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单词 railroad
释义 I. railroad, n.|ˈreɪlrəʊd|
Also 8–9 rail road, rail-road.
[f. rail n.2 4. Now chiefly U.S., the usual term in Great Britain being railway.]
1. a. = railway 1.
1757in Trans. Hon. Soc. Cymmrodorion 1897–98 (1899) Laying rails or making a railroad to the pits from the main or great road.1771T. Pennant Tour in Scotl. 1769 29 The collieries lie at different distances..and the coal is brought down in waggons along rail roads.1775Smeaton Rep. (1837) II. 411 It seems perfectly practicable to carry the coals upon a rail-road.1793Edystone L. §167 note, The timber road, commonly called at the Collieries, where they are used, a Rail Road.1805Trans. Soc. Arts XXIII. 318 A horse employed on a rail⁓road.1832Act 2 & 3 Will. IV, c. 64 Sched. O. 40 Along Smithsons railroad to the point at which the same meets the Dewsbury road.1855‘Q. K. P. Doesticks’ Doesticks what he Says xvi. 138 Every stitch was as long as a railroad.1873‘Mark Twain’ Gilded Age xvii. 163 Yes, this is the railroad, all but the rails and the iron-horse.1888Ruskin Præterita III. iv. 174 You enterprised a railroad..you blasted its rocks away... And now, every fool in Buxton can be at Bakewell in half-an-hour, and every fool in Bakewell at Buxton.1949Sun (Baltimore) 28 Sept. 14/5, I came along the old railroad to town this morning.
b. = railway 1 b.
1852C. Fox Old Friends (1882) 276 The speculum [of Lord Rosse's telescope]..has its own little railroad, over which it runs into the cannon's mouth.
2. a. = railway 2.
1825T. Tredgold Rail-Roads & Carriages i. 15 The Surrey rail-road commences on the south bank of the Thames, near Wandsworth..and proceeds..to Croydon, and from thence..to Merstham, making a total distance of about 18 miles.1830M. Edgeworth Let. 18 Oct. (1971) 419 A regular communication goes on now by trains of cars on this railroad backwards and forwards to Liverpool and Manchester.1831Scott Ct. Rob. Introd., The giddiness attendant on a journey on this Manchester railroad.1835Moore Mem. (1856) VII. 95 To Liverpool by the railroad; a grand mode of travelling.1856Ruskin Mod. Paint. III. iv. xvii. §35 Your railroad..is only a device for making the world smaller.1969New Statesman 4 July 23/3 I'd also like to know whether the late Peter Arno coined, or merely repeated, three of his cartoon captions..‘What a way to run a railroad’.1976New Yorker 16 Feb. 75/1 Here, at last, is an explanation of why the railroads in the United States have been decaying.
fig.1847Hamilton Let. to De Morgan 5 Mathematicians..leaving the level railroad of their own [science].
b. pl. Railway shares.
1848J. J. Ruskin Let. 17 Mar. in M. Lutyens Ruskins & Grays (1972) xi. 98 If you do not..deceive yourself or are led to plunge farther into Railroads—your situation is much better than I expected.1916C. Sandburg Chicago in Poetry Mar. 191 Hog Butcher for the World, Tool Maker, Stacker of Wheat, Player with Railroads and the Nation's Freight Handler.1957[see Dow-Jones].1964Financial Times 12 Mar. 3/1 All the Dow Jones Indices made headway, with new all-time closing peaks again recorded by Industrials and Railroads.
3. attrib. and Comb. (cf. railway 3).
a. attrib., as railroad agent, railroad bill, railroad bookstand, railroad box-car, railroad brakeman, railroad camp, railroad car, railroad carriage, railroad charge, railroad coach, railroad companion, railroad company, railroad conductor, railroad conveyance, railroad crew, railroad cut, railroad depot, railroad detective, railroad engineer, railroad equipment, railroad fare, railroad hat, railroad hotel, railroad land, railroad line, railroad man, railroad map, railroad omnibus, railroad pace, railroad pass, railroad police, railroad president, railroad security, railroad shares, railroad speed, railroad spur, railroad station, railroad town, railroad track (also as v. trans.), railroad train, railroad travelling, railroad tunnel, railroad whistle.
1859Redpath & Hinton Handbk. Kansas Territory ii. 24 Select your route before buying your ticket, without consulting any *railroad agent.
1838Civil Eng. & Arch. Jrnl. I. 296/1 The Aylesbury and Thame *Railroad Bill.
1847F. A. Kemble Rec. Later Life (1882) III. 289 One of those pale green volumes headed, ‘Reading for Travellers’, to be found on all the *railroad bookstands.
1976Billings (Montana) Gaz. 4 July 1-c/3 ‘Beet shacks’ vary in luxury. But few are as primitive as the old *railroad boxcars that once housed migrants and still dot the area.
1898Kansas City Star 18 Dec. 2/3 Grant Meade became a *railroad brakeman.1976Washington Post 19 Apr. c1/2 When Mack was born in 1902 in Greeley, Colo., his father, a railroad brakeman, named him William Edward Maguiness.
a1927F. M. Canton Frontier Trails (1930) ii. 33 Stolen cattle were driven into *railroad camps and sold to contractors at half their value.1977H. Fast Immigrants 11 He was nursed in railroad camps while his father drove spikes and handled steel rails.
1830Mechanics' Press (Utica, N.Y.) 17 Apr. 183/3 Prizes..are offered on the following subjects: Iron castings,..Steam Carriages, *Rail Road Car, [etc.].1863B. Taylor H. Thurston v. 71 We ask that his boasted chivalry be put into practice, not merely in..giving us his seat in a railroad-car.1923C. R. Cooper Under Big Top i. 4 A circus..has its own railroad cars.1967N.Y. Times (Internat. Ed.) 11–12 Feb. 4/6 The snow, loaded in 14 railroad cars, arrived here yesterday as Chicago officials sought to clear out some of the nearly 40 inches that has fallen there since Jan. 26.
1839Parkin in Barlow Railw. Eng. Wheels (1848) 26 Improvements in *railroad and other carriages.1865Ruskin Sesame i. 85 Your one conception of pleasure is to drive in railroad carriages round their aisles.1979A. Hollar tr. W. Schivelbusch's Railway Journey (1980) vi. 92 The entirely different development of the railroad and the railroad carriage in the United States.
1848Amer. Railroad Jrnl. 29 July 481/1 We wish to call attention to the subject of *railroad charges, for passengers and freight.
1833Niles's Reg. XLIV. 98/2 Comfortable naps may be taken in the *rail-road coaches, if desired.1839Bowdler Sunday Trains 15 Proprietors of Railroad coaches.
1848J. H. Newman Loss & Gain 363 The troubled thoughts from which his *railroad companion had extricated him.
1815New Jersey Acts 69 The New-Jersey Rail Road Company. Said president and directors so to be chosen shall be called The New-Jersey *Rail Road Company.1825Hone Every-day Bk. I. 173 Twenty Rail Road Companies.1903E. Johnson Railway Transportation 73 The railroad company derives its powers from a charter granted to it by the State.1979A. Hollar tr. W. Schivelbusch's Railway Journey (1980) ii. 35 The railroad companies' monopoly on transportation.
1842Liberator (Boston) 21 Jan. 10/1 The kingly power of a *rail-road conductor.1942E. Paul Narrow St. vii. 61 The time came for Mariette to marry the railroad conductor of her choice.1967Railroad conductor [see brakesman 2].
1825Wood Pract. Treat. Railroads Introd. 1 The acknowledged importance of *Railroad conveyance.
1976Times 23 July 11/6 Buffalo Bill..had been..buffalo hunter for a contractor supplying food to the Kansas Pacific *railroad crews.
1862Rebellion Rec. V. ii. 403 On Friday morning we held the ridge, in front of which runs an incomplete *railroad-cut.1940Quiz on Railroads & Railroading (Assoc. Amer. Railroads) Quest. 13 What is a railroad cut? When the right-of-way of a railroad is cut through a hill, knoll or slope to provide a roadway, the excavation is called a cut.
1836Southern Lit. Messenger II. 735 Away we whirled with great rapidity to the *railroad depot, where the cars were ready to receive us.1980L. St. Clair Obsessions i. 36 Companies of Red troops..were marching toward the railroad depot.
1903R. L. McCardell Conversations Chorus Girl 78 Aunt Em says the *railroad detectives seen him in a saloon.
1942Z. N. Hurston Dust Tracks on Road xii. 229 De white man..he was a *railroad engineer.
1976A. White Long Silence vi. 44 The signals office contained the latest *railroad equipment.
1910N.Y. Even. Post 17 Dec. 7 The round-trip *railroad fare will be $6.80.
1957J. Kerouac On Road i. iii. 15 All the men were..wearing *railroad hats, baseball hats.
1869Bradshaw's Railway Manual XXI. 427 Expended..*Railroad hotel—$6,082.
1872F. F. Victor All over Oregon & Washington xvi. 188 The *railroad lands will be mostly taken in the foot-hills.1872Newton Kansan 17 Oct. 3/3 Mr. Wm. B. Blake..having purchased railroad land east of town, is about building a fine residence thereon.1908Pacific Monthly Jan. 6/1 The people on the railroad lands began to want deeds.
1841Punch 16 Oct. 165/2 The infernal smashes that have recently taken place on several *railroad lines.1979A. Hollar tr. W. Schivelbusch's Railway Journey (1980) vi. 98 American railroad lines proceed by curves.
1845Thoreau Jrnl. 14 July in Writings (1906) VII. 366 *Railroad men who take care of the road.1980L. St. Clair Obsessions i. 21 The yard superintendent tells us you are a good railroad man.
1976J. Lee Ninth Man 70 He would need *railroad maps and timetables.
1858C. M. Yonge Christmas Mummers i. 9 They had actually hopes of being able to hire the *railroad omnibus.
1838Dickens Let. 20 May (1965) I. 400, I hope to make a great dash tomorrow, however, to proceed at *railroad pace.1840Thackeray Catherine i, Hope, glory,..and such subjects,..whirled through their brains at a rail⁓road pace.
1895W. H. Chambliss Diary 48, I did not come out on one of those *railroad passes especially designed for the accommodation of senators.1976New Yorker 15 Nov. 41/3 They also included bookplates, letterheads, railroad passes, commercial paperweights and music sheets.
1913J. London Valley of Moon in Cosmopolitan July 241/1 Up Pine Street..was coming a rush of *railroad police..firing as they ran.1914Sat. Even. Post 4 Apr. 52/3 The train slowed down. The Kid swung off. He feared the railroad police in the terminal yards.
1892‘Mark Twain’ Amer. Claimant xiv. 134 There isn't a lawyer, doctor, editor, author, tinker, loafer, *railroad president, saint..in the United States that wouldn't jump at the chance.1949Chicago Daily News 9 Aug. 10/5 His chance of becoming an American railroad president is probably about one in ten million.
1912*Railroad security [see killing vbl. n. 2].
a1839Praed Poems (1864) II. 221, I ask the price of *rail-road shares.
1840[R. E. Hill] Pinch of Snuff 59 Intellect and refinement..now progress at *rail⁓road speed.1859C. E. DeLong in Calif. Hist. Soc. Q. (1931) X. 45 Committee convened..hurried through at rail road speed.
1976National Observer (U.S.) 12 June 4/2 It includes..construction of a *railroad spur into the plant.1978S. Sheldon Bloodline xvi. 191 A nest of research buildings, manufacturing plants, experimental laboratories, planning divisions, and railroad spurs.
1837Civil Eng. & Arch. Jrnl. I. 77/2 Entrance to a *Rail⁓road Station.1875Ruskin Fors Clav. lvii. 250 The main railroad station at Birmingham.1923R. Herrick Homely Lilla xi. 172 She passed the county building on her way from the railroad station.1976National Observer (U.S.) 22 May 19/3 Sadly, a beautiful stone railroad station in the hamlet of Slingerlands is gone, replaced by a fire station.
1872F. F. Victor All over Oregon & Washington xvi. 188 Some parcels, lying along the lines of the roads, or near *railroad towns, will increase considerably in value during the current year.
1834Knickerbocker V. 53 *Rail-road tracks are projecting in all directions.1858O. W. Holmes Aut. Breakf. T. i. (1859) 11 Boys that put coppers on the railroad tracks.1947Southern Folklore Q. Dec. 265 One of the most vivid of these images is one which describes a person's squirming ‘like a country mule hitched beside the railroad track’.1973M. R. Crowell Greener Pastures 54 Apple maggots have railroad-tracked the flesh of others [sc. apples].
1836Amer. Jrnl. Sci. & Arts XXX. 382 The vibrating effects of a passing *rail road train.1922C. Sandburg in Bookman (U.S.) LV. 151 The little flivs of women, ready to throw themselves in front of *railroad trains for men they love.
1837H. Martineau Soc. Amer. II. 180 *Railroad travelling in America is very fatiguing and noisy.
1836Amer. Jrnl. Sci. & Arts XXIX. 73 The length of this *Rail Road tunnel is eight hundred and seventy-seven feet.
1854A. M. Murray Lett. from U.S. (1856) 149 It does seem an extraordinary recklessness which causes these dreadful occurrences, when *railroad whistles would guard against them.
b. objective and obj. gen., as railroad director, railroad manager, railroad proprietor, railroad scalper (see quot.), railroad-wrecking adj.; railroad-building vbl. n.
1873‘Mark Twain’ Gilded Age xxiii. 216 Philip devoted himself day and night..to the science of *railroad-building.
1849J. J. Ruskin Let. 4 June in M. Lutyens Ruskins & Grays (1972) xxiii. 211 We have not heard a word from Scotland..of John's Book... If *Railroad Directors ever trouble themselves with such work, I should like to hear their notion of it.
1848Amer. Railroad Jrnl. 29 July 482/3 In a short time, the *railroad managers found that it would be convenient to grant to this company the use of their canal.
1839Bowdler Sunday Trains 16 The *Railroad proprietors are men of property.
1892Stevenson & L. Osbourne Wrecker 43 He became a *railroad-scalper..its essence appears to be to cheat the railroads out of their due fare.
1898Engineering Mag. XVI. 71 The *railroad-wrecking plant, especially the heavier types of steam derricks, will be found of great value.
c. railroad bull, a policeman or detective on a railroad; railroad bunk-car, an old sleeping-car used as quarters for railway workers; railroad commission, a committee appointed to guard the public interest in relation to railroads; so railroad commissioner; railroad-creeper = railway-creeper; railroad euchre: see euchre n. 1; railroad fever, (a) enthusiasm for the construction of railroads; (b) a passion for riding on trains; railroad flat U.S., a flat consisting of a series of long, narrow rooms; railroad guide, a railway timetable; railroad king, a leading business man in the railroad industry; railroad service, in real tennis, an overhead service (see quot. 19611); railroad tie, a railway sleeper; railroad worm, the larva or the adult female of the South American beetle, Phrixothrix tiemanni, of the family Phengodidæ, which bears luminous red and green patches on its body.
1941S. Longstreet Last Man around World xxxiii. 357 Hobo and *railroad bull..and people who once shook hands with Warren G. Harding..fill the land.1945Railroad bull [see mesquite, mesquit2 1 b].
1961H. Garner Ten for Wednesday Night 131 It had probably been some native-born jerk in a *railroad bunk-car or construction boarding-house..who had named him.
1887Statutes at Large U.S.A. XXIV. 384 Investigate any complaint forwarded by the railroad commissioner or *railroad commission of any State or Territory.1913R. M. La Follette Autobiogr. vi. 238 He was now making a dogged fight for a railroad commission to regulate rates.1914Cycl. Amer. Govt. III. 109/1 At the beginning of the twentieth century, nearly every state in the United States had a railroad commission.
1845Massachusetts Acts & Resolves 582 The Governor..shall appoint..five persons, who shall, together, constitute ‘the Board of *Rail-road Commissioners’.1946S. H. Holbrook Lost Men of Amer. Hist. xii. 262 He was made railroad commissioner of Iowa.
1891Kipling & Balestier Naulahka v, The mauve *railroad-creeper on the station.
1852Oregon Statesman 20 Jan. 1/6 The people up country are likewise agitated with the *railroad fever.1880Bradstreet's 15 Sept. 8/1 A railroad fever is pervading various portions of the state.1899‘J. Flynt’ Tramping with Tramps i. ii. 53 The tramp's theory of them [sc. runaway boys], is that they are possessed of the ‘railroad fever’.
1956B. Malamud in New Yorker 22 Sept. 149/1 A five-room *railroad flat above a butcher store.1962S. J. Perelman Rising Gorge 283 His apartment, a railroad flat... Halfway down its central corridor, Barber flung open a door.
1859L. D. Tierney Hist. Gold Discoveries on South Platte River 25 Persons starting from points east of Chicago, by obtaining a *railroad guide, can easily estimate the distance and cost of travel for themselves to that point.
1868Commercial & Financial Chron. VI. 295/1 The *railroad kings..have entered the lists.1871Mrs. Stowe My Wife & I xvi. 176 He is a rail⁓road king—a prince of stocks—a man going with a forty thousand steam power through New York waters.1890W. James Princ. Psychol. I. xiv. 579 Such new attributes as make up the notions of a ‘railroad king’.1903T. M. Tarbell in McClure's Mag. Jan. 254/2 The acquiescence of the ‘railroad kings’..was followed by an unwilling promise to break the contracts with the company.
1898Kennedy & Cohen in W. A. Morgan ‘House’ on Sport I. 421 His *railroad service did not have nearly the effect he expected.1959Times 6 May 4/3 Hampel who set up a promising attack based on a railroad service.1961J. S. Salak Dict. Amer. Sports 352 Railroad service (court tennis)—an overhead service delivered by the server standing near the wall between the last gallery and the dedans wall.1961Times 13 Jan. 16/2 Each showed skill in handling the other's rail⁓road service.
1856*Railroad tie [see Douglas1].1877[see fencing post].1927[see bohunk].1935Z. N. Hurston Mules & Men i. iv. 86 They were accustomed to strange women dropping into the quarters, but not in shiny gray Chevrolets. They usually came plodding down the big road or counting railroad ties.1977R. E. Harrington Quintain viii. 78 The railroad-tie steps that led down to the terrace.1979Arizona Daily Star 5 Aug. (Advt. Section) 9/5 Railroad ties, $9 ea.
1944E. N. Harvey in Jrnl. Cellular & Compar. Physiol. XXIII. 31 (heading) The nature of the red and green luminescence of the South American ‘*railroad worm’.1973C. A. Villee et al. Gen. Zool. (ed. 4) iv. 79/2 One of the more spectacular luminescent creatures is the ‘railroad worm’ of Uruguay, the larva of a beetle, which has a row of green lights on each side of its body and a pair of red lights on its head.
Hence ˌrailroadiˈana, matters pertaining to railroads; ˈrailroadish a., resembling a railroad in speed; ˈrailroadship nonce-wd., connexion by means of railroads.
1838(title) Railroadiana. A New History of England.1855Smedley H. Coverdale i. 3 A little too railroadish, perhaps, unless a man's in an awful hurry.1883National Baptist (U.S.) XIX. 700 Connecting the three Americas..in one bond of railroadship.
II. railroad, v.|ˈreɪlrəʊd|
[f. prec. n.]
1. trans.
a. To furnish (a country) with railroads.
b. To engross (the mind) in railroads.
c. transf. To mark with parallel lines.
a1847Eliza Cook Poems II. Pref. 5 The public mind seems nearly as much railroaded as the country.1893A. Robertson Fra Paolo Sarpi 26 The modern practice of ‘railroading’ Bibles.1894Blackw. Mag. Dec. 788/2 Nearly every country except China has been railroaded.
2. a. To transport by means of the railroad.
1893Leland Mem. II. 69 We were marched and rail⁓roaded back to Philadelphia.
b. orig. U.S. To accomplish (an action) with great speed; to ‘rush’ (a person or thing) to or into a place, through a process, occas. from a position, etc. Also const. without prep., to hustle, to coerce.
1884Amer. Law Rev. in Law Times LXXVII. 104/2 The way men are railroaded to the gallows in that country.1898Educat. Rev. (U.S.) XV. 465 This process of railroading a pupil through school.1917E. H. Hadlock Journalism & Authorship 23 ‘Rail⁓road’ means to rush matter through without the usual precautions against typographical errors.1924P. C. Macfarlane Tongues of Flame xxv. 222 They railroaded it [sc. the bill] through the senate before I was awake.1934J. M. Cain Postman always rings Twice xi. 123 If all cases were railroaded through that quick, it would do more to prevent crime than passing a hundred laws.1952Manch. Guardian Weekly 12 June 3 The most ruthless block railroads its man into the nomination.1958M. Dickens Man Overboard x. 151 How had he let himself be railroaded into this?1961A. Huxley Let. 5 May (1969) 911 I'm very thankful I didn't let myself be railroaded..into having half my tongue and a quarter of my neck cut out.1963J. N. Harris Weird World Wes Beattie vii. 83 Paget..had been primarily responsible for railroading the case through the magistrate's court.1967Boston Sunday Herald 7 May (Show Guide) 17/2 It is..unbelievable that he would railroad his alcoholic daughter..into a mental hospital.a1974R. Crossman Diaries (1976) II. 223 The timetable was fixed and it was railroaded through the Cabinet.1974News & Courier (Charleston, S. Carolina) 21 Apr. a1/1 Nixon's accusers then would be vulnerable to the charge they were trying to railroad him from office.1975B. Garfield Death Sentence xi. 59 Take all the time you want. Nobody wants to railroad him.
c. To send (someone) to a place of punishment with summary speed or by means of false evidence.
1877N.Y. Herald 9 Mar. 8/4 ‘Railroaded!’ Joe Coburn takes the cars for his ten years' home [i.e. Sing Sing].1900[see fair n.2 1 c].1930Sat. Even. Post 26 July 26/2 He broke up the best gang of counterfeiters the country ever saw... He went into the post-office department and rail⁓roaded six of the smartest mail workers that ever hit a prison.1935A. J. Pollock Underworld Speaks 94/1 Railroaded, sentenced to prison when innocent.1942E. Paul Narrow St. xv. 108 It was no new thing to the French to have undesirables railroaded and executed on one flimsy pretext or another.1964C. Chaplin Autobiogr. xxvii. 464 In spite of the absurdity of the charges there lurked in the back of my mind the possibility that I might be railroaded.1974Black Panther 27 Apr. 9/1 Concrete evidence smashed American military intelligence attempts to illegally railroad eleven Black sailors in U.S. military court here.
3. intr. U.S. To travel by rail.
1889Lit. World (Boston) 8 June 190/3 Now steaming along the coast, now railroading along the shore.
4. U.S. To work on the railroad.
1887C. B. George 40 Yrs. on Rail iv. 69 A couple of fast runs that were made while I was railroading in Vermont.1893Gunter Miss Dividends 52, I was born in Chicago,..and railroaded ever since I was corn high.
Hence railroaded ppl. a.
a1847Eliza Cook Rhymes by Roadside i, Time, with deep railroaded brow, Changes all things but horses now.
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