| 释义 |
polarized, ppl. a.|ˈpəʊləraɪzd|
[f. polarize v. + -ed1.]
Subjected to polarization.
1. a. Of light or other kinds of wave, or radiant heat. (See prec. 1.)
1811July [see polarize v. 1]. 1813Brewster (23 Dec.) in Phil. Trans. (1814) 199 The coloured image is..alike produced by polarised or depolarised light. 1831― Optics xviii. 158 These two beams..are therefore said to be polarised, or to be beams of polarised light, because they have sides or poles of different properties. 1845Kelland Young's Lect. Nat. Phil. 371 Light which consists of vibrations in one direction only is termed polarized light. 1894Turpin Org. Chem. 103 Three isomeric forms of malic acid which differ chiefly in their action upon polarized light. 1923H. L. Brose tr. Sommerfeld's Atomic Structure & Spectral Lines i. 23 Barkla discovered that primary X-rays are partially polarised, secondary X-rays are wholly polarised in certain directions. 1946Wireless World Aug. 251/1 If the receiving aerial is horizontal it will receive nothing from a vertically polarized wave. 1966McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. VIII. 418/1 A circular wave guide is particularly useful in transforming plane⁓polarized electric intensity into circularly polarized electric intensity.
b. Physics. Of a particle or beam of particles: exhibiting an alignment of the spins.
1929Proc. R. Soc. A. CXXIV. 426 Our only hope of observing the moment of a free electron is to obtain a ‘polarised’ beam, in which all the spin axes are pointing in the same direction, or at any rate more in one direction than another. 1953Progr. Nuclear Physics III. 75 It may be possible to produce polarized protons by using polarized thermal neutrons..as projectiles in an (n, p) reaction. 1975Nature 5 June 514/1 These treatments will be of increasing value as polarised beams of deuterons and other ions become available.
c. Of a substance or device: causing the polarization of light passing through it; = polarizing ppl. a. 1.
1936Discovery Oct. 302/1 Polarised glass has for some time been used..in certain scientific instruments. 1955Ann. Reg. 1954 403 More than one critic referred to 1954 as the year of the decline of 3D on account of the general discomfort of polarized spectacles. 1977Sci. Amer. Dec. 172/2 If a motorist wants to eliminate the glare from a road surface, he can wear polarized sunglasses.
†2. Path.
a. Having a particular centre or axis, or a definite direction.
b. Of a convex body: Having a pole or centre of convexity. Obs.
1822–34Good's Study Med. (ed. 4) II. 36 In one or two examples..there was neither a polarized pain nor fluctuation. Ibid. 351 The centre [of the vaccine vesicle] dips, instead of being polarized, and is less elevated than the circumference. Ibid. III. 152 In the former [disease, i.e. presbyopia] the cornea is in all cases too much flattened, in the present it is too convex or polarized.
3. Magn. and Electr.
a. (See prec. 3.)
1849Noad Electricity (ed. 3) 39 He considers the first effect of an excited body upon neighbouring matter, to be the production of a polarized state of their particles, which constitutes induction... If the particles can maintain this polarized state, then insulation is the consequence; and the higher the polarized condition, the better the insulation. 1885Watson & Burbury Math. Th. Electr. & Magn. I. 251 Such a system of polarised molecules as we are supposing gives rise to localised distributions with solid and superficial densities of determinate values throughout given regions and having the same potential at every point of the field as would result from such localised distributions.
b. See quot. 1886.
1878Culley Handbk. Pract. Telegraphy (ed. 7) 277 In the polarized relay the force of the spring is replaced by magnetic attraction. 1879G. B. Prescott Sp. Telephone p. ii, In 1830 he set up an electro-magnetic telegraph in Albany,..using a polarized relay. Ibid. 26 Polarized magnets..so named on account of their armatures being permanent magnets. 1886S. P. Thompson Electromagnet 291 It is usual to refer to those [electromagnetic] devices in which a permanent magnet comes into use as polarized mechanisms, while the ordinary electromagnets are non-polarized.
4. fig.
a. Specialized in meaning or application.
1860O. W. Holmes Prof. Breakf.-t. i, The religious currency of mankind,..consists entirely of polarized words.
b. Characterized by division into opposing groups or principles. Cf. polarize v. 4 c.
1957New Statesman 2 Nov. 555/3 This gives the world something quite different from the polarised powers. 1962E. Cleaver in A. Dundes Mother Wit (1973) 19/1 What we term The Polarized Western Mind derives from the symbolism attached to the two colors, black and white, in the mind of Western man. Ibid. 20/1 An obvious and striking example of polarized thinking. |