| 释义 |
▪ I. † prest, n.1 Obs.
Also 5 prestte, 5–7 preste, 6 preast(e.
[a. OF. prest (12th c. in Littré), mod.F. prêt, the action of preparing or lending, a loan, purveyance for the king's table, advance pay for soldiers; vbl. n. f. OF. prester, mod.F. prêter to afford, lend, prest v.1 So It. presto a loan. (In Eng. hist. documents the L. word is usually prestitum, pa. pple. of præstāre, prest v.1)]
1. An advance of money; a loan; esp. one made to the sovereign in an emergency; a forced loan; a grant, gift, bequest.
1439Rolls of Parlt. V. 8/2 Ne hadde leen ye gret loones and presttes. 1475Bk. Noblesse (Roxb.) 80 The creditours have not been duelie paide of here lonys and prestis made to highe sovereins. a1512Fabyan Chron. vii. 683 In thys yere [1486] a prest was made to the kynge of .ii. M. li. of the whyche the mercers, grocers, & drapers lent .ix. C. xxxvii. li. and .vi. s. a1529Skelton Col. Cloute 352 The people mones For prestes and for lones Lent and neuer payd. 1560–1Newcastle Guilds (Surtees) 89 A serteyn some of money beyng granted by waye of loon or prest. 1577–87Holinshed Chron. III. 1090/2 The first of September the queene demanded a prest of the citie of London of twentie thousand pounds, to be repaied againe within foureteene daies after Michaelmasse next folowing. 1643Prynne Sov. Power Parl. App. 29 For lack of money, he was driven of necessitie to aske a preste of the citizens of Paris.
2. A charge, duty, or impost; a deduction made from or in connexion with any payment. See also quot. 1898.
1472–3Rolls of Parlt. VI. 59/2 The said Maire, Feliship and Merchauntes [of the Staple of Caleys], nor their successours, shall not sett nor put any ymposition, prest or charge, uppon the Wolles or Wollefelles of any persone of the said Feliship. 1491Hen. VII in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. ii. I. 170 We..charge you that..ye content and paye unto theim [for their wages of the half yere ended at Estre last]..the summes aforsaid, withoute any prest or charge setting upon theim..for the same. Ibid. 172, 173. 1548 Act 2 Edw. VI, c. 4 §2 [For allowance of sheriffs upon their account] That the same tayles soe hereafter there to be levyed and striken, shalbe delyvered unto everye of the same Sheriffes..without prest or other chardge to be sett upon them for the same. [1898Encycl. Laws Eng. X. 327 Prest, a duty which sheriffs formerly had to pay on receiving their tallies for the sums standing due from them in the accounts of the Exchequer.]
3. A payment or wages in advance; money paid on account to a person to enable him to proceed with an undertaking; cf. imprest n.1 1, press-money 2. auditor of prests: see imprest n.1 1 c.
1495Naval Acc. Hen. VII (1896) 137 Sommes of money by the said Robert..by way of preste at the Receipte of the Kinges Eschequier..hade or receyued. 1515T. Larke in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) I. 499 One hundreth poundes sterling to be delivered unto..the Kinges Glasier in way of prest towardes the glaising of the great Churche. 1522Rutland Papers (Camden) 76 Prestes to diuers personnes for prouision of vitailles for themperor. a1562G. Cavendish Wolsey (1893) 197 Yt was concludyd that he shold have by the way of prest, a thousand marks owt of Wynchester byshopriche, byfore hand of his pencion. 1657Howell Londinop. 370 The Auditor of the Prests, whose Office it is to take the Accounts of the Mint..and of all other imprested or moneys advanc'd before hand.
4. esp. Earnest-money paid to a sailor or soldier on enlistment, enlistment-money.
1480Howard Househ. Bks. (Roxb.) 9 [Of this sum] is prest for j. M. j.ciiij.xx maryners, every of them ij.s. for prest, C. xviij. li. 1491Act 7 Hen. VII, c. 1 §1 Any Souldeour..which herafter shalbe in Wages and reteyned or take any prest to serve the King uppon the See. 1562Royal Letters 23 July (City of London, Jor. 18 lf. 57), For their prest, coates, and conducte money. 1583Exec. for Treason (1675) 45 As it were an earnest or prest. 1588Letter Bk. &c. City Lond. lf. 200 b, Frauncys Iohnson who was appoynted to serve as a soldyar..and receyved her Maiesties prest.
5. An engagement of a person by payment of earnest-money; an enlistment of soldiers or sailors.
1542St. Papers Hen. VIII, IX. 139 We wolde you shuld provyde us of ten good dromes, and as many fifers. For the prest and setting forward of whiche persons you maye receyve, what money you wolle desire, of our servaunt Guidenfingre. 1602Carew Cornwall 101 This towne furnisheth more able Mariners at euery prest for her Highnesse seruice, then many others of farre greater blaze.
6. in prest: As a ‘prest’ or loan; in advance; on account; as earnest-money. (Cf. senses 1, 3, 5.)
1486Naval Acc. Hen. VII (1896) 9 Receyued..by thandes of the said Henry Palmer in prest vpon the said office..clli. 1550Edw. VI Jrnl. in Froude Hist. Eng. xxvii. (1870) IV. 518 For which I should give him 15,000l. in prest, and leave to carry 8000l. over sea to abase the exchange. 1557Order of Hospitalls F iv, You shall not deliuer any mony in prest to any Officer,..without the Thresorer will yow the same to doe. 1579Fenton Guicciard. x. (1599) 456 They departed to their houses, hauing receiued in prest only one Florin of the Rhein for a man. 1603Knolles Hist. Turks (1621) 999 There was taken up in prest of privat merchants in..Aleppo only, the summe of three score thousand Cecchini.
7. attrib. and Comb.: prest-warrant, see quot. and cf. press-warrant.
1894C. N. Robinson Brit. Fleet iv. iv. 413 In Elizabeth's reign there was no great difficulty experienced in obtaining men when wanted by ‘prest warrants’, or warrants for paying ‘prest’ money.
▪ II. † prest, n.2 Obs.
Also 7–8 press(e.
[Of uncertain origin.]
A sheet (of parchment or the like).
1405Will of Bullok (Somerset Ho.), My wille as it ys wryten in a prest of parchemyne. 1658Practick Part of Law 232 Fees..For the transcript of a Record, being a presse, 6s. 8d. For every presse more 6s. 8d. 1705Luttrell Brief Rel. (1857) V. 520 Yesterday the lords read..the commons bill for relief of the poor, containing 60 presses of parchment.
▪ III. † prest, a. and adv. Obs.
Also 3–6 preste, 5 preest, (prast), 6 preast, ? Sc. priest, (7 erron. pressed).
[a. OF. prest (11th c. in Littré), in mod.F. prêt = Pr., Cat. prest, It., Sp., Pg. presto:—late or pop.L. præst-us ready (Inscr. and 5th c. in Salic Law), f. earlier L. præstō (præstū) adv., near at hand, in readiness, at one's service; supposed to be contr. from *præsitō, f. præ before, in front + abl. or dat. of situs placed, situated, lying; or from *præsitū, f. præ + sitū, abl. of situs situation.]
A. adj.
1. Ready for action or use; at hand; prepared, or in proper order.
1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 7217 Nou wole vr louerd ssake is suerd, is bowe is ibend, & prest imad uor to smite men þat beþ mis wend. c1300St. Margarete 302 Nou in mi louerdes name prest ic am þerto. 13..K. Alis. 1187 Ten þousande, al prest & ȝare In to bataile forto fare. 1382Wyclif Bible Pref. Ep. vii. 68 Prest is the book of Leuy [Vulg. In promptu est Leviticus liber]. c1400Sowdone Bab. 1164 To Iuste thai made hem preest. 1513Douglas æneis ii. vi. 10 With eris prest stude thair als still as stone. 1549–62Sternhold & H. Ps. xi. 2 Behold the wicked bend their bowes, and make their arrowes prest. 1566Drant Horace, Sat. ii. B j, Then cums this foxe, this Fusidie, wyth money preste in hande. 1578Whetstone Promos & Cass. iii. ii, Who styll is preast His lawles love to make his lawful wife. 1635Heywood Hierarch. v. 282 A huge Nauy prest at all Essayes. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iii. 733 The Victim Ox, that was for Altars prest, Trim'd with white Ribbons, and with Garlands drest.
b. Often in association with ready, readily.
c1475Partenay 1585 Greffon with swerdes fors was redy and preste. 1489Caxton Faytes of A. i. xv. 42 To see that althyng be redyly prest at hande. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 304 All was prest and redy. a1548Hall Chron., Edw. IV 200 b, .xv. thousand men euen ready prest to set on the citie of Yorke. 1600Holland Livy xxxv. xxxv. 909 The ætolians..were ready and prest to come to Lacedæmon. 1632― Cyrupædia 27, I may find them [soldiers] prest and ready for any service. 1675Brooks Gold. Key Wks. 1867 V. 37 He is ready pressed to break all. Ibid. 396 Christ is ready prest for action.
2. Ready in mind, disposition, or will; inclined, disposed, willing; prompt, alert, eager, keen.
c1290Becket 2073 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 166 Þat min heorte prestore nis þene deþ for-to take. a1300Cursor M. 25 To rede and here Ilkon is prest, Þe thynges þat þam likes best. 1362Langl. P. Pl. A. vi. 41 He is þe presteste payere þat pore men habbeþ. c1475Babees Bk. 78 Take eke noo seete, but to stonde be yee preste. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 378 This verely should..make them preste and willing to doe all thinges for your sake. 1600Fairfax Tasso i. lxxxii, Each Mind is prest, and open every Ear To hear new Tydings. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iv. 106 Every Knight is..Prest for their Country's Honour, and their King's.
b. Alert, active, sprightly, brisk.
a1400Pistill of Susan 75 Þere were papeiayes prest, Nihtgales vpon nest. a1529Skelton Ph. Sparowe 264 As prety and as prest As my sparowe was. 1573Tusser Husb. (1878) 142 More people, more handsome and prest, Where find ye? (go search any coast).
3. Close at hand. (Cf. handy.)
c1500Robin Hood & Potter lxiii. in Child Ballads (1888) III. 112 Berdys there sange on bowhes prest. 1589Puttenham Eng. Poesie iii. xix. (Arb.) 231 In presence prest of people mad or wise.
B. adv. Readily, quickly; = prestly adv. 1.
1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 5217 As prest eft sone hii come. c1320Sir Tristr. 3145 He seyd tristrem prest, ‘Now it were time to ride’. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. xxi. 274 Princes of þis palys prest vndo þe ȝates. c1475Rauf Coilȝear 408 Out of Paris proudly he preikit full prest. a1547Surrey æneid iv. 789 Shall not my men do on theyr armure prest? 1557–8Frere & Boye 48 in Hazl. E.P.P. III. 62 The lytell boye wente on his waye, To the ffellde full prest.
▪ IV. prest, ppl. a.
see pressed ppl. a.1 and ppl. a.2
▪ V. † prest, v.1 Obs.
[a. OF. prester (11th c. in Godef. Compl.), mod.F. prêter to furnish, place at one's disposal, lend, pay in advance (= It. prestare, Pr., Sp., Pg. prestar):—L. præstāre to stand before; to be superior, excel; to stand for, vouch for, take upon oneself; to perform, show, offer, furnish; in late and med.L. (5th c. Salvianus and Salic Law) to lend; f. præ before + stāre to stand.]
1. trans. To lend (money); to advance on loan.
1543–4Act 35 Hen. VIII, c. 12 Money so aduanced, prested, or lent to hys hyghnes. a1548Hall Chron., Rich. III 41 b, Requirynge hym farther to prest to hym a conveniente some of money. 1560–1Newcastle Guilds (Surtees) 90 Money whyche ys prested, or lent, to the Quens Maiesties [use].
b. To get on loan, to borrow. rare.
a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VI 176 Lest the lordes there should borow of them any money, as they did prest of the marchantes of the staple .xviij. M. l. late before.
2. To advance (money) on account of work to be done or service to be rendered or not yet completed.
1539in Vicary's Anat. (1888) App. ii. 106 Item, prested to Anthony Chobo, the kingis Surgion, in aduauncement of his half yeres wagis beforehande..xx li. 1586Earl of Leicester in Motley Netherl. (1860) I. viii. 523 note, I myself have prested above 3000l. among our men here since I came.
▪ VI. † prest, v.2 Obs.
[f. prest n.1; or perh. an inverted use of prest v.1]
1. trans. To engage or hire the services of (a person) or the use of (a ship, etc.) by giving part-payment in advance.
1513Lett. & Pap. Hen. VIII, I. No. 3978 (P.R.O.) Shyppys prested for the King in the West Countrey. 1532Cromwell in Merriman Life & Lett. (1902) I. 351 The kinges messenger..hathe repayryd..to Burrye Saynt Edmondes and therabowtt For to haue taken and prestyd masons For the accomplyshment of the kynges sayd woorkes. 1545St. Papers Hen. VIII, III. 542 Suche shippez as were prested in Chestre and Bewmarres. Ibid. 544 Your Highnez had byn at so great chardges, both with the presting, and victualing of shippez.
2. esp. To engage (men) for military service on land or sea by giving part-payment or earnest-money in advance; to enlist, levy (without reference to method): passing at length into the sense of press v.2 2. (Cf. imprest v.2)
1542Hen. VIII Declar. Scots B ij, In this meane tyme staied a great part of our army alredy prested and in our wages, to go forwarde. 1545St. Papers Hen. VIII, III. 536 Those that be all redy comme nowe demaunde here their wages, which thei say thei be not paide; and here is non that can enforme us, whether thei be paide or not, nor for howe longe tyme thei were prested. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 395 b, They..whan this league was made, going into Germany, prested souldioures, and broughte them into France. 1600Holland Livy xxv. v. 548 So many as they thought able men of bodie to beare armes..to prest them for soldiours. Ibid. xxvi. xxxv. 611 One whiles buying them up to the warre, for some small peece of money: otherwhiles levying and presting them to the seas to be gallie⁓slaues, for a thing of nothing. Ibid. xlii. i. 1116 Commaunded they were to prest [scribere] fifteene hundred footmen and a hundred horse of Romane citizens.
Hence ˈpresting vbl. n., hiring, enlisting.
1545[see 1 above]. 1546St. Papers Hen. VIII, I. 874 Wee have also commoned with theym of the Admyraltye, whoo have onely twoo shipps in aredynes,..wee have geven theym charge to procede, and delyvered theym money for the presting of men for the purpose.
▪ VII. † prest, v.3 Obs. rare.
[? f. prest a.]
refl. a. To make oneself ready. b. To make haste, to hasten.
14..Lybeaus Disc. (Ritson) 1738 A morow Lybeaus hym prest [v.r. was prest] In armes that wer best, And fressch he was to fyght. 1581A. Hall tr. Homer i. 14 One morning Thetis from the sea to heauen hir selfe doth prest.
▪ VIII. prest
obs. ME. form of priest. |