| 释义 |
▪ I. rocky, a.1|ˈrɒkɪ|
Also 5–6 rokky, 6 rokki, 6–7 rockie, 7–8 rockey.
[f. rock n.1 + -y.]
1. a. Full of, abounding in, rocks; consisting or formed of rock; having the character of rock.
14..Sailing Directions (Hakl. Soc., 1889) 21 And in xiiij. or xvj. fadome there is rokky grounde. 1538Leland Itin. (1768) I. 106 The Castelle of Nottingham stondith on a rokky Hille on the west side of the Towne. 1593Shakes. Rich. II, ii. i. 62 England.., Whose rocky shore beates backe the enuious siedge Of watery Neptune. 1614Raleigh Hist. World v. ii. (1634) 338 The Citadell, called Acrocorinthus, stood upon a steepe rockie hill on the North side of the towne. 1659Pearson Creed (1839) 315 In a vault made by the excavation of the rocky firm part of the earth. 1710Addison Tatler No. 120 ⁋2 Rocky Paths and pleasing Grotto's. 1787Winter Syst. Husb. 347 Where the ground is free from springs, stoney or rockey. 1853Sir H. Douglas Milit. Bridges 244 The left bank was rocky, and nearly level with the water. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. xx. 139 The Trifti glacier, embraced on all sides by the rocky arms of the Breithorn.
Comb.1610Shakes. Temp. iv. i. 69 Thy Sea-marge stirrile, and rockey-hard. 1728–46Thomson Spring 398 The next pursue their rocky-channel'd maze Down to the river. 1764Goldsm. Trav. 85 Though the rocky-crested summits frown. 1768–74Tucker Lt. Nat. (1834) I. 634 The rocky-pointed causey of punishment.
b. Rocky Mountains, the great mountain-range lying towards the western coast of N. America. Also attrib., as Rocky Mountain Indian.
1802in Med. Repository 1803 238 In the fall of 1800 I was on an excursion, on horseback, through the plains that are situated between the Sascatchievan and Mississourie Rivers, along the rocky mountains. 1805Lewis & Clark Exped. Missouri (1815) I. 320 A tribe on this side of the Rocky mountains [Ibid. 311–9 the Rock mountains]. 1806P. Wakefield Excursions N. Amer. xliii. 380 We saw some straggling parties of Rocky Mountain Indians. 1818–22Encycl. Metrop. (1845) XIV. 395/2 To these are joined the Rocky or Stony Mountains, which extend as far as N. lat. 55°. 1842Prichard Nat. Hist. Man 407 Rocky Mountains Indians are said to have a complexion of a swarthy yellow. 1850B. Taylor Eldorado II. 22 Fort Laramie, at the foot of the Rocky Mountains.
c. Special collocations. Rocky Mountain bee plant, an annual herb, Cleome serrulata, belonging to the family Capparidaceæ and bearing racemes of pink flowers; Rocky Mountain canary, a burro or jack-ass; Rocky Mountain feathers, wood shavings; Rocky Mountain (spotted) fever, a sometimes fatal rickettsial disease transmitted by ticks; Rocky Mountain goat, the North American mountain goat, Oreamnos americanus; = mazame 2, mountain goat s.v. mountain 9 c; Rocky Mountain grasshopper = Rocky Mountain locust; Rocky Mountain iris, a blue-flowered iris, Iris missouriensis, found in south-western North America; Rocky Mountain juniper, a small conifer, Juniperus scopulorum, found in the south-western United States; Rocky Mountain locust, a migratory North American grasshopper, Melanoplus spretus; Rocky Mountain oyster, lamb's fry; Rocky Mountain sheep, the bighorn sheep, Ovis canadensis; = big-horn s.v. big a. B. 2; Rocky Mountain spotted fever = Rocky Mountain fever; Rocky Mountain spotted (fever) tick, a brown or grey tick, Dermacentor andersoni, found in parts of western North America, where it is the vector of Rocky Mountain fever; Rocky Mountain wood tick = prec.
1900B. B. Smyth Plants & Flowers of Kansas i. 14 Such temperatures..are generally supposed to be destructive to plant life; but the following plants live through them and continue to thrive: Pincushion cactus, prickly pear,..*Rocky Mountain bee plant. 1939Nat. Geogr. Mag. Aug. 227/2 Bees are attracted in such great numbers to the nectar secreted abundantly by these dainty blossoms..that the species is often called ‘Rocky Mountain bee plant’. 1963J. J. Craighead et al. Field Guide Rocky Mt. Wildflowers 69 Rocky Mountain Bee⁓plant..is a much-branched annual 2–5 ft. tall.
1905Outing Apr. 47/2 His varied outfit he packs on the back of the ‘*Rocky Mountain canary’. 1929Amer. Speech V. 147 The burro or jackass of the early days is still called a Rocky Mountain canary, because of its tuneful voice.
1828Richardson in Zool. Jrnl. III. 517 *Rocky Mountain Dormouse.
1962Maclean's Mag. 18 July 44/2, I started a fire with a handful of ‘*Rocky Mountain feathers’—dry shavings—made that morning before we left our previous camp.
1886Buck's Handbk. Med. Sci. III. 85/2 The ‘*Rocky Mountain Fever’, so called by practitioners on the slope of that great mountain chain, exhibits frequent divergences from the true clinical features of typhoid fever, and may show a continued remittent type, but the pathology observed in not a few of these cases links them to typhoid fever. 1917Indian Med. Gaz. LII. 16/1 Most observers place the incubation of the Rocky Mountain fever at three to seven days. 1939Brit. Encycl. Med. Pract. XII. 340 The other types [of tick-borne typhus] can be most easily understood by considering the respects in which they differ from Rocky Mountain fever.
1828Richardson in Zool. Jrnl. III 520 *Rocky Mountain Flying Squirrel.
1842J. E. DeKay Zool. N.Y. I. 112 *Rocky Mountain Goat..larger than the common goat. 1884–5[see goat 1 b]. 1901Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 11 Oct. 1/6 The Rocky Mountain goat captured..last spring..is to be sent to the London Zoo this week. 1949Canad. Alpine Jrnl. May 55 We had seen elk, moose, Rocky Mountain goats, and bighorn.
1909Webster 944/1 The allied migratory *Rocky Mountain grasshopper..sometimes travels in vast hordes in the region west of the Mississippi. 1966Davidson & Peairs Insect Pests (ed. 6) viii. 129 The Rocky Mountain grasshopper is considered the most important migratory species in the United States and Canada.
1880T. Meehan Native Flowers & Ferns U.S. 2nd Ser. I. 103 As it is the only species of Iris found there the common name of ‘*Rocky Mountain Iris’ has suggested itself to us. 1963J. J. Craighead Field Guide Rocky Mt. Wildflowers 34 Rocky Mountain Iris..usually bears from 1 to 4 variegated violet-blue flowers.
1898G. B. Sudworth Check List Forest Trees U.S. 35 Juniperus scopulorum Sargent. *Rocky Mountain Juniper. 1949Collingwood & Brush Knowing your Trees 135 The twigs of the Rocky Mountain juniper..are four⁓sided, with leaves arranged alternately in pairs. 1972L. Hancock There's a Seal in my Sleeping Bag viii. 182 Old dried whitened Rocky Mountain juniper trees sprout the artistic bulky stick nests of the double-crested cormorants.
1878Rep. Comm. Agric. 1877 (U.S. Dept. Agric.) 264 The *Rocky Mountain Locust, or Grasshopper of the West. 1930S. Henry Conquering our Great Amer. Plains 319 Coming home late one afternoon for supper I stepped back surprised to see what became known as Rocky Mountain locusts covering the side of the house. 1972V. A. Little Gen. & Applied Entomol. (ed. 3) vii. 94 Although the Rocky Mountain locust is found throughout most of the United States, it is considered a pest of importance only in the Great Plains region.
1889J. Whitehead Steward's Handbk. iv. 420/2 *Rocky Mountain oysters, Lambs' fries. 1940C. L. Brown et al. Amer. Cooks 71 (heading) Fried lamb's fries, or Rocky Mountain oysters.
1859Baird Mammals N. Amer. 499 *Rocky Mountain Rat.
1872Coues N. Amer. Birds 153 *Rocky Mountain region, U.S. and southward, northeast to Kansas.
[1804Lewis & Clark Exped. Missouri (1815) I. 197 Two horns of the animal called by the French, the *Rock mountain sheep.] 1818T. Laurie in Mem. Wernerian Nat. Hist. Soc. (1821) III. 308 Remarks..on the Skin of the Rocky Mountain Sheep. 1904[see argal]. 1936D. McCowan Animals Canad. Rockies v. 45 Rocky Mountain sheep..are almost entirely guided by what we call instinct. 1977D. Anthony Stud Game xxviii. 188 They hunted Rocky Mountain sheep with bow-and-arrow. You have to be good to do that.
[1903Rocky Mountain spotted fever: see spotted fever s.v. spotted a. and ppl. a. 3 a.] 1905U.S. Hygienic Lab. Bull. XX. 8 *Rocky Mountain ‘spotted fever’ is reported for Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Wyoming, ? Washington State, and possibly Utah and Alaska. 1906Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 7 July 33/1, I arrived in Missoula, Montana, April 21, 1906, equipped for the bacteriologic and hematologic study of the so-called Rocky Mountain spotted fever. 1947Ann. Rev. Microbiol. I. 346 The fatality rate in Rocky Mountain spotted fever is greatly influenced by age. 1974Greenville (S. Carolina) News 23 Apr. 3/2 The little ticks that carry Rocky Mountain spotted fever didn't have to find a warm spot under a log this winter.
1937Jrnl. Econ. Entomol. XXX. 52 The first, known popularly as the *Rocky Mountain spotted fever tick, or Rocky Mountain wood tick, is our most versatile species as a disease vector. 1976Islander (Victoria, B.C.) 7 June 14/2 The most serious type of infection, called tick fever, is transmitted by the Rocky Mountain spotted tick.
1937*Rocky Mountain wood tick [see Rocky Mountain spotted fever tick]. 1951Metcalf & Flint Destructive & Useful Insects (ed. 3) xxiii. 983 The Rocky Mountain wood tick is the most important tick in the United States. 1976National Observer (U.S.) 21 Aug. 8/4 The Rocky Mountain wood tick carries the illness in the West.
d. quasi-n. the Rockies, the Rocky Mountains.
1827J. Smith Let. 12 July in Dict. Americanisms (1951) II. 1409/2, I allude to the country of the Great Salt Lake, West of the Rockies. a1861T. Winthrop John Brent (1862) vi. 60 At the foot of those bare, bulky mounds of mountain by which the Wasatch range tones off into the great plains between it and the Rockys, we overtook the Salt Lake mail. 1882W. A. B. Grohmann (title), Camp in the Rockies. 1892Month Apr. 88 The solitude of the snow-capped Rockies.
2. fig.
a. Of the heart or disposition: Flinty, stony, hard, unfeeling, unyielding.
a1586Sidney Arcadia iii. (1605) 327 The grace wherewith Anaxius spake it, to perswade rockie minds to their owne harm. 1596R. Linche Diella (1877) 20, I know..all will not remoue flynt-harted rigour from your rocky breast. 1650Howell Lett. III. 7 May He also move My mind, and rockie heart so strike and rend. 1690Norris Beatitudes (1692) 46 Some men of Rocky Hearts..that would see the whole World in Flames without any concern. 1839–52Bailey Festus 27 Like God's voice Upon the worldling's proud, cold, rocky heart.
Comb.c1602F. Davison in Farr S.P. Eliz. (1845) II. 331 Whose rocks and rocky-hearted foes My flight on euery side enclose. a1849J. C. Mangan Poems (1859) 238 This rocky-bosomed beauty.
b. Firm as a rock; unflinching, steadfast.
1622Massinger & Dekker Virgin Martyr ii. iii, I'll send my daughters to her, And they shall turn her rocky faith to wax. 1692Hickeringill Good Old Cause Wks. 1716 II. 518 Let [such effeminate constitutions] leave the rugged and boysterous Wars to rugged and rocky Complexions and Constitutions. 1856Ruskin Mod. Paint. IV. v. xv. §23 Written in larger and rockier characters upon the sky.
c. Resembling a rock in solidity.
1825J. Neal Bro. Jonathan I. 274 A smile of barbarous exultation..brightened his..rocky, square forehead.
†3.
a. rocky bone, one of the bones of the ear. (Cf. rock-bone, s.v. rock n.1 9). Obs.
1615Crooke Body of Man 440 Aboue the eares..aboue the bones called petrosa or the rockie bones. 1683Snape Anat. Horse iii. xiv. (1686) 139 Which Cavities are wrought by Nature in the Rocky-bone, and contain in them the in⁓bred Air.
†b. rocky ruby, = rock-ruby. Obs.
a1728Woodward Fossils i. 29 The Rocky-Ruby,..Rubinus rupium. This is of a Red deep, and the hardest of all the kinds.
4. Growing upon or among rocks. rare.
1640Parkinson Theatr. Bot. 707 The rockie Cranes bill [Geranium saxatile] is a lesser plant then the ordinary Doves foot. 1731Miller Gard. Dict. s.v. Lychnis, Maritime Rocky Campion, with an Orpine Leaf. 1805Lambert tr. Michaux' Trav. Allegany Mts. 301 The remainder of this tract..produces only the white, red,..and rocky oaks, &c. intermixed with pines.
5. Brewing. (See quots.)
Connected with rock as a variant of roche: see rocking vbl. n.2 (quot. 1839) and cf. F. rocher in Littré.
1835W. Black Brewing 52 The third change is the cauliflower or curling top, rising to a fine rocky or light yeasty head. 1836Penny Cycl. V. 405/1 The stages of a healthy fermentation are, first, a creamy scum rising on the surface: this, after a time, begins to curl and becomes frosted in appearance; it then becomes rocky, and the air vesicles which appeared frosted enlarge.
Hence ˈrockily adv.
1972D. Haston In High Places ix. 100 Almost an ideal mountain panorama. Fitzroy, Poincenot and satellites rockily bounding the right, rounding off towards Pere Giorgio at the head of the valley. 1981Times Lit. Suppl. 6 Feb. 147/5 The difficulties of absorbing women into a group so rockily traditional as the police.
▪ II. rocky, a.2|ˈrɒkɪ|
[f. rock v.1]
a. Unsteady, tottering, unstable; tipsy, drunken.
1737Pennsylvania Gaz. 6–13 Jan. 2 He's Rocky, Raddled,..Lost his Rudder. 1770Gentl. Mag. XL. 559 To express the condition of an Honest fellow and no Flincher under the Effects of good Fellowship it is said that he is..Rocky. 1791–3in Spirit Public Jrnls. I. 3 Our Rulers too are—rocky. 1828Craven Gloss., Rocky, drunken, tottering in his gait. 1895J. G. Millais Breath fr. Veldt (1899) 253 The vision of these splendid horns..made me a bit ‘rocky’, as the big beast swung round to stare at us. 1897Westm. Gaz. 14 Apr. 7/2 He understood that the society in which his money was invested was in a ‘rocky’ condition. 1912A. Bennett Matador of Five Towns 157 ‘What's up with that wheel?’ ‘It's rocky, that's what that wheel is.’ 1938‘N. Shute’ Ruined City x. 204 The whole thing was a pretty rocky deal. 1941Direction IV. v. 15/2 Stack had been..gettin leapin drunk... One morning in April, 1906, after he had had a rocky night and had a headache built for a hippopotamus he was out..to cool the burnin thirst in his throat. 1947Partisan Rev. XIV. 493, I was drinking scotch on an empty stomach, and beginning to feel a trifle rocky myself. 1951A. Baron Rosie Hogarth i. vi. 62 A chap always felt a bit rocky after he'd shown what he was made of. 1977D. Beaty Excellency vii. 90 The régime's rocky. The future of the country's uncertain.
b. colloq., in vaguely depreciative use. Now usu. in sense ‘difficult, hard’.
Some cases may be equally well interpreted as examples of a fig. use of rocky a.1 1 a.
1873J. Miller Life amongst Modocs 71 We may have a rocky time down there, my boy. 1883Bicycling News 28 Dec. 830 A very jolly day having been spent, notwithstanding the rocky weather. 1890L. D'Oyle Notches 12 It'll be a little bit rocky on some of us. 1960B. Keaton My Wonderful World of Slapstick 13, I am by no means overlooking the rough and rocky years I've lived through. 1976E. Dunphy Only a Game? iii. 90, I had played well in the first half at Swindon when things were rocky.
c. colloq. In poor health; ill, unwell.
The sense in quot. 1792 is unclear; it may be rocky a.1 2 b.
1792F. Burney Let. 28 Jan. (1972) I. 106 A former Patient is often alarmed..but she is very Rocky..& she will be glad when the alarm passes over. 1926E. Hemingway Sun also Rises i. vii. 56 What's the matter, darling? Do you feel rocky? 1929M. de la Roche Whiteoaks iii. 56 Is Wake feeling rocky to-night? 1932G. Greene Stamboul Train ii. i. 62, I guess you're a bit rocky. You haven't escaped from anywhere, have you? 1954G. Durrell Bafut Beagles viii. 151 ‘Made you feel a bit rocky?’ inquired the doctor cheerfully, feeling my pulse.
Add: Hence ˈrockily adv.2
1977C. McCullough Thorn Birds vi. 109 Jims standing obediently but a little rockily waiting for his turn. 1984N.Y. Times 5 Aug. (Connecticut Weekly section) 20/4 While the course of true love runs rockily onstage during August, the people behind the scenes at Connecticut Stage will be actively planning a smooth future.
▸ colloq. Designating, relating to, or characteristic of rock music; (of music) featuring loud, distorted guitars and a strong rhythm.
1972M. Saunders Phonograph Rec. (Electronic ed.) Oct. In an attempt to guess what's expected of them, will they try and come up with some more rocky stuff? 1986Washington Post 2 May 15/1 It has, after all, gotten him through almost every door there is in popular music, since his earlier, rockier days with First Edition. 2001Computer Music May 54/3 We've also seen a trend that things are getting a bit more rocky, and mixing rock, R&B and hip-hop.
▪ III. ˈrocky, n. Naval slang.
Also rockie.
[f. rocky a.2]
(See quots.) Also attrib. or as adj.
1919W. Lang Sea Lawyer's Log 29, I have seen an officer who presides directly over our naval destinies fix the eye of a basilisk upon a luckless ‘rockie’ who incautiously spoke of a parade. 1927‘Giraldus’ Musings of Merry Matloe (ed. 2) 186 Rocky, a Royal Naval or Fleet Reserve man. Also a R.N. Reserve officer who once was more commonly known as a ‘Cargo Shifter’. 1929F. C. Bowen Sea Slang 112 Rockies, R.N.V.R. ratings training in H.M. ships in peace time and very highly valued as worked ratings. Before the War it was also applied to R.N.R. ratings, seldom since. 1948Partridge Dict. Forces' Slang 156 Rockies, officers of the Naval Reserves. 1957Kerr & Granville Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve vi. 91 The active-service men labelled them [sc. RNVR ratings] a ‘rocky’ lot—‘rocky’ being an oblique reference to unstable sea-legs and the waved tapes in their blue jean collars.
▪ IV. rocky
obs. form of rock v.1 |