| 释义 |
‖ satyagraha|saˈtjaːgraha|
[a. Skr. satyāgraha insistence on truth, f. satya truth + āgraha pertinacity.]
The Indian form of passive resistance, as formulated by M. K. Gandhi. Also transf. and attrib.
1920M. K. Gandhi Non-Co-operation (1921) 46 But all the painful experience that I then gained did not in any way shake my belief in Satyagraha or in the possibility of that matchless force being utilised in India. 1928V. G. Desai tr. Gandhi's Satyagraha in S. Afr. xii. 173 A small prize was therefore announced in Indian Opinion to be awarded to the reader who invented the best designation for our struggle... Sr. Maganlal Gandhi..suggested the word ‘Sadagraha’, meaning ‘firmness in a good cause’. I..corrected it to ‘Satyagraha’. Truth (Satya) implies love and firmness (Agraha) engenders and therefore serves as a synonym for force. I thus began to call the Indian movement ‘Satyagraha’, that is to say, the Force which is born of truth and love or non-violence, and gave up the use of the phrase ‘passive resistance’. 1929Daily Express 10 Jan. 1/5 The ex-soldiers expressed their intention of performing satyagraha until their leader was released. 1930Aberdeen Press & Jrnl. 7 Apr. 7/1 The ‘Untouchables’, dissatisfied with his campaign, have threatened counter satyagraha. 1955Times 5 July 10/5 But there were signs of official uneasiness; Sikh dignitaries were arrested before offering satyagraha, Press censorship was imposed in Amritsar, [etc.]. 1958Economist 26 July 280 Delay in producing this Bill was one of the grievances advanced by the Tamil minority when they launched their satyagraha campaign in the spring. 1963Times 3 May 12/2 Negro and white youngsters, organized by bodies such as the student non-violent coordinating committee and the south Christian leaders' conference, will be offering their own kind of satyagraha throughout the deep south. 1969Pioneer (Lucknow) 13 Aug. 7/7 A batch of 12 girls were taken into custody..when they staged satyagraha in support of a separate Telengana. 1976Times 23 Jan. 9/2 The opposition..is pursuing its campaign of satyagraha (non-violent demonstration) in traditional Indian style. 1980Times Lit. Suppl. 21 Nov. 1339/1 For him [sc. Michael Scott], the world desperately needs a moral force which will work for justice. He finds this in satyagraha, the soul-force, more positive than non-violence or passive resistance, an active weapon of good in its perennial fight against evil.
So satˈyagrahi (with pl. satyagrahi or satyagrahis), satˈyagrahist, an exponent or practitioner of satyagraha.
1928V. G. Desai tr. Gandhi's Satyagraha in S. Afr. xx. 233 Rama Sundara was the first Satyagrahi prisoner. Ibid. xlv. 468 Only thus could the Satyagrahis..bring their struggle to a triumphant end. 1930Aberdeen Press & Jrnl. 6 Mar. 8/6 He [sc. Gandhi] will be accompanied by a band of satyagrahists or home rule volunteers, who will march on foot. 1934H. Miller Tropic of Cancer 102 The little band of Satyagrahists imitated the devotion of their master. 1968H. J. N. Horsburgh Non-Violence & Aggression i. 22 Belligerents do, and satyagrahi do not, claim finality for their interpretation of a just settlement. 1976New Yorker 24 May 43/1 According to Gandhi, a satyagrahi, or votary of satyagraha, is governed by the belief that the soul can be saved from evil in the world, and so helped along in its search for Brahma, by truth and truth alone. |