| 释义 |
spreader|ˈsprɛdə(r)|
[f. spread v.]
I.
1. One who spreads, strews, or scatters.
1483Cath. Angl. 356/2 A Spreder of gresse.., herbarius. 1641Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 33 One spreader will spreade as much in a day as sixe goode mowers will mowe. 1712N. Blundell Diary (1895) 105 All my Marlers, Spreaders,..and Carters din'd here. 1854Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. XV. i. 109 The spreaders carry the manure forward and deposit it in the bottoms of the drills. 1891Labour Comm. Gloss., Spreaders, women who spread the softened jute on the card.
2. A diffuser, disseminator, or promulgator of something.
1551Cranmer Answ. Gardiner 17 The Papistes..haue ben the chiefe spreaders abrode of it. 1562Act 5 Eliz. c. 5 §40 Such Persons shall be punished as Spreaders of false News are and ought to be. 1641Prynne Discov. Prelates' Tyr. ii. 152 The spreaders abroad of false, seditious and scandalous newes. 1649― Demurrer to Jews' Remitter 83 The Jews..are the greatest venters, spreaders of abominable Blasphemies. 1710Steele Tatler No. 225 ⁋4 He..would be considered as a Spreader of false News is in Business. 1787Bentham Def. Usury xiii. 187 The spreaders of English arts in foreign climes.
3. A piece of wood, metal, or other material, by which things or parts are stretched out or kept asunder:
a. (See quots. and cf. spread-bat.)
1839Sir G. C. Lewis Gloss. Heref., Spreader, a cross⁓piece of wood, which prevents the traces of the fore-horses of a team from collapsing. 1852C. W. Hoskyns Talpa i. (1854) 3 Bang goes a trace or a spreader, and the plough comes to a standstill. 1875Knight Dict. Mech. 2288/2 Spreader,..a stick which stretches apart the ends of a chain to which the single-trees are attached.
attrib.1871in De Vere Americanisms 351 The captain..was attacked with a spreaderstick (a piece of wood used as a swingle-tree on the tow-track).
b. In misc. uses (see quots.).
1875Knight Dict. Mech. 2004/1 Runner,..the slider of an umbrella to which the spreaders are pivoted. 1881Raymond Mining Gloss., Spreaders, pieces of timber stretched across a shaft as a temporary support of the walls. 1884Erichsen Surgery (ed. 8) I. 68 A wide ‘spreader’ made of a piece of wood with a hole in it for the rope..to pass through. 1888Fenn Dick o' the Fens 88 The net, at whose two ends was fixed a pole as spreader.
c. Naut. A bar attached to the mast of a yacht in order to tighten the shrouds.
1895Daily News 11 Sept. 5/5 In weathering it her gaff or spreaders struck Defender's shrouds. 1901Daily Chron. 6 June 7/5 All her wire rigging except the masthead shrouds going over the spreader.
4. a. A machine by which heckled stricks of line are combined and drawn out into slivers.
1853Ure Dict. Arts (ed. 4) I. 758 In the preparation of line the first operation is called ‘spreading’, and the machine employed a ‘spreader’. 1884Western Morn. News 9 Aug. 1/5 Cards, spreaders, drawings, rovings.
b. A device for spreading the jet of water issuing from a hose.
1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, Spreader, an attachment [to] the branch pipe of a fire-engine for scattering the water over a large surface. 1863Appleby's Handbk. Mach. & Iron Work 59 Copper Branch-pipe... Brass Jet and Spreader extra, 7/6 each. 1894Westm. Gaz. 3 May 3/3 The Spiral Spreaders, which can be..fixed in position as lawn sprinklers, are excellent.
c. An apparatus or device by which something is spread or scattered.
1864Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. XXV. ii. 368 Each shaft or inlet should be provided with a louver or ‘spreader’ within the stable, to prevent occasional down-draughts. 1882Rep. Prec. Metals U.S. 586 The pulp goes on to the distributing board, which is provided with spreaders.
d. = lifting beam s.v. lifting vbl. n. 2 b. Also spreader beam.
1960S. P. Oppenheimer Erecting Structural Steel vii. 88 Slings having a center ring and known as spreaders or bridle slings are used. Ibid., When a long, thin piece, which might buckle under compression, is to be lifted, an additional heavy spreader beam is used above separate single slings placed at the ends. 1968W. G. Rapp Construction of Structural Steel Building Frames vi. 175 To choke the load with a sling around it one eye is passed through the other, the free eye is then hooked or shackled into the hoisting spreaders on the main load hook. 1970Specification for Flat Lifting Slings (B.S.I.) 20 Use a spreader beam or other suitable arrangement to ensure that the slings are as nearly as practicable vertical.
II.
†5. Cant. Butter. Obs. (Cf. spread n. 6.)
1610Rowlands Martin Mark-all E iv, Spreader, butter.
6. a. Something which spreads or grows outwards.
a1639Wotton Surv. Educ. in Reliq. (1651) 321 If their Child be not such a speedy spreader, and brancher like the Vine. 1845Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. VI. i. 198 The oak is naturally a wide spreader.
b. A side-channel.
1845P. Hawker Diary (1893) II. 252 We then poled up the ‘spreader’, but the water was too low to allow my gun to bear on the birds.
c. A catch which operates by spreading.
1884Knight Dict. Mech. Suppl. 827/1 Socket, a tool used in well boring.., screwing on to the top of the rod, attaching by gripers, hooks, shoulders, collars, spreaders, etc.
7. A surfactant.
1918Jrnl. Econ. Entomol. XI. 67 The surface tension and specific gravity are probably factors of importance in determining the value of a spreader. 1941Nature 12 Apr. 438/2 The efficiency of..‘spreaders’ in a given oil may be gauged by the direct measurement of their spreading power against surface contamination in the Adam-Langmuir surface pressure trough. 1963H. Martin Insecticide & Fungicide Handbk. iii. 57 Where high or medium volume is used, the addition to the spray of surface-active ‘wetters’ or ‘spreaders’ may be recommended in order to increase the cover obtained.
III. 8. Comb., as spreader-bar = spreader 3; spreader light, a light attached to the spreader of a yacht.
1927C. A. Lindbergh We iii. 44 The wheels touched earth..rolled.., sank into the spreader bar and we nosed over. 1954W. Faulkner Fable 222 When they sat up it was together as though a spreader bar connected them. 1968J. Arnold Shell Bk. Country Crafts xi. 166 Between the two horses, the trace-chains were kept steady by a spreader-bar.
1947Sun (Baltimore) 3 July 15/5 The practice of a flashlight on sails as something approaches in the darkness is a good one, the authorities say, and the spreader lights now carried by many sailing yachts is [sic] an even better idea. 1977G. V. Higgins Dreamland ix. 96 With the spreader lights on the main⁓mast on, I took down the mizzen sail. |