tr. Lacan's Écrits iii. 96 The Wolf Man never managed..to integrate his recollection of his primal scene into his history.
2. Of first rank, standing, or importance; chief, principal; fundamental, essential.
1812Byron Ch. Har. ii. xlvii, He..left the primal city of the land. 1814Wordsw. Excurs. ix. 244 The primal duties shine aloft—like stars. 1878Gladstone Glean. (1879) I. 201 The great questions of policy which appeal to the primal truths and laws of our nature.
†3. = primatial 1. Cf. primalty. Obs. rare—1.
1543Harding's Chron. cii. v, Whiche the byshop Adrian, anone hastely Graunted him then, by bulles written papal, Lambert depriuyng of his sea primal.
4. Geol. The name given by H. D. Rogers to the earliest or lowest member of the palæozoic strata of the Appalachian chain, and to the period at which this was deposited.
1858H. D. Rogers Geol. Pennsylv. II. ii. 749 These periods..are the Primal, Auroral, Matinal, Levant, Surgent [etc.]. 1859in Page Handbk. Geol. Terms.
5. Biol. Pertaining to the Primalia, a third kingdom of organized beings, comprising those least specialized, not recognized as being distinctly either animal or vegetable (proposed by T. B. Wilson and J. Cassin, 1863); cf. Protista.
[1863T. B. Wilson & J. Cassin in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sc. Philad. 116, 1. The Reproductive Organs are first specialized in the kingdom Primalia.] 1890Cent. Dict., Primal.
6. Comb., as primal-born adj., firstborn.
1874T. N. Harper Peace through Truth Ser. ii. i. 60 The physical light of heaven, primal-born of all the things of creation.
▪ II. primal, v. Psychol. colloq.|ˈpraɪməl|
[f. the adj.]
intr. To participate in primal therapy; to release emotion, tension, etc. in primal screaming. Also trans., to subject (a person) to primal therapy.
1971J. Lennon in Rolling Stone 10 Jan. 34/4 It's a process that is going on. We primal almost daily. 1977Undercurrents June–July 26/3 Everyone is permitted to primal when they wish. 1977Rolling Stone 5 May 74/2 Check out the singing on ‘Taxman, Mr. Thief’, and tell me anyone has been more pissed off since John Lennon was primaled. 1978Listener 19 Oct. 501/1 Much of the emotion that gushes out from people ‘primalling’ or in psychodrama, concerns real or imagined parental neglect and even desertion. |