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calamine|ˈkæləmaɪn|
[a. F. calamine, ad. med.L. calamīna, app. (like the Ger. galmei, formerly kalmei:—calmīa) corrupted by the alchemists from L. cadmīa, Gr. καδµεία, καδµία, ‘calamine’.
Agricola supposed the name to be from calamus reed, in allusion to the slender stalactitic forms common in the cadmia fornacum (oxide of zinc from furnace chimneys).]
An ore of zinc: originally applied, like med.L. lapis calaminaris, and the cadmia of Pliny, to both the carbonate ZnCO3, and the hydrous silicate Zn2SiO4, H2O but chiefly, in France and England, to the former, which is an abundant and important English ore of zinc. The silicate, found in Carinthia, Hungary, Belgium, New Jersey, etc., is distinguished as siliceous calamine or electric calamine.
The chemical difference between the two ores was established by Smithson in 1802; in 1807 Brongniart unfortunately chose calamine as the mineralogical name of the silicate, leaving the other ore as zinc carbonatée, which Beudant in 1832 named smithsonite. This nomenclature is followed by Dana. But common English and French use (see Littré) continued to apply the name calamine to the carbonate; and in conformity with this Brooke and Miller in 1852 reversed Beudant's use of calamine and smithsonite. With British mineralogists, chemists, miners, and manufacturers, calamine therefore means the carbonate.
1601Holland Pliny II. 520 Some thinke it better to wipe..the dust from the Calamine with wings. 1683Pettus Fleta Min. ii. 18 Having here [in England] both the best Copper and Calamine of any part of Europe. 1794Sullivan View Nat. I. 470 Zinc in the state of calamine. 1799G. Smith Laborat. I. 243 Calamine is dug in mines about Mendip, etc. in the West of England. 1802Smithson in Phil. Trans. XCIII. 16 This calamine hence consists of—Carbonic acid, 0.352; Calx of zinc, 0.648. 1812Sir H. Davy Chem. Philos. 373 Calamine, which is a combination of zinc with oxygene and carbonic acid. 1839Ure Dict. Arts s.v. Zinc, The principal ores of zinc are the sulphuret called blende, the silicate called calamine, and the sparry calamine, or the carbonate. 1869Roscoe Elem. Chem. 231 Zinc Carbonate, an insoluble substance, occurring native as calamine. 1875Ure Dict. Arts III. 1187 Calamine is a mineral occurring usually in concretionary forms and compact masses, yellowish-white when pure..it is a normal carbonate of zinc..Calamine is worked in a rich mine of galena at Holywell..The second locality of calamine is in the magnesian limestone formation. 1877Watts Dict. Chem. V. 1067 Zinc occurs as carbonate, forming the ore called calamine; as silicate or siliceous calamine; as sulphide or blende.
b. attrib., as in calamine stone = lapis calaminaris (see calaminaris).
1601Holland Pliny II. 486 Brasse..Made..of the Chalamine stone, named otherwise Cadmia. 1761Hume Hist. Eng. II. xliv. 501 Oil, calaminestone, glasses..had been appropriated to monopolists. 1802Smithson in Phil. Trans. XCIII. 17 The smallness of these calamine crystals. |