| 释义 |
‖ panchayat, punchayet E. Ind.|pʌnˈtʃɑːjət|
Also panchaet, -ait, -aeet.
[Hindī, f. panch five, Skr. pañca five.]
A council of five (or now usually more) persons, assembled as a jury or court of arbitrators, or as a committee to decide on matters affecting a village, community, or body. Also attrib. Hence panchayat samiti [f. Hindi samiti committee].
1805Asiatic Ann. Reg. Misc. 14/2 The panchaets are anxious for the examination of collateral facts. 1812M. Graham Jrnl. Resid. Ind. 41 The Parsees..are governed by their own panchait, or village council..[it] consists of thirteen of the principal merchants of the sect. 1826Hockley Pandurang Hari I. iii. 32 Assemble a punchayet, and give this cause patient attention, seeing that Hybatty has justice. 1844H. H. Wilson Brit. India II. 515 The fullest possible employment of the..village courts, or Panchayats, in the adjudicature of civil suits. 1875Maine Hist. Inst. vii. 221 The normal number of a Jury or Board of Arbitrators is always five—the panchayet familiar to all who have the smallest knowledge of India. 1881E. B. Eastwick Murray's Handbk. Bombay Presidency (ed. 2) ii. 141/1 In order to see the Towers of Silence, permission must be obtained from the Secretary to the Pársí Pancháyat. 1893Kipling Many Invent. 84 Create, further, councils other than the panchayats of headmen, village by village and district by district. 1945‘P. Woodruff’ Call next Witness 14 He was chairman of the village panchayat, the court which could try the smallest local offences. 1955Times 29 Aug. 9/6 Mansingh tried to negotiate peace at a special meeting of the Panchayats, or village councils. 1963Times 11 Mar. 11/7 The emphasis was corrected and laid on agricultural production—but no sooner than the establishment of panchayat raj had led villagers to express their needs more outspokenly, and their satisfaction had become the business of the village politicians. 1963Economist 23 Nov. 752/1 His [the King of Nepal's] system of ‘panchayat democracy’, an elaborate four-tier edifice of indirect elections. 1965E. Linton World in Grain of Sand vi. 73 Were all members of the Panchayat present? No. Then send for them! Panchayats, literally meaning ‘councils of five’, have existed in villages since ancient times... Numbers need not necessarily be confined to five. 1969Listener 2 Jan. 5/1 The panchayat system is little more popular than Pakistan's basic democracy. 1969National Herald (New Delhi) 29 July 7/4 Mr. Thana Ram, pradhan of panchayat samiti, has criticised the demotion of education extension officers who have completed five years of service. 1971Hindustan Times Weekly (New Delhi) 4 Apr. 8/2 The Agriculture Refinance Corporation will provide Rs 25 lakhs for disbursement as loans among the orange⁓growers of Halrapatan panchayat samiti in Halawar district. 1971Nat. Geographic Nov. 662/1 Panchayat means ‘five elders’, a traditional informal council that runs the affairs of Nepalese villages. 1973Times 14 Apr. (Nepal Suppl.) p. i/5 Limited popular representation is permitted through a pyramidal structure of partly elected and partly nominated panchayats, or councils, beginning at the village level. 1976D. Hiro Inside India Today 50 What then emerged was a three-tiered system whereby the old district boards..were replaced by zilla parishads (i.e. district councils) with responsibility for co-ordinating development plans to be channelled through panchayat samitis (i.e. council committees) consisting of a number of popularly elected panchayats encompassing one or more villages—all interlinked through indirect elections. This system, popularly known as the panchayat raj, was first introduced in..1959. |