| 释义 |
salient, a. and n.|ˈseɪlɪənt|
Also 6 saliaunte, 7 salliant, 7–9 saliant, 8 saillant.
[ad. L. salientem, pres. pple. of salīre to leap. The form has been freq. assimilated wholly or partly to F. saillant (from the same source).]
A. adj.
1. a. Leaping, jumping; esp. of animals, saltatorial.
Used by Sydney Smith app. for ‘dancing’: cf. saltant.
1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. v. iii. 237 Salient animalls, and such as move by leaping. 1655Fuller Ch. Hist. x. ii. §53 Behold a straw besprinkled with some drops of his blood..leaped up on this Wilkinson [etc.]..when this straw salient leaped first up into Wilkinson's lap [etc.]. 1803Shaw Zool. IV. 167 Salient Blenny. Ibid. 585 Salient Mackrel. 1826Syd. Smith Wks. (1859) II. 89/1 With ten or a dozen stars and an Oonalaska chief, and followed by all vicious and salient London, Mrs. Clotworthy takes the field. 1848Maunder Treas. Nat. Hist. 804 Salient, moving by leaps, as frogs.
b. Of water: Jetting forth; leaping upwards.
1669Boyle Contn. New Exp. iv. 17 We could take notice of the Lines describ'd by the Salient water, as the ejaculation of that Liquor grew still fainter and fainter. 1728Pope Dunc. ii. 162 Who best can send on high The salient spout, far-streaming to the sky. 1830Tennyson Adeline iii, Do beating hearts of salient springs Keep measure with thine own? 1892Ld. Lytton K. Poppy ii. 289 Nor any better could that Dragon sage Hinder the sources of the salient springs From listening.
fig.1796Burke Let. Noble Ld. Wks. VIII. 46 He had in himself a salient, living spring, of generous and manly action.
c. Of the pulse: Beating strongly. poet.
a1791Blacklock Ode written when sick 15 The salient pulse of health gives o'er.
d. Math. salient point (see quot.).
1845Encycl. Metrop. II. 122 The points of curves which have been called shooting or saliant points, when the function dy / dx becomes discontinuous by changing suddenly of value.
2. Her. Having the hind legs in the sinister base and the fore paws elevated near together in the dexter chief, as if in the act of leaping.
1562Legh Armorie 78 He beareth Argent, a Lion saliaunte,..this lifteth up hys right pawe to the right corner of the Escocheon, and the Rampande, lifteth up his left pawe to the same corner. 1605Camden Rem. (1637) 227 A demy Ramme salient Argent. 1718A. Nisbet Ess. Armories Index Terms, Salient, when any Beast is erected Bendways. 1864Boutell Her. Hist. & Pop. xx. (ed. 3) 334 A pegasus salient.
transf.1740Gentl. Mag. X. 460/1 [A little cur] salient on her nether feet, Extorts your very fav'rite bit.
3. a. salient point [= F. point saillant, mod.L. punctum saliens; the source of this use is Aristotle, Hist. Anim. vi. iii, τοῦτο δὲ τὸ σηµεῖον πηδᾷ καὶ κινεῖται ὥσπερ ἔµψυχον, ‘this point [representing the heart in the egg] leaps and moves as alive’]: in old medical use, the heart as it first appears in an embryo (cf. quot. 1706); hence, the first beginning of life or motion; the starting-point of anything. Obs. or arch.
1672Sir T. Browne Let. Friend §5 His end was not unlike his beginning, when the salient point scarce affords a sensible motion. [1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), Punctum Saliens, a little Speck or Cloud that appears in a Broodegg, and seems to leap before the Chicken begins to be hatch'd.] 1712Blackmore Creation vi. 337 The Salient Point, so first is call'd the Heart. 1769Junius Lett. (1820) 154 That was the salient point from which all the mischiefs..of the present reign took life. 1822Good Study Med. II. 7 The heart is the salient point of the circulation. 1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. II. i. v, What a progress, since the first salient-point of the Breton Committee! 1869Goulburn Purs. Holiness iv. 39 What is the salient point, the spring, of a virtue?
b. Similarly, † salient motion.
1660N. Ingelo Bentiv. & Ur. ii. (1682) 119 The earthly bud of young Life first appears in a salient Motion.
4. Of an angle: Pointing outward, as an ordinary angle of a polygon (opposed to re-entrant); chiefly in Fortif., ‘formed by two lines of works meeting and pointing towards the country’ (Voyle), i.e. away from the centre of the fortification. So salient point, etc.
1687J. Richards Jrnl. Siege of Buda 19 We pierc'd the Wall of the Lower Town looking into St. Paul's Valley, and carry'd on a 3d Angle Salliant. 1702Milit. Dict. s.v. Bonnet, A Work consisting of two Faces, which make an Angle Saillant in the Nature of a small Ravelin. 1739C. Labelye Short Acc. Piers Westm. Bridge 79 Each Point, or Saliant Angle of each of the Piers. 1812Wellington in Gurw. Desp. (1837) IX. 12 When the attack upon the salient angle..succeeded. 1816R. Jameson Char. Min. (ed. 2) 170 In ordinary crystals, the faces adjacent to each other always form salient, and never re-entering angles. 1838Penny Cycl. X. 375/2 We obtain about 360 yards for the distance between the salient points F and E of the two bastions. 1876Voyle & Stevenson Milit. Dict., Salient Order of Battle, an order of battle, the front of the army being formed on a salient or outward angle.
5. a. Of material things: Standing above or beyond the general surface or outline; jutting out; prominent among a number of objects.
1789E. Darwin Bot. Gard. I. 32 He..Crowns with high Calpè Europe's saliant strand. 1834McMurtrie Cuvier's Anim. Kingd. 268 The hinge always furnished with salient and well-marked teeth. 1844Kinglake Eothen vi. 93 The town is on a salient point. 1854Badham Halieut. 451 Large salient eyes. 1859Gullick & Timbs Paint. 201 The salient parts of the body and limbs should always be seen through the drapery. 1878R. B. Smith Carthage 229 The salient physical features of the spot. 1881Mivart Cat 480 The Mastoid is never salient.
b. Of immaterial things, qualities, etc.: Standing out from the rest; prominent, conspicuous; often in phr. salient point (cf. 3). Also Psychol., standing out or prominent in consciousness.
1840Carlyle Heroes iii. 177 The great salient points are admirably seized. 1846Grote Greece i. xx. II. 87 His personal ascendancy..is the salient feature in the picture. 1862Stanley Jew. Ch. (1877) I. viii. 153 Some few salient points emerge full of eternal significance. 1873Symonds Grk. Poets xii. 401 In the midst of our activity we have so little that is salient or characteristic in our life. 1874Green Short Hist. vii. §7. 421 No salient peculiarity seems to have left its trace on the memory of his contemporaries. 1938H. D. Spoerl tr. Stern's Gen. Psychol. from Personalistic Standpoint iv. 74 Dissonance is constant by being augmented or diminished. All experience consequently tends to become either salient against or embedded with the totality. 1938G. W. Allport Personality xx. 553 The most important of all facts about consciousness is that it is graded; sometimes it stands out, as it were, against the diffuse background of personal life. It is salient... The more salient an experience, the greater its objective meaning. 1953C. I. Hovland et al. Communication & Persuasion v. 161 A communication will produce more immediate change when the opposing group norms are at a low level of salience than when they are highly salient. 1965T. M. Newcomb et al. Social Psychol. ii. 37 We shall use the term ‘salient’ to describe stored information that has been prompted to the forefront of the individual's conscious thought.
6. Electr. salient pole, a type of field pole used in electrical machinery in which the energizing coil is wound on a pole-piece projecting inside the yoke of a stator assembly or outside the cone of a rotor assembly.
1886S. P. Thompson Dynamo-Electric Machinery (ed. 2) vii. 121 This pattern differs from that of the better known ‘A’ Gramme in using salient poles instead of having the ‘consequent poles’ at the middle points of the electro⁓magnets. 1920Whittaker's Electr. Engineer's Pocket-Bk. (ed. 4) 169 The turbo-alternator is now the standard a.c. generator, and is almost invariably built with a cylindrical (or non-salient pole) rotor, the salient pole construction being confined to slow-speed alternators and water turbine-driven alternators. 1962[see alternator]. 1970J. Shepherd et al. Higher Electr. Engin. (ed. 2) x. 331 An alternative arrangement to having uniform slotting on both sides of the air-gap is to have salient poles around which are wound concentrated coils to provide the field winding. The salient poles may be on either the stator or the rotor.
B. n. Fortif.
1. A salient angle or part of a work.
1828J. M. Spearman Brit. Gunner. (ed. 2) 209 If lunettes are constructed beyond the saliants of the bastions and ravelins. 1868Kinglake Crimea (1877) III. i. 216 Two sides of a triangle whereof the salients pointed straight to the front. 1897Gen. H. Porter Campaigning with Grant in Century Mag. June 210 The fort was an enclosed work, and formed a salient upon the enemy's line.
2. a. A narrow projection or spur of land extending from a larger feature; a spur-like area of land, esp. one held by a line of offence or defence, as in trench-warfare; spec. (freq. with the and capital initial) that at Ypres in western Belgium, the scene of severe fighting in the war of 1914–18.
1864W. G. Mitchell in War of Rebellion (U.S. War Dept.) (1891) 1st Ser. XXXVI. i. 359 Conducted General Wright to a point near the Salient we had captured. 1903A. F. Mockler-Ferryman Milit. Sketching & Reconnaissance ix. 88 Select..a line of level to be assumed as a crest-line, so situated that when drawn-in it will show the shape of all the principal salients and re-entrants. 1914War Illustr. 5 Dec. 366/1 The British salient at Ypres fascinated the Kaiser. 1915N.Y. Tribune 8 May 9/2 The salient at Ypres always has been dangerous. Formerly it made a semi-circular loop, with Ypres a little above the centre. After this successful movement of the Germans it took the shape of the eye in a hook and eye. 1927R. H. Mottram Spanish Farm Trilogy 238 Poperinghe was the railhead for that essentially English battle-field, the Ypres Salient. 1944Daily Progress (Charlottesville, Va.) 2 Oct. 9/4 The British drove five miles north of the village of Oss at the north-western corner of their salient to the Maas. 1972K. Bonfiglioli Don't point that Thing at Me xix. 172, I had almost succeeded in becoming..‘Mad Jack’ Mortdecai, V.D. and Scar, the ice-cool toast of the Ypres Salient. 1974News & Courier (Charleston, S. Carolina) 28 Apr. a1/6 An officer identified in a national radio interview as Yoav, commander of the southern salient.
b. fig.
1936[see industrial psychologist s.v. industrial a. e]. 1969Daily Tel. 31 Oct. 18 With this week's pamphlet on ‘The Police and the Citizen’..he will be taking the council into a very hot salient indeed.
Hence ˈsaliently adv., in a salient manner.
1847–54in Webster. 1868E. Edwards Ralegh I. Introd. 30 His name stands out saliently in several events which serve to mark epochs..in English history. 1870Contemp. Rev. XVI. 159 They stand saliently in the van of civilization. |