| 释义 |
lacto-|ˈlæktəʊ|
1. Used as combining form of L. lact-, lac milk: as in ˌlactobutyˈrometer, an instrument for estimating the amount of butter in a given quantity of milk; ˈlactocele = galactocele; ˈlactochrome Biochem., a yellow-orange pigment orig. extracted from milk and now identified with riboflavin; lactoˈflavin Biochem. [a. G. lactoflavin (Ellinger & Koschara 1933, in Ber. d. Deut. Chem. Ges. LXVI. b. 808)] = riboflavin; ˈlactogen Physiol., any lactogenic hormone; spec. = prolactin; lactoˈgenesis Physiol., the initiation of milk secretion; lactoˈgenic Physiol. [-genic], pertaining to or having the ability to initiate the secretion of milk; hence lactoˈgenically adv.; ˌlacto-ˈphosphate, a salt of lactic and phosphoric acids in combination; ˌlacto-ˈprotein, a normal albuminous constituent of milk; ˈlactoscope [see -scope], an instrument for ascertaining the purity of milk from the amount of resistance it offers to the passage of light; ˌlacto-thermometer, an instrument for ascertaining the temperature of milk; lacto-vegeˈtarian a., consisting of milk and vegetables; so lacto-vegeˈtarianism.
1884Health Exhib. Catal. 25/1 Graduated Cream Glasses, *Lactobutyrometer.
1855Mayne Expos. Lex., *Lactocele.
1879A. W. Blyth in Jrnl. Chem. Soc. XXXV. 532 After the liquid from which the galactin has been removed had been freed from the excess of lead by hydrogen sulphide, an alkaloïdal colouring matter, for which I propose the name of ‘*lactochrome’, may be separated by the addition of nitrate of mercury solution. 1914Jrnl. Biol. Chem. XVII. 261 The facts brought out by this investigation point very clearly to a very close relationship existing between the yellow lactochrome of milk whey and the urochrome of urine. 1936W. L. Davies Chem. Milk xi. 218 Milk from other species of mammals also contains lactochrome. It is present in human milk. 1953Fruton & Simmonds Gen. Biochem. xiii. 319 In 1879 Blyth described the isolation from milk of a yellow pigment (named lactochrome) which showed a striking green fluorescence... By 1936 the chemical nature of the yellow pigment of egg yolk and of milk had been established..; it was shown that this pigment, named riboflavin, is identical with vitamin B2.
1933Brit. Chem. Abstr. a. 847/2 (heading) *Lactoflavin, the pigment of milk. 1938Encycl. Brit. Bk. of Year 651/1 Recently it has been found that vitamin B2 consists of three components, lactoflavin, vitamin B6..and pellagrous preventing or p.p. factor. 1943Sumner & Somers Chem. & Methods of Enzymes xiii. 244 Various flavins were described, e.g., lactoflavin of milk, hepatoflavin of liver... The flavin of these workers was the same substance which is called today ‘riboflavin’, or sometimes, ‘lactoflavin’.
1946J. F. Fulton Howell's Textbk. Physiol. (ed. 15) liv. 1209 Both the onset and maintenance of lactation require *lactogen. 1952S. J. Folley in A. S. Parkes Marshall's Physiol. Reproduction (ed. 3) II. xx. 558 When first discovered it [sc. an anterior-pituitary protein hormone] was variously named prolactin (Riddle), galactin (Turner) and mammotropin (Lyons). Recent American practice tends to favour the terms lactogen or lactogenic hormone; the name prolactin is adopted in this chapter in accordance with English usage. 1962Endocrinology LXXI. 218/2 The Raben preparation.., although quite potent as a lactogen in the pseudopregnant rabbit,.. has little activity in the local intradermal pigeon crop assay. 1967Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. LVIII. 2307 The recent indentification of human placental lactogen (HPL), a polypeptide hormone which shares both biological and immunological properties with pituitary growth hormone (HGH).
1939Riddle & Bates in E. Allen Sex & Internal Secretions xx. 1089 *Lactogenesis is a response to this hormone which excites also—in both sexes—additional responses more ancient phylogenetically and perhaps more significant generally. 1948Lactogenesis [see galactopoieseis (galacto-)]. 1969S. R. Wellings in Reynolds & Folley Lactogenesis 5 Lactogenesis may be defined as the process by which full lactation is initiated in an already prepared mammary gland.
1933Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. XXI. 300 We have never observed milk secretion in normal or ovariectomized virgin guinea pigs uninjected with the *lactogenic hormone. 1946J. F. Fulton Howell's Textbk. Physiol. (ed. 15) liv. 1209 The lactogenic activity of pituitary extracts was first shown by Stricker and Grüter in 1928. 1952Lactogenic [see lactogen above]. 1969A. T. Cowie in Reynolds & Folley Lactogenesis 159, I now turn to the rabbit, the species in which the lactogenic role of the anterior pituitary was first discovered.
1969R. Denamur in Ibid. 60 Thus, *lactogenically prolactin modifies the polyribosomes by increasing their number in the cell.
1878A. Hamilton Nerv. Dis. 335 The syrup of the *lacto⁓phosphate of lime.
1864Reader No. 86. 239/2 A new albuminoidal substance found in milk..*lacto-proteine.
1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, *Lactoscope,..an instrument invented by M. Donne, of Paris, for ascertaining the opacity of milk, and thus estimating the richness of the fluid in cream.
1884Health Exhib. Catal. 25/1 Milk Thermometers..*Lacto-Thermometer.
1907Practitioner June 845 The *lacto-vegetarian diet..lessens auto-intoxication. 1929Encycl. Brit. VII. 359/1 A lacto-vegetarian diet which permits the free use of milk and eggs. 1951News Chron. 13 Dec. 3/2 Man was not designed for a purely vegetable diet. There was no objection whatever to lacto-vegetarian diet (this includes milk and eggs).
1940Nature 7 Dec. 726/2 It..looks as if the Briton's dietary will gradually shift, at least during the war years, towards *lactovegetarianism.
2. Used as comb. form of lactic acid or lactose: as in lactobiˈonic a., in lactobionic acid [tr. G. lactobionsäure (Fischer & Meyer 1889, in Ber. d. Deut. Chem. Ges. XXII. 362)], 4-(β-d-galactosido)-d-gluconic acid, C12H22O11: a syrup produced by oxidation of lactose; hence lactoˈbionate, a salt of lactobionic acid; lactoˈnitrile, a yellow liquid, CH3·CH(OH)·CN, that is the nitrile of lactic acid and is used in a method of manufacturing acrylonitrile; acetaldehyde cyanohydrin; lactoˈphenol, a mixture of approximately equal weights of phenol and lactic acid dissolved in glycerol and distilled water, used for mounting biological specimens.
1927Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 546 Barium lactobionate was methylated in a manner similar to that already mentioned. 1964Chem. Abstr. LXI. 16697 Ca lactobionate..may be used under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act as a firming agent in dry pudding mixes.
1889Jrnl. Chem. Soc. LVI. 485 Lactobionic acid, C12H22O12, is obtained when milk-sugar (1 part) dissolved in water (7 parts) is treated with bromine (1 part). Ibid. 486 Lactobionic acid is decomposed into galactose and gluconic acid when warmed with dilute mineral acids. 1967Kirk & Othmer Encycl. Chem. Technol. (ed. 2) XIII. 571 The sequestrant and emulsifying properties of lactobionic acid suggest a commercial potential, especially in the food industry, for this product.
1898Jrnl. Chem. Soc. LXXIV. ii. 509 When silicon tetrachloride is heated with mandelonitrile or lactonitrile, silicic acid and complex tarry products are formed. 1935Chem. Abstr. XXIX. 814 For prepg. an aliphatic cyanohydrin such as lactonitrile, reaction is effected between HCN and an aliphatic aldehyde or ketone such as acetaldehyde. 1961Ibid. LV. 8268 The alkyl and aralkyl α-hydroxy nitriles, i.e. lactonitrile, [etc.].., are effective reagents for the extn. of Au and Ag by cyanidation... Crude lactonitrile which is a by⁓product from the manuf. of acrylonitrile is inexpensive and very efficient.
1896Jrnl. R. Microsc. Soc. 481 M. J. Amann recommends the following fluids for preserving and imbedding mosses..(1) Lactophenol. 1929W. R. Taylor in C. E. McClung Handbk. Microsc. Technique iv. 139 A solution (Lactophenol) composed of lactic acid [etc.]..is very serviceable and may be used for mounting various materials, softening dried material (especially algæ) or decalcifying specimens. 1970Watsonia VIII. 140 Pollen grains stained with cotton blue in lactophenol.
Add:[1.] ˌlacto-ˌovo-vegeˈtarian a. and n., (a) adj., (of a diet) consisting only of dairy products, eggs, and vegetables; (b) n., a person who eats such a diet.
1940Jrnl. Amer. Dietetic Assoc. XVI. 222/1 Meat was not served, and the diets were essentially *lacto-ovo vegetarian. 1975New Yorker 17 Mar. 32/3 Technically, I'm a lacto-ovo-vegetarian, which means that I eat milk products and eggs as well as vegetables. 1977Washington Post 23 June e1/5 The low-calorie, low-sodium, low-cholesterol diet at the 40-acre ranch is lacto-ovo-vegetarian, made up of lots of whole grains, fresh fruits and vegetables with some eggs and milk products. 1987Times 6 Feb. 11/6 Even people who are lacto-ovo vegetarians fail to meet normal dietary goals.
lactopeˈroxidase n. Biochem., a peroxidase occurring in milk and saliva.
1943H. Theorell & Å Åkeson in Arkiv för Kemi, Mineral. och Geol. XVII. B. vii. 1 Agner's peroxidase, that occurs in cells belonging to the myeloic system, should be referred to as ‘myelo-peroxidase’, while the milk peroxidase should be called ‘*lacto-peroxidase’. 1970Biochem. Jrnl. CXVII. 779 Lactoperoxidase.., an enzyme present in various mammalian glands and in their secretions, catalyses the oxidation of thiocyanate by hydrogen peroxide. 1987Ibid. CCXLVII. 147 The haem prosthetic group of lactoperoxidase can be prepared from the enzyme in high yield by reductive cleavage with mercaptoethanol in 8m urea.
ˌlacto-vegeˈtarian a.: also as n., a person who eats only dairy products and vegetables; also, † a lacto-ovo-vegetarian.
1912Stedman Med. Dict. (ed. 2) 475/2 *Lactovegetarian, one who lives on a mixed diet of milk and milk products, eggs and vegetables, but eschews meat. 1977C. McFadden Serial xv. 37/1 Marsha Wilson had become a lacto-vegetarian since Kate had last seen her. 1987Bodybuilding Oct. 85/2 There's the lacto vegetarian who includes all dairy products in his/her diet except eggs. |