| 释义 |
oligopoly|ɒlɪˈgɒpəlɪ|
[f. oligo- + Gr. πωλ-εῖν to sell, after monopoly.]
A state of limited competition when a market is shared by a small number of producers or sellers.
1895J. H. Lupton Utopia of Sir Thomas More i. 55/2 More makes an antithesis between monopolium and oligopolium. We have ‘monopoly’ but not ‘oligopoly’ (the sale by a few), and so cannot preserve the point of the sentence. 1933E. H. Chamberlin Theory Monopol. Competition i. 8 The theory of value..has been treated..with particular reference to the problem of two sellers, or ‘duopoly’, and we may extend this terminology, adding ‘oligopoly’ for a few sellers. 1954Wall St. Jrnl. 13 Dec. 3/3 ‘Oligopoly’—monopoly power in the hands of two or more companies. 1957Economist 7 Sept. 769/2 The small but bustling textile industry is now giving a miniature demonstration of the oligopoly stage of capitalism as the big firms begin to mop up the smaller ones. 1959[see duopoly b]. 1967J. K. Galbraith New Industrial State xvi. 180 Under the cognomen of oligopoly it is assumed in its price-making to have some of the powers of a monopoly and some of the restraints of competition. 1970Daily Tel. 23 Jan. 18 Deciding when monopoly or oligopoly is or is not..‘against the public interest’. 1974M. B. Brown Econ. of Imperialism iii. 52 The driving force behind the extension of commodity production under capitalism is the competition of capitalists, even under conditions of oligopoly. 1977Dædalus Fall 92 Oligopolies will tend to have excess physical capacity.
Hence oliˈgopolist; oliˌgopoˈlistic a.
1939J. A. Schumpeter Business Cycles I. ii. 60 The general statement that oligopolistic prices are indeterminate would be misleading. 1947Jrnl. Pol. Econ. LV. 432/1 Observed price rigidities in oligopolistic industries. 1958Jrnl. of Business (Chicago Univ.) XXXI. 198/1 Frequently, in the case of older products, some measure of oligopolistic uncertainty exists. 1959Economist 28 Mar. 1175/1 Increases between 1953 and 1957 came about entirely from prices in the oligopolistic industries. 1959de Chazeau & Kahn Integration & Competition in Petroleum Industry xvii. 443 Having achieved the touchstone of crude oil production control, the leading firms and practically the industry as a whole behave like self-conscious oligopolists. 1967Spectator 28 July 113/2 The big cleaning material manufacturers (I mean, of course, the soap and washing powder oligopolists) have all been making efforts to grab a slice of this easy market. 1971K. Hopkins Hong Kong 212 Oligopolistic industries dominated by large corporations do not exist in Hong Kong. 1975New Law Jrnl. 11 Sept. 892/1 The provisions of article 86 of the EEC treaty are designed to proscribe monopolistic, oligopolistic or, in certain respects, a monopsonic position being exploited at the expense of other producers or of consumers in the European Common Market. 1977Dædalus Fall 92 The world is not a two-person zero-sum game, and no oligopolist expects competitors to hold their prices or quantities fixed in response to his moves. |