| 释义 |
spleenwort|ˈspliːnwɜːt|
Also 6 splen(e)-, spleenewort, spleen-, 6–7 spleenewoort.
[f. spleen n., after L. splēnion or asplēnon, a. Gr. σπληνίον, ἄσπληνον (also ἀσπλήνιος, -ον adj.), f. σπλήν spleen.]
1. a. One or other of various ferns belonging to the genus Asplenium; also, the genus itself.
1578Lyte Dodoens iii. lxv. 406 Of brode or large Splene⁓wort or Miltwast. 1597Gerarde Herbal ii. cccclv. 979 Called..in English Spleenwoort, Miltwaste, Scale Ferne, and Stone Ferne. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts 616 Spleen⁓wort giuen vnto sheep..is the best remedy for this Malady. 1688Holme Armoury ii. 97/2 Spleenwort, hath divers stalks of leaves. 1711Pope Rape Lock iv. 56 Safe past the Gnome thro' this fantastic band, A branch of healing Spleenwort in his hand. 1753Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. App., Spleen-wort,..called..in English more commonly milt⁓waste. 1862Ansted Channel Isl. 183 The varieties of Asplenium or spleenwort are very numerous and beautiful. 1885Gerard Waters of Hercules viii, Between the stones..the maidenhair and spleenwort were beginning to peep.
pl.1859T. Moore Brit. Ferns (1864) 59 The Spleenworts are called Asplenium by botanists.
†b. Hart's-tongue; scolopendrium. Obs.
1725Fam. Dict. s.v. Jaundice, Boil therein an Handful of the Roots of Smallage..and wild Succory, with as much Harts-tongue or Spleenwort. 1796Withering Brit. Pl. (ed. 3) III. 766 Asplenium scolopendrium. Spleenwort or Harts-tongue.
c. With various distinguishing terms.
The number of varieties thus distinguished is very large: see also maidenhair 6 and sea 23 f.
1796Withering Brit. Pl. (ed. 3) III. 768 Asplenium viride. Green-ribbed Spleenwort. Ibid. 770 A. lanceolatum. Spear-shaped Spleenwort. 1801C. Smith Lett. Solit. Wand. II. 92 Having found here the white spleenwort in fructification. 1845–50A. H. Lincoln Lect. Bot. App. 78/2 Asplenium ebenum (ebony spleen-wort). 1846–50A. Wood Class-bk. Bot. 630 Swamp Spleenwort... Dwarf Spleenwort. Ibid. 631 Silvery Spleenwort. 1847H. Miller Test. Rocks (1857) 30 The minute forked spleenwort of Arthur Seat. 1802Ansted Channel Isl. ii. viii. 183 Black spleenwort is as common in the islands as in England. 1865Gosse Land & Sea (1874) 333 Here the Marine Spleenwort grows out of the vertical fissures.
†2. rough spleenwort, a former name for various ferns (see quots.). Obs.
1597Gerarde Herbal ii. cccclv. 978 Lonchitis aspera, Rough Spleenewort. 1600Surflet Countrie Farme ii. xlii. 262 Scolopendrium, or rough spleene-woort, called also harts-toongue. 1633Gerarde's Herbal ii. cccclxxi. 1140 Lonchitis aspera maior. Great rough Spleene-woort. 1760J. Lee Introd. Bot. App. 328 Spleen-wort, Rough, Lonchitis. Ibid., Spleenwort, Rough, Polypodium. 1777Jacob Catal. Plants 61 Osmunda Spicant, Rough Spleenwort. 1785Martyn Lett. Bot. xxxii. (1794) 489 Rough Spleenwort [note, Osmunda Spicant] has lanceolate, pinnatifid fronds.
†3. A pteroid fern, Lonchitis. Obs.
By some early botanists confused with Asplenium.
1579Langham Gard. Health 616 Splenwort, or Lonchitis, is very good against the hardnes, stopping, and swelling of the milt. 1597Gerarde Herbal 979 Lonchitis Maranthæ, Bastard Spleenewort. 1753Chambers's Cycl. Suppl., Lonchitis, spleenwort,..the name of a genus of plants.
4. U.S. A species of cactus.
1846–50A. Wood Class-bk. Bot. 275 Cereus Phyllanthus...Spleenwort... Flowers white.
5. Comb., as spleenwort-leaved, spleenwort-like adjs.
1753Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. s.v. Filix, The spleenwort leaved..Portugal fern. Ibid., The spleenwort like..African fern. 1786Abercrombie Arr. in Gard. Assist. 30 Liquid⁓ambar,..Spleenwort-leaved. 1841Penny Cycl. XXI. 229/2 Senecio hastatus, the spleenwort-leaved groundsel. |