| 释义 |
▪ I. punch, n.1|pʌnʃ|
Also 5–6 punche, 6 ponche.
[app. a collateral form of pounce n.1, used in certain senses, chiefly related to uses of punch v.1; or shortened from puncheon1, with which it is synonymous in nearly every sense.]
†1. A dagger; = puncheon1 1. Obs. rare.
c1460Play Sacram. 474 (Stage direction, Here shalle y⊇ iiij Iewys pryk yer daggeris in iiij quarters yus sayng)..Wt thys punche I shalle hym pryke.
2. a. An instrument or tool for pricking, piercing, perforating, or making a hole in anything; esp. for making holes or cutting out pieces of a particular shape; also for enlarging a hole already made, driving a bolt, etc. out of a hole (starting punch), or forcing a nail beneath the surface after it has been driven (driving punch). The name is also extended from the simple instrument to an appliance or machine of which it forms the essential part.
A punch may be actuated by percussion or by pressure; and, according to its purpose, the working end may be sharp, pointed, blunt, or hollow with a cutting edge; a punch for cutting out pieces of a particular shape may also impress a design upon these, and thus combine senses 2 and 3.
1505Nottingham Rec. III. 100, j. hamer de ferro; j. punche. 1523Fitzherb. Husb. §139 To graffe bytwene the barke and the tree..thou must haue made redy a ponche of harde wode with a stoppe and a tenaunt on the one syde. 1543Richmond Wills (Surtees) 43 Item v ponchys, one ponce with a stame iijd. 1546Langley Pol. Verg. De Invent. iii. x. 77 The Squire the Lyne the Shaue the Pricker or Punche were diuysed by Theodor a Samian. 1570Levins Manip. 189/1 A Punche, punctorium, pugio. 1703Moxon Mech. Exerc. 6 Drills are used for the making such Holes as Punches will not conveniently serve for. Ibid. 11 You must then make a Steel Punch to the size and shape of the hole you are to strike,..place the point of the Punch where the hole must be, and with the Hand-hammer..punch the hole. 1831J. Holland Manuf. Metal I. 214 The punch used in cutting nails consists of a cube of steel. 1833Ibid. II. 340 Far from becoming brittle, it will yield to the blows of the hammer and to the punch, which is used to enlarge the holes. 1839Ure Dict. Arts 660 In each of these apertures, there is a punch for the purpose of piercing the cards, slips, or pasteboards with holes. 1865H. Phillips Amer. Paper Curr. II. 27 Taking care to cut by a circular punch of an inch diameter, a hole in each bill. 1886J. M. Caulfeild Seamanship Notes 8, 2 Punches, 1 Starting, 1 Driving.
b. Often with a prefixed defining word indicating (a) the user or use, as conductor's punch, cooper's punch, hand punch, pinking punch, pipe-slotting punch; or (b) the substance punched or the nature of the hole or impression made, as belt, buttonhole punch, eyelet punch, leather punch, nail punch, paper punch, rail punch, sheet-metal punch, ticket-punch, wad-punch, wadding-punch. (But any of these, or of the following, may, when its kind is known from the context, be called simply ‘punch’.) Also bell-punch, a conductor's or ticket punch having a signal-bell which announces the punching of a ticket; centre or centering-punch: see centre n. 19; cold-punch, a punch used for perforating cold metal; duplex punch, (a) a punch having a counter die on the opposite jaw; (b) one whose force is derived from the rolling action of two levers on a common fulcrum; gang punch, a number of punches arranged in a single stock; hollow punch, a hollow circular chisel-edged punch used for cutting smooth holes in yielding material; rasp punch: see rasp n.1 5; ratchet punch, a screw punching machine operated by a lever, pawl, and ratchet-wheel; sheriff's punch, an instrument formerly used by sheriffs in some ancient cities and boroughs for punching a mark on a freeman's copy or certificate of freedom at the time when he recorded his vote; spring punch, a punch which is drawn back after each stroke by means of a spring.
1703Moxon Mech. Exerc. 22 Smiths call all Punches they use upon cold Iron, Cold-Punches. 1875Knight Dict. Mech., The hollow punch is employed to make holes for rivets in leather..and on other occasions where a smooth, round hole is to be cut out of a yielding material. 1892Greener Breech-Loader 50 Deeply-cut furrows and meaningless scratches, put on by the dozen with a shading-punch. 1900Westm. Gaz. 18 May 5/2 Upon entering the flesh the front of the bullet acts like a wadding-punch.
c. Surgery. Formerly a instrument used for extracting the stumps of teeth. (Also, in 8 punce.) In mod. use, an instrument for removing a small piece of tissue from a patient.
1742Edin. Med. Ess. V. i. 461 The Punce has much better Effect in pushing from within outwards than in the common Way it is employ'd to thrust the Roots of Teeth from without inwards. 1842Dunglison Med. Lex., Punch, a surgical instrument, used for extracting the stumps of teeth. [1859S. D. Gross Syst. Surg. II. xi. 631 With a large, sharp saddler's punch the whole of the diseased structures..are then removed.] 1887Amer. Jrnl. Med. Sci. XCIV. 279 (heading) The cutaneous punch. 1897Syd. Soc. Lex., Punch,..name for a now obsolete form of dental elevator. 1915A. MacLennan Surg. Materials & their Uses vi. 220 It is almost impossible to get punches to cut clean, and a certain amount of tearing out of the uncut tissue must be expected. 1937C. G. Darlington in S. C. Miller Oral Diagnosis & Treatment Planning xxix. 496 Tissue forceps,..scissors, skin or biopsy punch, may be employed, depending on the type and location of the lesion. 1957G. L. W. Bonney in Rob & Smith Operative Surg. V. 250 The impactor punch is shaped at one end so as to fit on to the convex outer surface of the femur. 1978Nature 9 Mar. 171/2 Skin biopsies were taken from the upper back of 21–39-yr-old male volunteers with an electric biopsy punch 3 mm in diameter.
3. A tool or machine for impressing a design or stamping a die upon or into some material; in Coining and Die-sinking, a hardened steel cameo for forming a die; in Type-founding, a steel die having a letter cut in relief on its face, for making the intaglio impression in the copper matrix from which types are cast; in Plastic Art, a rod, handle, or wheel-rim having a figure or pattern upon it in relief for impressing a design on clay or any plastic material.
1628in H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Paint. (1786) II. 81 Patternes for the punches and stampes for his majesties coyne in the mynt. 1638in Dom. St. Papers CCCLXXII. Nos. 13 & 14 Cutting the Punches and Matrices belonginge to the Castinge of one sorte of letters. 1683Pettus Fleta Min. i. (1686) 97 Number and Mark every piece..with a small iron or steel Punch. 1688R. Holme Armoury iii. xxi. (Roxb.) 264/2 He [Punchard] beareth vert, a Punch, or Letter Punch, Argent... These are steele on the end whereof the letters are cut so that they are punched into the Matrice. 1822T. Bewick Mem. 59 Crests on silver and seals of various kinds, for which I made all the new steel punches and letters. 1853Humphreys Coin-Coll. Man. iii. (1876) 27 The idea of making the punch itself the vehicle of an ornamental design, as well as the die, marks another epoch in the art [of coinage]. 1880Grove Dict. Mus. II. 436/2 [In printing music] zinc has been of late used instead of pewter: the punches make a clearer impression. 1892Labour Commission Gloss. No. 3 Punch, the top half of the prints in which bolsters [of knives] are made. 1904Athenæum 21 May 656/2 A passage from the 42-line (Mazarin) Bible is closely imitated by types cast in leaden matrices produced by punches of hardened lead, obtained..from wooden punches.
4. A mason's chipping tool; = puncheon1 2 b. ? U.S.
1875in Knight Dict. Mech.
5. a. A post supporting the roof in a coal-mine: cf. punch-prop in 7. b. See quot. 1875. Cf. puncheon1 4.
1462Anct. Deed B. 3217 (P.R.O.) Cum idem Willelmus..dederit eisdem..omnia ligna sua boscum et subboscum..pro punches et proppes faciendis. 1875Knight Dict. Mech. 1833/1 Punch 5 Carpentry. Studding used to support a roof.
6. Hydraul. Engin. A lengthening block or extension piece placed on a pile that has been driven too low to be reached by the ram; a dolly.
Evidently derived from the driving-punch in sense 2.
1875in Knight Dict. Mech.
7. attrib. and Comb., as punch-cutter, punch-holder, punch-operator, punch-projector, punch-receiver; punch-struck adj.; punch biopsy Med., a biopsy in which a punch is used to remove tissue; punch card = punched card s.v. punched ppl. a. 2; punch forceps Surg., a punch consisting of two hinged parts like a forceps; punch graft, a graft of tissue removed (usu. from the scalp) by means of a surgical punch; so punch grafting vbl. n.; punch-mark, a mark punched on metal, a coin, etc.; punch-marked a., of a coin: bearing a punch-mark; punch-plate, see quot.; punch-press, a press designed to drive a punch for shaping metal; punch-prop, † -rod: see quots.; punch-ticket U.S., a railway or other ticket that has been punched.
1941Amer. Jrnl. Clin. Path. XI. 519 We have..performed *punch biopsies upon the livers of normal rabbits. 1955Twiss & Oppenheim Pract. Managem. Disorders of Liver, Pancreas, & Bilian, Tract xiv. 260 Punch biopsy of the liver can be used successfully to make an etiologic distinction between the different forms of cirrhosis. 1976Lancet 11 Dec. 1281/2 Some would not agree that punch biopsies should be routinely used on the face.
1945J. von Neumann in B. Randell Origins Digital Computers (1973) 355 These instructions must be given in some form which the device can sense: Punched into a system of *punchcards [etc.]. 1971K. Gottschalk in B. de Ferranti Living with Computer iv. 37 The punch cards embodying the program were deemed a manner of manufacture and not patentable. 1977New Yorker 29 Aug. 41/2 The production by the computer of punch-card decks representing the processed data.
1789(title) A Specimen of Printing Types{ddd}By William Colman, Regulator, And Richard Austin, *Punch-Cutter. 1818Gentl. Mag. LXXXVIII. ii. 595/1 Types..can be obtained by means of punch-cutters and letter-founders. 1896T. L. De Vinne Moxon's Mech. Exerc., Printing 403 The leading punch-cutter of his time.
1870Brit. Jrnl. Dental Sci. XIII. 497 A *punch forceps for punching holes in the backing for flat teeth, the peculiarity of which lay in the fact, that by a spring interposed between the jaws the plate was liberated from the punch directly the jaws of the forceps were opened. 1958J. H. Otty in Rob & Smith Operative Surg. VIII. xviii. 93 The antrum is opened by removing a chip of bone wide enough to insert a Hajek's punch forceps, with which the opening is enlarged to the size desired.
1959Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. LXXXIII. 465 Of a total of 284 *punch grafts, only one of the punch grafts failed to take. 1968Plastic & Reconstruction Surg. XLII. 446 (heading) Use of hair-bearing punch-grafts for partial traumatic losses of the scalp. 1976Daily Tel. (Colour Suppl.) 2 July 8/4 Punch grafts require umpteen sessions and are followed by 12-week intervals of frustration before anything grows.
Ibid. 7/3 Most bald men retain a permanent expanse of hair at the back and sides, and *punch grafting has shown that this hair survives even when transplanted into bald areas of the head.
1839Ure Dict. Arts 660 This plate g, shown also in section, is called the *punch-holder.
1853Humphreys Coin-Coll. Man. ii. (1876) 18 The back has a *punch mark in four rough compartments. 1879H. Phillips Notes Coins 1 The earliest of all known coins exhibit on the reverse only a shapeless punch-mark. 1888Hasluck Model Engin. Handybk. (1900) 90 A hole drilled through the point of intersection of these two scratches and through centre punch-mark on opposite side, will be both at right angles to the axis of, and exactly diametrically across the piston-rod.
1910Hastings Encycl. Relig. & Ethics III. 706/1 On account of this chief characteristic, the term ‘*punch-marked’ is commonly applied to this currency. 1960H. Hayward Antique Coll. 230/1 Punch-marked coins, flat, square silver coins of India of the last few centuries b.c. Surfaces covered with small punch marks of natural objects, animals and symbols, probably the marks of merchants and states guaranteeing the pieces.
1961Evening Standard 17 July 16/1 (Advt.), Data Processing Department. British Wool Marketing Board—Bradford. Immediate vacancies... *Punch operators. 1968Brit. Med. Bull. XXIV. 191/1 The data sheets are handed to a punch operator who types out the information on a keyboard which has a punch attachment.
1834–6Barlow in Encycl. Metrop. (1845) VIII. 334/2 This *punch plate..prepared for making a single row of holes, has a number of holes drilled in it in one line, at such distances apart as are suitable to the nature of the work to be executed.
1911W. J. Kaup Machine Shop Practice xviii. 180 Fig. 162 shows a typical modern *punch press. 1935O. W. Boston Engin. Shop Practice II. vi. 332 A punch press..is a gap or overhung type of fast, short-stroke press particularly suited for punching dies. 1976National Observer (U.S.) 5 June 7/1 When Nelson Amsdill gets off work as a punch-press operator, he heads for the Veterans of Foreign Wars Post 6691.
1839Ure Dict. Arts 660 These wires are called the *punch-projectors.
1851Greenwell Coal-trade Terms Northumb. & Durh. 40 *Punch-prop, a short prop, set upon a crowntree or balk, where it does not support the middle of the roof, on account of the place having fallen before the timber was set. Also, a short prop, about 14 or 15 inches long, placed by a hewer under his sump or back⁓end, when he is under apprehension of its dropping down before he has got it kirved sufficiently far.
1688R. Holme Armoury iii. 88/2 *Punch-rod, is [a] With or Wreathen stick turned about the Head of a fire punch, to hold it on to the hot Iron.
1900H. Hart Cent. Typogr. Oxf. 141 Each of these sets consists of 24 *punch-struck matrices for Greek Alphabets, of which I have only cast..example types of the alphas and omegas.
1887C. B. George 40 Years on Rail xi. 227 Many cases have been reported where in *punch-tickets the bits of pasteboard punched out have been saved and carefully glued in the old places. 1890Harper's Mag. May 908/1 A person..who by many punch-tickets builds up the fortunes of the stockholders.
▪ II. punch, n.2|pʌnʃ|
[f. punch v.1]
1. a. An act of punching; a straight or thrusting blow, in mod. usage generally one delivered with the fist; also (obs. or dial.) a kick; cf. pounce n.1 7.
1580Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong., Horion, a blow, as je te bailleray vn tel horion que, &c. I will giue thee such a punch, that, &c. 1687A. Lovell tr. Thevenot's Trav. i. 75 No sooner had he let go his Foot, but he gave him a punch on the Belly. 1760–72H. Brooke Fool of Qual. (1809) II. 18 [He] aimed a punch at Harry's stomach. 1818Scott Hrt. Midl. xiii, By a punch on the ribs [he] conveyed to Rory Bean it was his rider's pleasure that he should forthwith proceed homewards. 1820Byron Morg. Mag. lxiv, He gave him such a punch upon the head. 1840Hood Up Rhine 47, I couldn't help making a punch at the fellow's head.
b. transf. and fig. Forceful, vigorous, or effective quality in an activity or in anything spoken or written; vigour, weight, effectiveness. orig. U.S.
1911E. Ferber Dawn O'Hara xvii. 254 It lacks that peculiar and convincing quality poetically known as the punch. 1914‘I. Hay’ Knight on Wheels xvii. 162 The two clerks and the office-boy carried out their duties with what is known in trans-atlantic business circles as ‘a punch’. 1919H. L. Wilson Ma Pettengill ii. 64 A gripping drama replete with punch. Ibid. 75, I believe he now admits frankly that he wrote most of the play, or at least wrote the punch into it. 1921D. W. Johnson Battlefields of World War xii. 535 The attack lost its ‘punch’. 1926Glasgow Herald 1 Apr. 5 They lack for the most part the quality of ‘punch’ which we have come to regard nowadays as one of the principal essentials in a magazine story. 1933G. Arthur Septuagenarian's Scrap Book 307 Within a few days French, Americans and British were beginning a forward movement with the necessary ‘punch’ behind them of which the recent enemy assaults had been devoid. 1947E. African Ann. 1946–7 98/2 (Advt.), Are you satisfied your advertisements have the necessary punch to get their message across? 1955Sci. News Let. 27 Aug. 134/2 Radioiodine loses its punch within weeks. 1968Globe & Mail (Toronto) 13 Jan. 41/8 Oakland Raiders' coach John Rauch said yesterday his team..has the punch to score against the defensively rugged Packers. 1976Oadby & Wigston (Leics.) Advertiser 26 Aug. 16/3 Chances were created but there was just no punch up front.
2. Phr. to beat (someone) to the punch: of a boxer, to land a blow before his opponent can strike him; also transf., to anticipate or forestall someone in speech or action. to pull one's punches: see pull v. 17 b; to roll with the punches: see roll v.2 22 f.
1923H. C. Witwer Fighting Blood vii. 226, I beat Hanley to the punch..and he went down on his haunches. 1965Listener 1 July 6/1 The tracking station at Plumeur Bodou is the place that so exultantly beat Britain to the punch in getting the first pictures from America via the satellite Telstar. 1977Sunday Times 3 July 28/3, I feel a batsman uses it as he thinks he will beat a fast bowler to the punch.
3. attrib. and Comb., as punch-packed adj.; punch-packing ppl. adj.; punch-bag, a stuffed bag suspended at a suitable height on which boxers practise punching; punch-pull v. intr., to ‘pull one's punches’, to refrain from striking as hard as one can, or from expressing oneself forcefully; so punch-pulling vbl. n.
1889A. C. Gunter That Frenchman! 8 Sling from the ceiling a punch-bag such as prize-fighters train with. 1899Science Siftings 25 Mar. 329/2 A fifteen-minute controversy with an active punch-bag. 1927Daily Express 20 July 9/7 His trainer..ordered Dempsey not to box, but to use the punch bag and to shadow box. 1973D. Francis Slay-Ride ii. 25, I..woke at seven feeling like Henry Cooper's punchbag.
1963Times 25 Apr. 15/1 The year's most punch-packed novel.
1936Variety 17 June 26 (Advt.), The punch-packing short short stories of the screen.
1961New Statesman 23 June 1010/3 The Bishop taught him how to punch-pull on all outstanding emotional issues.
1959Listener 29 Jan. 224/2 There was some good photography..and a conclusion in which there was no punch-pulling.
▪ III. punch, n.3|pʌnʃ|
(Also 7 punce, paunch.)
[Origin uncertain; stated by Fryer, who travelled in Western India 1672–81, to be the Marāṭhi (and Hindī) word pānch (Skr. pañchan, Pers. panj) five, from its five ingredients, which may show an explanation then current in the East: but see Note below. The name is evidenced as early as 1632. Beside it, in 17th c., foreign writers have a name with a second element apparently representing punch (Du. palepunts, -ponts, Ger. palepunz, -bunze, Fr. bolle-, bouleponge), which is not explained by any eastern lang., but which appears to be an imperfect (perh. originally native) echo of the Eng. ‘bowl o' punch’, a phrase already very common in the 17th century. Mod.Du. pons, punch, Ger., Da., Sw. punsch, Fr. punch, in 18th c. ponche, Sp., Pg. ponche, are all from Eng. See Note below.]
1. a. A beverage now generally composed of wine or spirits mixed with hot water or milk and flavoured with sugar, lemons, and some spice or cordial; but varying greatly in composition with time and place. Usually qualified by the name of a principal constituent, as arrack punch, brandy punch, claret punch, gin punch, milk punch, rum punch, tea punch, whisky punch, wine punch.
How to mix Drinks (New York, 1862) describes 68 kinds.
1632R. Addams Let. to T. Colley, Merchant at Pattapoli 28 Sept. (Ind. Off. Rec. O.C. 1449), I am very glad you have so good compani to be with all as Mr. Cartwright, I hop you will keep a good house together and drincke punch by no allowanc. 1658Phillips, Punch, a kind of Indian drink [1696 (ed. 5) adds made of Lime-Juice, Brandy, and other Ingredients]. 1662Evelyn Diary 16 Jan., I accompanied the Duke to an East India vessell that lay at Blackwall, where we had entertainment... Amongst other spirituous drinks, as punch, etc. they gave us [etc.]. 1665R. Head Eng. Rogue i. lxxv, Going into China-row, (a street so called in Bantam) to drink Punce and tea. Ibid., I never came ashore, but I drank very immoderately of Punce, Rack, Tea, &c. which was brought up in great China-Jugs holding at least two Quarts. 1672W. Hughes Amer. Phys. 34 Rum..is ordinarily drank amongst the Planters, as well alone, as made into Punch. 1679Locke in Fox Bourne Life (1876) I. viii. 426 note, Punch, a compounded drink, (to be had) on board some West India Ships. 1683W. Hedges Diary in Bengal 8 Oct., Our owne people and mariners..are now very numerous and (by reason of Punch) every day give disturbance. 1683Tryon Way to Health 192 Their [sea-faring men's] drinking of that Liquor called Punch is also very Inimical to Health; For the Lime-Juice, which is one of the Ingredients.., is in its Nature, fierce, sharp and Astringent, apt to create griping Pains in the Belly. 1694Salmon Bate's Dispens. (1713) 589/1 Make a pleasant and grateful sort of Punch..with the following quantities. ℞ Fair Water: Brandy A. a Quart: choice pure Lime-juice a Pint: double refined Sugar lb j. mix and dissolve, and if you so please, add one Nutmeg grated. 1698Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 157 At Nerule is made the best Arach or Nepa de Goa, with which the English on this Coast make that enervating Liquor called Paunch (which is Indostan for Five) from Five Ingredients. 1719De Foe Crusoe i. 9 We went the old way of all Sailors, the Punch was made, and I was made drunk with it. 1725N. Robinson Th. Physick 216 Punch... The Ingredients are Brandy, Rack, or Rum, Water warm or cold, Lemon-juice, Sugar, and sometimes a little Milk is added, which denotes it Milk-Punch. 1739Elton in Hanway Trav. (1762) I. i. v. 15 We treated them with punch till our brandy was expended. 1811R. Fenton Tour Quest Genealogy 13 Punch, whose basis was strong green tea, richly inspissated with jellies.
b. In phr. bowl of punch.
1658T. Aldworth Let. to T. Davies in W. Hedges' Diary (Hakl. Soc.) III. App. 194 Your Company, which wee haue often remembered in a bowle of the cleerest punch, hauing noe better Liquor. 1671Kirkman Eng. Rogue iii. xxii, We had good sport over a bowl of Punch. 1675H. Teonge Diary (1825) 4 [On board the Ship Assistance.] I..dranke part of 3 boules of punch, (a liquor very strainge to me). 1685J. Dunton Lett. fr. New-Eng. (1867) 14 That which was the most esteem'd by every one was a large Bowl of Punch, a Liquor of that Noble and Divine Original that all the Gods and Goddesses..contributed to its Composition. 1751R. Paltock P. Wilkins (1884) II. i. 6, I set a bowl of punch before them, made with my treacle and sour ram's-horn juice. 1761Brit. Mag. II. 462 The captain..promising to regale him with a bowl of rum punch in the kitchen. 1837Dickens Pickw. xxx, A bowl of punch was carried up..and a grand carouse held in honour of his safety.
(β) Foreign adaptations app. of bowl o' punch.
[1653Boullaye-le-Gouz Voy. & Obs. 516 Bolleponge est vn mot Anglois, qui signifie vne boisson dont les Anglois vsent aux Indes faite de sucre, suc de limon, eau de vie, fleur de muscade, & biscuit rosty.] 1662J. Davies tr. Mandelslo's Trav. 18 [In 1638 at Surat] every man was at liberty..to drink Palepuntz, which is a kind of drink consisting of Aquavitæ, Rose-water, juice of Citrons and Sugar. 1671H. O. tr. Bernier's Relat. Voy. in 1604 in Voy. & Trav. (1745) II. 241 Since that they have taken care..that their people shall not drink so much Bouleponges. 1676Worlidge Cyder i. §6 Pale-puntz, here [England] vulgarly known by the name of Punch; a Drink..very usual amongst those that frequent the Sea, where a Bowl of Punch is an usual Beverage. 1684J. Morrison tr. Struys' Voy. xxxvi, There are many Strangers who destroy themselvs with drinking of a Liquor much in use there, called Palepunshen, being compounded of Arak, Sugar, and Raisins. [1687A. Lovell tr. Thevenot's Trav. ii. 96 The Francks use a Beverage there [in Persia], which they call a Bowl of Punch, and is cooling [orig. (1682) Les Francs y usent d'un breuvage qu'ils appellent Bolponze, qui rafraîchit]. ]
†2. Applied in Barbados to a drink fermented from sugar. Obs.
1657R. Ligon Barbadoes 32 [Besides strong drinks made from potatoes, cassavie, and plantine] Punch is a fourth sort: and of that I have drunke: it is made of water and sugar put together: which in tenne dayes standing will be very strong. 1660in Howell Lex. Tetraglotton.
3. With a and pl.
a. A bowl or drink of punch.
b. A party at which punch is drunk.
1682N. O. Boileau's Lutrin ii. 156 Brontin..Bethought himself, A Punch of Nappy Liquor In a Cold Winters Night was no false Latine. 1864Sala in Daily Tel. 6 Apr., There was a committee-room, which..had been converted into a bar, and there the consumption of rum-punches was enormous. 1871Daily News 5 Jan., One battalion invites another to what they call a punch. 1888Scott. Leader 26 Oct. 3 A ‘punch’ was given at Cherbourg on Wednesday night in honour of the officers of the Russian fleet. 1901W. Churchill Rich. Carvell i, He mixed a punch or a posset as well as any one in our colony.
4. attrib. and Comb., as punch-club, punch-glass, punch-kettle, punch-ladle, punch-maker, punch-pot, punch-room. See also punch-bowl, etc.
1807E. S. Barrett Rising Sun III. 125 The Premier armed himself with the punch-ladle. 1815Edin. Rev. XXV. 230 Frequents punch-clubs too frequently. 1822Scott Pirate xvii, A house..where the punch-kettle is never allowed to cool. 1827Drake & Mansfield Cincinnati in 1826 iii. 30 A spacious gallery, with commodious lobbies, punch room, etc. 1841Southern Lit. Messenger VII. 764/1 If you won't go home with me, you can take me down to the punch-room. 1849Thackeray Pendennis v, Was it the punch, or the punch-maker who intoxicated him? 1960Times 16 Apr. 9/3 A punch-pot measured about 9 in. across its globular body. 1971Canadian Antiques Collector Feb. 16/1 The Museum collection contains..a large and rare punch-pot, the cover with an attractive lemon knop.
Hence (nonce-words) ˈpunchery [after brewery, etc.], a place where punch is prepared; ˈpunchifier, a punch-maker; ˈpunchless a., without punch; ˈpunchy a., of the nature of punch.
1825Blackw. Mag. XVII. 119, I have..made it a standing order, that the punch be made in the *punchery. 1952John o' London's 1 Aug. 724/3 The eighteenth century had a forerunner of our home cocktail bar. This was the Georgian punchery, a magnificent assembly of..bowls, spice dredgers, crystal bottles..and a..punch ladle. 1962Times 20 Jan. 11/3 Well-stocked puncheries magnificently displaying colourful punch bowls.
1824Ibid. XV. 706 Our youthful friend is a promising *punchifier.
1821Ibid. X. 562 Breakfastless, milkless, tealess, soupless, *punchless.
1843Dickens To Felton 2 Mar. Lett. (1880) III. 47 A complication of *punchy smells. [Note. As to the origin of the name punch, Yule thought that ‘there is something of Indian idiom in the suggestion of Fryer’. But there are serious difficulties. The word for ‘five’ in the Indian vernaculars, Hindī, Guzarātī, Marāṭhi, etc., is pānch (in Anglo-Indian formerly spelt paunch), while the drink has uniformly been punch, and was by Fryer spelt paunch app. only to support the alleged derivation. The combining form of pānch, however, is panch- with short ă (= Eng. ŭ in but), as in Hindī panchāmrit a mixture of five substances, panchbhodra a sauce of five ingredients, panchgāvya the five products of the cow, etc.; and it has been suggested that punch may have been short for some such compound, as, in fact, panchāyăt ‘a council of five’ has been colloquially shortened to panch, punch n.6 But the history of English pronunciation shows that punch was in the early 17th c. pronounced not with the u in punt, but with the u in pull, put, as it still is in the north of England, and was by Dr. Johnson (‘Who's for Poonsh?’: see punch-bowl quot. 1791); which is confirmed by the 17th c. foreign renderings punts, puntz, punsch, etc. Now punch, so pronounced, does not represent either pānch or panch in Indian languages; which makes its origin from that source improbable. Moreover, the number of ingredients does not seem to have been at any time so fixed as to give origin to a name; some early writers give four, some only three, some six; since Fryer's time it has been usual to say ‘five’, but the fifth has been very variously specified. As several early passages show that punch was especially a seaman's drink, the Rev. C. B. Mount has suggested that the name originated not in India, but on the way thither, and may have been a sailors' shortening of puncheon, as that to which sailors would look for their allowance of liquor. See N. & Q. 10th s. IV. 401, 18 Nov. 1905, and subseq. articles to 27 Jan. 1906.] ▪ IV. punch, n.4 and a. Now chiefly dial.|pʌnʃ|
[Of uncertain origin. No words certainly related are found outside English.
It has been suggested that it is short for puncheon2; cf. Bav. dial. punzon a cask, also a short thick person or thing (Wedgwood); also that it is connected with bunch. But as Pepys, in quots. 1669 in Punchinello 2, and in A here, records the use of both Punchinello and Punch as appellations for a short and thick person or thing, it is highly probable that Punch in this sense, as well as in the next word, was in its origin short for Punchinello. As it is not certain whether the n. or adj. was the original, the senses are here arranged chronologically, on the hypothesis that the adj. B was an attrib. use of the n. A, and that an elliptical use of the adj. gave rise to the much later n. C.]
A. n. A name for a short fat man, or for anything short and thick. Cf. Punchinello 2. ? Obs.
1669Pepys Diary 30 Apr., Staying among poor people there in the ally, did hear them call their fat child Punch; which pleased me mightily, that word being become a word of common use for all that is thick and short. a1700B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Punch, a thick short Man. 1836T. D. Fosbroke in Gentl. Mag. Mar. 241/2 A juvenile figure of the best height, 5 f. 10 inch.; taller or shorter men being generally ill-made, knock-kneed, or Punches.
B. adj. Short and thick, stout. Now only dial.
Said esp. of horses, and so leading to use in C.
1679Lond. Gaz. No. 1418/4 Taken away from two Grooms on Monday,..a little gray punch Stoned Horse, hath all his paces,..about 14 hands. 1680Ibid. No. 1476/4 A strong punch Nag, with a star, trots all. 1702Ibid. No. 3855/4 He is a short punch Man. 1728Chambers Cycl. s.v., In the Manage, a Punch Horse, is a well-set, well-knit Horse; short-back'd, and thick-shoulder'd, with a broad Neck, and well lined with Flesh. 1820W. Irving Sketch Bk. (1859) 195 Garrick..was..‘a short punch man, very lively and bustling’. 1828Craven Gloss. (ed. 2), Punch, short, fat.
C. n. One of a breed of heavy draught horses (in full Suffolk Punches), characterized by a short and very thick-set body and neck, and short legs.
1813Sporting Mag. XLI. 37 The breed of horses, denominated Suffolk Punches. 1831Youatt The Horse 38 The Suffolk Punch, so called from his round punchy make. Ibid. 39 The Punch is not what he was. 1852P. Parley's Ann. 261 Riding..not on hunters or blood mares, but on sturdy Suffolk punches.
Hence † punch'd, † ˈpunching, † ˈpunchion adjs., of horses = punch a.: see B. above. Obs.
1703Lond. Gaz. No. 3881/4 A thick punching Horse between 5 and 6 years old. Ibid. No. 3959/4 A bright bay Nag,..short Punch'd, well Barrell'd. 1709Ibid. No. 4523/4 Stoln.., a bright Bay Nag, near 14 hands high, a very strong Punchion Horse.
▪ V. ‖ punch, n.6 East Ind.|pʌntʃ|
Short for panchayat; a council of five persons.
1862Beveridge Hist. India III. viii. vii. 487 All real power was usurped by the army, who exercised it by means of delegates called punches. 1864C. W. King Gnostics 199 In our times, with the Sikhs, to hold a Punch, or council of five was the formal mode of deliberating. 1867J. C. Marshman Mem. Havelock (1890) IV. 145 Their movements were regulated by punches or councils of five.
▪ VI. punch a.
see punch n.4
▪ VII. punch, v.1|pʌnʃ|
Also 4–6 punche, 5–6 pounch, 6 ponch(e, 7 punsh, Sc. punsche.
[app. a collateral form of pounce v.1; cf. the two forms ponson (or punson) and punchon in puncheon1. Perhaps also regarded as a by-form of punge v.]
I.
†1.
a. trans. To stab, prick, puncture with or as with a pointed instrument; = pounce v.1 6. Obs.
c1440Promp. Parv. 416/1 Punchyn, idem quod prykkyn. 1535Trevisa's Barth. De P.R. iv. x. 31/2 A hote fume, that poncheth [ed. 1582 puncheth, L. pungente] and nyppeth the senowes of the stomake. 1621Molle Camerar. Liv. Libr. v. vii. 346 That they might punch him with bodkins. 1664Power Exp. Philos. i. 2 A Proboscis..by which he [the flea] both punches the skin, and sucks the blood through it.
†b. fig. To pierce, prick (the heart, conscience, etc.). Obs.
a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VII 57 Euer punched, stimulated and pricked with the scrupulous stynges of domesticall sedicion and ciuile commocion. 1548Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Acts ii. 13 The same sweorde..whose edge hath punched and stricken the Jewes hertes. 1602Marston Antonio's Rev. i. v, Does thy hart With punching anguish spur thy galled ribs?
2. a. To poke or prod, esp. with a stick or other blunt implement. Now esp. in N. Amer. use, To drive cattle (by prodding them on). Also absol.
1382Wyclif Ezek. xxxiv. 21 For that that ȝe punchiden [1388 hurliden, Vulg. impingebatis] with sydis, and shuldris, and with ȝour hornis wynewiden alle seek beestis. 1542Udall Erasm. Apoph. i. cxxvii, Diogenes..beholding a young springal as he slept.., he pounched the same with his staffe. 1596Spenser F.Q. vi. ii. 22 Pounching me with the butt end of his speare. c1611Chapman Iliad vi. 126 With a goad he punch'd each furious dame. 1691Luttrell Brief Rel. (1857) II. 313, 2 other lords [were] puncht with the butt ends of muskets. 1833J. A. Roebuck Sp. Ho. Comm. 13 June, The police..punched with their staves, women [etc.]. 1871B. Taylor Faust (1875) I. ii. 40 He.. with his elbow punched the maid. 1872C. D. Warner Backlog Studies 21 (U.S.) It is time to punch the backlog and put on a new forestick. 1885Nor' Wester (Calgary, Alta.) 12 Feb. 3/2 It would pay the stockmen to keep men out during the winter to punch the cattle out of the brush during fine weather. 1886Kendall Poems 207 At punching oxen, you may guess There's nothing out can ‘camp’ him. 1890Stock Grower & Farmer (Las Vegas, New Mexico) 21 June 4/1 J. O. Phillips..will be initiated into the business of punching cattle. 1894Home Missionary (N.Y.) June 68 In the end of each stick is a sharp iron spike, with which they punch the beasts and force them into the cars. Hence the cowboy is sometimes called the ‘cow-puncher’. 1906McClure's Mag. May 64/1 About ten year ago I got plumb sick of punchin' cows around my part of the country. 1910W. M. Raine B. O'Connor 30 We used to punch together on the Hashknife. 1923‘B. M. Bower’ Parowan Bonanza xviii. 276 In that case..you'd still be punchin' cows for your dad, most likely. 1946F. D. Davison Dusty Forewd., Tailing tame old milkers into the farmyard,..punching stubborn bullocks through the mulga.
b. To put out, or stir up by punching or poking.
1863Cowden Clarke Shaks. Char. vii. 189 To punch out the eyes of an adversary. 1867F. H. Ludlow Brace of Boys 275 They became galvanically active the moment they were punched up, and fell flat the moment the punching was remitted. 1872Howells Wedd. Journ. (1892) 281 A..beadle..punched up a kneeling peasant.
3. a. To deliver a sharp blow or forward thrust at; esp. to strike with the closed fist; to beat, thump. Phr. to punch the ball: to take exercise with the punching-ball. to punch out: to knock out, to beat up (U.S.).
1530Palsgr. 670/2, I punche, je boulle, je pousse... Whye punchest thou me with thy fyste on this facyon: pour quoy me boulles tu, or pour quoy me pousses tu de ton poyng en ce poynt? [Cf. Ibid. 472/2, I bunche, I beate, je pousse. He buncheth me and beateth me: il me pousse et me bat.] 1627in Rushw. Hist. Coll. (1721) III. ii. ii. App. 11 The Defendants..kick'd and punch'd the Plaintiff's Wife. a1690G. Fox Jrnl. (1827) I. 166 They rudely haled me out, and struck and punched me. 1823W. S. Rose tr. Ariosto vi. lxv, Now grappl'd from behind, now punch'd before, He stands and plies the crowd with warfare sore. 1837Dickens Pickw. vi, A fourth was busily engaged in patting and punching the pillows..arranged for her support. Ibid. xix, [He] eased his mind by punching the head of the inventive youth. 1889Jessopp Coming of Friars v. 233 Punching their opponents on the nose. 1892Daily News 14 Mar. 3/2 During the early morning walking and punching the ball occupied the attention of the crew. 1920Isis 5 May 9/2 He will get runs, and in the getting of them the ball will be ‘punched’ very hard. 1929W. Faulkner Sartoris iv. 301 She put coal on it and punched it to a blaze. 1968[see bunt n.8 2]. 1969New Yorker 14 June 44/3 The orthodox way to hit a volley is to punch it, with a backswing so short that it begins in front of the player's body. 1971Current Slang (Univ. S. Dakota) VI. 8 Punch out, to beat up; to fight physically. 1976National Observer (U.S.) 12 June 19/2 Young blacks and Puerto Ricans..punched out Moonies who tried to restrain them. 1977Detroit Free Press 11 Dec. 2-d/2 Abdul-Jabbar,..broke his own hand punching out Milwaukee's Kent Benson in the season opener. 1977Rechin & Parker Crock 48 One more smart remark about my nose and I'm punching you out.
b. To strike with the foot; to kick; = bunch v.1 b. north. dial.
Cf. Sc. punce, to strike or thrust with the sole of the foot, not to kick with the toe: said of a person in bed, or a child in the lap; see pounce v.1 4.
1538[see punching vbl. n.]. 1781J. Hutton Tour to Caves (ed. 2) Gloss., Punch, to kick or strike with the foot. 1828Craven Gloss. (ed. 2), Punch, to kick with the feet, not with the fist, as explained by Dr. Johnson. 1889Westall Birch Dene II. ii. 15 If he ever comes to Birch Dene he'll get his shins punched.
c. to punch up: to assault, beat up (cf. punch-up); also fig. in Cinematogr. (see quots. 1953, 1959).
1953Berrey & Van den Bark Amer. Thes. Slang (1954) §623a/8 Punch up one and fade it down, get the picture ready for fading up, as in an opening shot. 1959W. S. Sharps Dict. Cinemat. 121/2 Punch up. In acting, this is to add emphasis to a phrase or action. In filming, the term means to increase picture brightness, and in recording, to bring in a new sound, or to increase the volume or pitch of an existing sound. 1963Listener 31 Jan. 202/1 The folknicks in Washington Square when they punch up the police of a Sunday afternoon.
d. to punch the or a clock: to clock in or out; so to punch in.
1927Sunday Express 8 May 10 Costello flatly refused to ‘punch the clock’, and had definite ideas about what he would and would not do in connection with his art. 1943J. B. Priestley Daylight on Saturday i. 2 What happens when you have shown your pass and punched the time⁓clock? 1944G. Farwell in Coast to Coast 1943 116 Yesterday I was late punching in. They'll be docking me. 1969D. Clark Nobody's Perfect iii. 103 We're soft⁓hearted in the way we treat our staff. Nobody has to punch a clock. 1978S. Brill Teamsters vii. 292 At the terminal Barkett punched in.
e. To press (a push-button); to operate, switch on, or tune in (a device) by doing this.
1954W. Tucker Wild Talent xiv. 211 The man punched the elevator button. 1971‘R. Macdonald’ Underground Man x. 61, I punched on the car radio. It was tuned to a local station. 1972M. Kaye Lively Game of Death (1974) vii. 40 Scott punched the intercom and asked to speak with Lasker. 1975Gramophone Sept. 531/1 The user can also punch in any desired FM station frequency and scan for just stereo stations. 1977Guardian Weekly 25 Sept. 19/2 The launch controller punched the destruction button and the rocket with its payload was automatically destroyed.
II.
4. a. To pierce or cut (anything) in the manner of a punch (see punch n.1 2) so as to make a hole or holes in or through it; to perforate or make holes in (a plate of metal, a sheet of cloth or paper, etc.). Cf. keypunch v. 1 a.
1594Shakes. Rich. III, v. iii. 125 My Annointed body By thee was punched full of holes. 1695J. Edwards Perfect. Script. 248 To punch the lap of the ear, and to hang some ornament there. 1713J. Warder True Amazons (ed. 2) 126 A piece of Tin Plate punched full of Holes. 1846Greener Sc. Gunnery 271, 1-8th plate was easily punched by a charge of two and a half drachms coarse or three drachms fine. a1909Mod. A railway official came to punch our tickets. 1939J. Berryman in K. Amis Spectrum (1961) 167 With a rattle and a whir the calculators punched and sorted the cards. 1964F. L. Westwater Electronic Computers vi. 98 The cards have to be punched by hand from information on original documents. 1971Daily Tel. 3 May 2/6 It lights up a wall map, serves a memory bank, punches a tape for computer use and produces a copy in type for control room operators. 1974J. Banning How I fooled World ii. 13 When I..had to punch tape myself, the computer in London often rejected my copy.
b. With the hole or perforation as object.
1677Moxon Mech. Exerc. i. 7 A piece of..Iron hath an hole punched a little way into it. Ibid. 12 With the Hand⁓hammer..punch the hole. 1832Babbage Econ. Manuf. ii. (ed. 3) 22 The method of punching holes in iron plates. 1868G. Stephens Runic Mon. I. 183 All these scorings would seem to have been puncht with a sharp tool. 1876Preece & Sivewright Telegraphy 132 The messages are punched and transmitted in batches of five or six.
c. = keypunch v. 1 b (see quots.).
1864C. Babbage Passages from Life of Philosopher viii. 119 The Tables to be used must..be computed and punched on cards by the machine. 1890Jrnl. Franklin Inst. CXXIX. 301 In order to punch the individual records upon the cards, they are placed one by one in a suitable punching machine. 1900Daily News 3 Aug. 4/6 The message is previously ‘punched’ out on a paper ribbon, and once the ribbon is placed on the transmitting machine the message reproduces itself at the receiving office at great speed on another ribbon there. 1901H. McHugh John Henry 79 I've just punched out a parcel of paragraphs which I shall turn in to Tommy. 1946N.Y. Times 15 Feb. 16/3 When the problem is punched on the cards, they are dropped into a slot in a ‘reader’. 1952Sci. Amer. Sept. 112/3 The instructions..are punched in the paper tape by a special typewriter keyboard. 1968Brit. Med. Bull. XXIV. 247/1 Use of the program achieves a very considerable saving in effort, which would be further enhanced if..observations of turnover diameter were punched directly on to tape at the time of measurement. 1971H. Love in R. A. Wisbey Computer in Lit. & Ling. Research 51, I must not pass over his method of proofreading input, which is to have the text punched-up by two different operators and then use the computer to spot discrepancies.
d. To take out (a piece) by punching.
1827Faraday Chem. Manip. xv. 358 They are..punched out of boot or shoe leather. 1834–6Barlow in Encycl. Metrop. (1845) VIII. 333/2 In some cases the part punched out is the object in view, as in cutting the blanks for coin, buttons, &c. 1977Lancet 26 Nov. 1140/2 Two 3 mm diameter discs are punched out from the filterpaper, one for testing and the other as a control.
5. intr. To penetrate, pierce, cut (as a punch).
1683Moxon Mech. Exerc., Printing xiii. ⁋1 To manage and command it while it is Punching into the Copper. 1865Athenæum No. 1974. 270/3 In ‘punching’ through the armour of an ironclad.
6. to punch out (Aeronaut.): see quots. slang.
1968–70Current Slang (Univ. S. Dakota) III–IV. 98 Punch out, v. To eject from an aircraft. 1974Sunday Times 16 June 13/2 It never occurred to me to ‘punch out’ (eject).
▪ VIII. punch, v.2 colloq. rare—1.
[f. punch n.3]
intr. To drink punch.
1804Coleridge in Lit. Rem. (1836) II. 412, I dined and punched at Lamb's.
▪ IX. punch, v.3
obs. form of punish v. |