| 释义 |
sinful, a. and n.|ˈsɪnfʊl|
Forms: 1 synn-, 1–6 syn- (5 cyn-), 4–6 synne-; 2–3 sun-, 3 sune-; 2–3 sen-, 4 zen-; 3– sin- (3 sinn-, 6 sinne-); also 1–6 -full, 3 -uull, 3–4 -fol, -uol.
[f. sin n. + -ful. Cf. ON. and Icel. syndafullr (Norw. and Sw. syndfull, Da. syndefuld).]
1. a. Of persons, etc.: Full of sin; wicked, corrupt.
c825–[see b and c]. c950Lindisf. Gosp. Luke v. 8 Ᵹeong from me, forðon monn synnfull Am. 971Blickl. Hom. 43 Þa lareowas sceolan synnfullum mannum eadmodlice tæcan. c1175Lamb. Hom. 149 Þis is alle sunfulle monne leddre. c1200Ormin 12048 Nohht ne wære he þanne Godd Acc sinnfull mann & wrecche. c1250Kent. Serm. 31 in O.E. Misc., Se leprus signefieþ þo senuulle men. a1300Cursor M. 9050 Es nan sinfuller þan i. 1399Gower Praise of Peace 45 This sinful world was al paiene tho. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xv. 70 Þai call vs synfull and wikked. c1440Promp. Parv. 78/1 Cynfulle,..peccosus. 1500–20Dunbar Poems xc. 7 We synfull folk sulde be more deligent. 1526Tindale Romans viii. 3 In the similitude of synfull flesshe. a1586Sidney Ps. i. iv, They that sinne in sinfull breast do cherish. 1662Stillingfl. Orig. Sacræ iii. iv. 5 To execute his justice upon the sinful World. 1671Milton P.R. i. 162 His weakness shall o'ercome Satanic strength.., and mass of sinful flesh. 1781Cowper Truth 383 What is man? Sinful and weak, in ev'ry sense a wretch. 1849James Woodman ii, You will not find it in this sinful world.
b. absol. in pl. (with or without the).
c825Vesp. Psalter ix. 18 Bioð ᵹecerde ða synfullan in helle. c950Lindisf. Gosp. Mark ii. 16 He æt..mið synnfullum & bærsynniᵹum. c1175Lamb. Hom. 95 He nalde mid his to-cume þa sunfullen fordemen. a1240Lofsong in O.E. Hom. I. 209 Þuruh al þet ðu tawhtest and þoledest for sunfule in eorðe. 13..Cursor M. 104 (Gött), Scho..rayses þe sinful quen þai fall. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xix. 22 Synful aren solaced & saued bi þat name. 1624Fletcher Wife for a Month iv. v, Shame attend the sinful, I know my innocence.
c. absol. in sing. † Also with a, a sinful person.
c825Vesp. Psalter cxxxix. 4 Hald mec, dryhten, of honda synfulles. 971Blickl. Hom. 61 Þonne se synnfulla..his lif ᵹeendaþ. c1175Lamb. Hom. 85 Þe prost þet scal among cristene monkun þene sunfulle of sunne clensen. c1275On Serving Christ 25 in O.E. Misc., Þer is þe sunfulle vnsofte to beon Hwer he not no wey fyr for to fleon. a1300Cursor M. 13978 A seli sinful was sco þis. 1340Ayenb. 90 To wende þane zenuolle and connynge an speches. c1400Pol. Poems (Rolls) I. 317 Christ suffered a sinful to kisse his fete.
2. a. Of acts, etc.: Involving sin; characterized or marked by sin.
c1200Ormin 4182 Fra sinnfull word & werrc, Fra sinnful þohht & wille. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 8357 Help hom & vorȝif hom þulke sunuol dede. a1340Hampole Psalter xvii. 49 Þai ere eldid, þat is in þaire ald synful lyf. 1390Gower Conf. I. 365 For certein Somme of gold [they] acorden That thilke horrible sinfull dede Assoiled was. 1535Coverdale Wisd. iii. 13 Blessed is..y⊇ baren & vndefyled, which hath not knowne the synfull bedd. 1552Abp. Hamilton Catech. (1884) 4 It is..ane synfull and ane damnabil thing. c1600Shakes. Sonn. ciii, Were it not sinfull then striuing to mend, To marre the subiect that before was well? 1649Roberts Clavis Bibl. 160 Notwithstanding all Davids Piety and integrity he was overtaken with many sinfull failings. 1742C. Wesley ‘God of all power’ iv, Purge me from every sinful blot,..Cleanse me from every sinful thought. 1835J. H. Newman Par. Serm. (1837) I. iii. 42 Like that bad prophet at Bethel..while he sat at his sinful meat. 1866Geo. Eliot F. Holt (1868) 25 But many sinful things were highly agreeable to her.
b. Highly reprehensible. Also, as a strong intensive: excessive in manner or extent; ‘dreadful’, ‘wicked’. colloq.
1863T. G. Shaw Wine 33 He considered it ‘sinful’ to expend 10/6 on a bottle of any wine. 1880J. C. Harris Uncle Remus xxviii. 122 De way he stir up dem bees wuz sinful. 1920Wodehouse Damsel in Distress ii. 35 The money that boy makes is sinful.
Hence † sinfulhead, sinfulness. Obs.
c1250Gen. & Ex. 180 Wilde der..pine man wið sorwe and dred, And don hem monen his sinfulhed. a1400St. Bernard 541 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1878) 50 For I knowe my sunfolhede Boþe in word, þouȝt and dede. |