| 释义 |
▪ I. scutcheon, n.1|ˈskʌtʃən|
Forms: 4 scochoun, 4–5 scochon, 5 skochonne, 6 scocheon(e, scotchion, -yon, skotcheon, 7 scotcheon; 4–5 skochen, 5–6 scochen, 6 schochen; 5 scoochion, 6 schoocheon, skoochion; 5 scotchyne, 5–6 skochyn; (5 scogion, scogen, skecon, squechon); 5 scouchon, 6 scoucheon, scou(t)chin, skouchin; 5 scuchon, 6 schuchion, scuchen, -in, -ion, skuchin, skuttchin, 6–7 scutchin, -ion, 7 schucheon, scutshion, skutchin, 6– scutcheon. Sometimes written 'scutcheon.
[Aphetic variant of escutcheon.]
1. = escutcheon 1. Formerly often † scutcheon of arms.
a1366Chaucer Rom. Rose 893 With losenges and scochouns. c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 99 For as scottis token þe skochen of armes of seynt george & here-bi traieden englischemen, so [etc.]. 1395E.E. Wills (1882) 4 Tapites of sute,..ypouthered with chapes and scochons, in the corners, of myn Auncestres armes. 1459Paston Lett. I. 477 Item, j. ball of coper gilt, embrauded rechely with j. skogen hongyng therbi. c1470Rauf Coilȝear 684 Greit Squechonis on hicht, Anamalit and weill dicht. 1486Bk. St. Albans, Her. b iv, Fesy target is whan a scogion or an engislet is made in the myddull of the cootarmure. Ibid. e iii b, It shall be shewyt in thys scoochon next folowyng. 1529More Suppl. Soulys Wks. 335/2 Setting vp oure skouchin & cote armours on y⊇ wall. 1527in Gage Hengrave (1822) 47 For xiij skuttchens with armes. 1540Wriothesley Chron. (Camden) I. 112 Which were all rychlie hanged with schuchions and targattes and banners. 1548Elyot Dict., Scutulum, a littell shielde or scouchin. 1555Eden Decades (Arb.) 342 The scuchen of armes gyuen to Colon by Don Ferdinando. 1578Lyte Dodoens iv. xxviii. 485 The leaues be smal and tender (triangled like a scuchion). 1588Shakes. L.L.L. v. ii. 567 My Scutcheon plaine declares that I am Alisander. 1601Lyly Love's Metam. i. i, I will hang my Skutchin on this tree in honour of Ceres. 1602Dekker Satirom. B 1 b, They [sc. flowers] sticke like the scutchions of madame chastity, on the sable ground. 1611Coryat Crudities 318 Betwixt two golden scutchins ouer the dore. 1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. v. i. 233 In the Crest and Scucheon of many Noble families. 1682Bunyan Holy War (1905) 218 His Scutcheon was the three burning Thunder-Bolts. 1718Pope Let. to Dk. Buckhm. Lett. (1737) 199 A vast arch'd window beautifully darken'd with divers scutcheons of painted glass. 1808Scott Marm. i. xii, And on the gibbet⁓tree reversed His foeman's scutcheon tied. 1820Keats St. Agnes xxiv, A shielded scutcheon blush'd with blood of queens and kings.
b. fig. = escutcheon 1 b.
c1440Gesta Rom. liv. 236 (Harl. MS.) God haviþe iij. scochens, scil. [the] powere, the whiche is the scochon of the fadir; he hathe wisdome, þe which is þe scochon of the sone [etc.]. 1683Apol. Prot. France iv. 18 Had not Heresie,..been so great a blot in her Scotcheon. 1780Burke Sp. Œcon. Reform. Wks. III. 246 Carefully avoiding a sort of blot in their scutcheon, which they think would degrade them for ever. 1838J. M. Wilson's Tales Borders IV. 151 You have blotted..the proudest scutcheon of England. 1843Lytton Last Bar. iv. v, A scutcheon as stainless as the best.
c. transf.
a1678Marvell Clorinda & D. 3, I have a grassy Scutcheon spy'd, Where Flora blazons all her Pride.
†d. Used for: A shield. Obs.
1600Holland Livy v. 215 Here are the fires of Vesta, here be the scutcheons come downe from heaven.
2. A hatchment. = escutcheon 2.
1711in Macgill Old Ross-sh. (1909) 152 Ane accompt off the Laird of Balnagowns ffuneral charges... Wm. Kerr painter in Nairne for Scutchins. 1739H. Walpole Let. to R. West 21 Apr. Priv. Corr. (1820) I. 19 The burial..was a most vile thing... No plumes,..led horses, scutcheons, or open chariots. 1781Cowper Hope 265 The busy heralds hang the sable scene With mournful 'scutcheons. 1814Byron Lara i. iii, A hundred scutcheons deck with gloomy grace The Laras' last and longest dwelling place. 1814Scott Ld. of Isles ii. xxviii, It..Rends Honour's scutcheon from thy hearse. 1850Thackeray Kickleburys (1851) 7 When Sir Thomas Kicklebury died..who does not remember the scutcheon with the coronet..that flamed over No. 36?
†3. A badge. Obs.
1442Coventry Leet Bk. 200 Sub Condicione quod habeant vnum Trumpet, prout infra fit mencio etc. & les skecons sub securitate inventa habebunt etc. 1530Palsgr. 267/2 Scochen a badge, escuisson. 1594G. Ellis in Buccleuch MSS. (Hist. MSS. Comm.) 25 He is upon a journey, messenger like, with a skuchin on his breast. 1598R. Grenewey Tacitus, Germanie vi. 270 For a skutchion of their superstition, they carry the pictures of wilde Boares.
4. Anything shaped like an escutcheon.
†a. A brooch. Obs.
1483Cath. Angl. 326/1 A scuchon, monile, & cetera, vbi a bruche.
†b. Arch. (See quots.)
1565Cooper Thesaurus, Tholos,..a scochen in the middes of a timber vaute where the postes reste. 1656Blount Glossogr., Thole, a knot in the midst of a timber vault, where the ends of the posts meet, called a Scutchin.
c. Horticulture. A piece of bark cut more or less in the form of a shield, and bearing a bud, for grafting between the wood and the bark of a stock. = escutcheon 3 d and shield n.[After F. en écusson (16th c. in Littré).] 1572L. Mascall Plant. & Graff. v. 34 The fourth maner to graffe..is to graffe in the scutchion. Ibid. 35 With the pointe of a sharpe knyfe softly raise the sayd shield or scutchion, round about, with the oylet in the middest. 1658Evelyn Fr. Gard. (1675) 63 After your scutcheon has put forth its first sap, you may prune it at top. 1706London & Wise Retir'd Gard. I. 162 The Figure of a Scutcheon ought to resemble that of a V, when 'tis taken off from the Stock with its young Shoot. 1759Mills tr. Duhamel's Husb. i. ii. (1762) 4 The tree might be grafted by a scutcheon.
†d. The plate of a gun-lock. Obs.
1631in Rymer Fœdera XIX. 315 For a whole Worke, consisting of the Pan, the cover of the Pan, the Scutchion, and the screw Pynn. 1783Justamond tr. Raynal's Hist. Indies IV. 82 Placentia..at present..supplies fourteen thousand four hundred [fire-locks], with the scutcheons of their locks.
e. A key-hole plate, a name-plate, etc. = escutcheon 3 c.
1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), Scutchion,..a small Plate of Iron or Brass to be set before a Lock. 1794W. Felton Carriages (1801) I. 162 The Keyhole is covered with a double Scutcheon. 1842Francis Dict. Arts, etc., Scutcheon,..an ornament put round a key hole, door handle, knob of a door, or other similar object. 1851Turner Dom. Archit. II. i. 10 The scutcheons of locks are frequently ornamented. 1875Knight Dict. Mech. 2078 Scutcheon, a name plate on a coffin, pocket-knife, or other object.
f. Zool. A large scale or bony plate, a scute.
1846Amer. Jrnl. Sci. Ser. ii. I. 368 The head and anterior part of the body [of this fossil fish] are covered with large osseous plates of scutcheons. Ibid. 369 The central lateral scutcheon plates. 1851Mantell Petrifactions v. §ii. 448 The teeth, spines, or fin-rays, tubercles and scutcheons, vertebrae,..are the only parts preserved in a fossil state.
5. attrib. and Comb., as (sense 1) scutcheon fashion; (sense 4 b) scutcheon-graft n. and vb., scutcheon-grafting; (sense 4 d) scutcheon lock; also scutcheon-like adj., scutcheonwise adv.
1614Selden Titles Hon. 353 The Baron is made by giuing him a square Ensigne, or Banner, but the Banneret, by an Ensigne in *Scutchion fashion.
1706London & Wise Retir'd Gard. I. 169 Make use of the Slit or the *Scutcheon-Graft.
1727Bradley's Fam. Dict. s.v. Grafting, Let them be *Scutcheon-grafted.
1706London & Wise Retir'd Gard. I. 159 In *Scutcheon-grafting we cut the Body of the Stock to Four Inches.
1600Surflet Country Farm iii. xvii. 454 The *scutcheon like graft. 1851Mantell Petrifactions v. §2. 439 [Blochius longirostris] has..scutcheon-like scales.
1850Chubb Locks & Keys 9 There is one adaptation of the principle of this lock, designed as a ‘*scutcheon lock’.
1693Evelyn De La Quint. Compl. Gard. I. 10 The most common and best Method of Graffing, is either cleftwise, or *Scutcheonwise.
▪ II. ˈscutcheon, n.2 Arch. (Hist.)
Modernized form of ME. scochon, scouchon, etc.: see scuncheon.
1850Parker's Gloss. Archit. (ed. 5) I. 417 Scutcheon,..an old name for the angles of buildings or parts of buildings, such as window-jambs, &c., but apparently for those only which are more obtuse than right angles.
▪ III. † ˈscutcheon, v. Obs. (? nonce-wd.)
[f. scutcheon n.1]
trans. To trick out on a scutcheon.
1596Nashe Saffron Walden Q 4 b, To approue his Heraldrie [he] scutchend out the honorable Armes of the smoakie Societie. |