| 释义 |
nylon|ˈnaɪlɒn|
Also Nylon.
[Invented word, with -on suggested by rayon, cotton.
There is no evidence to support the derivations freq. given for this word in popular sources. Cf. the following quot.: 1940 Women's Wear Daily 9 Feb. 22 The du Pont letter, written by John W. Eckelberry, covers the general status of nylon as follows: ‘The word is a generic word coined by the du Pont Co. It is not a registered name or trademark... We wish to emphasize the following additional points: First, that the letters n-y-l-o-n have absolutely no significance, etymologically or otherwise... Because the names of two textile fibers in common use—namely ‘cotton’ and ‘rayon’, end with letters ‘on’..it was felt that a word ending in ‘on’ might be desirable. A number of words..were rejected because it was found they were not sufficiently distinct from words found in the dictionary, or in lists of classified trademarks. After much deliberation, the term ‘nylon’ was finally adopted.’]
1. Any of the thermoplastics that are wholly synthetic polyamides with a straight-chain molecular structure, many of which are tough, lightweight, and resistant to heat and chemicals, may be produced as filaments, bristles, or sheets and as moulded objects, and are widely used for textile fabrics and industrially; esp. nylon 66, made from adipic acid and hexamethylenediamine.
1938N.Y. Times 28 Oct. 34/3 ‘Nylon’ is a generic name, coined by the du Pont chemists, to designate all materials defined scientifically as ‘synthetic fiber-forming polymeric amides having a protein-like chemical structure; derivable from coal, air and water, or other substances, and characterized by extreme toughness and strength and the peculiar ability to be formed into fibers and into various shapes, such as bristles and sheets’. 1940Times 21 Mar. 5/5 Imperial Chemical Industries, Limited, announce that progress is being made in the erection of three factories for the manufacture of nylon in England. 1942Industr. & Engin. Chem. Jan. 56/2 After polymerization, the molten nylon is extruded as a ribbon onto a chilled roll. 1943Chem. Abstr. XXXVII. 3947 A description of the manuf. of No. 66 Nylon (as the most important nylon). 1950R. W. Moncrieff Artificial Fibres xvii. 206 ‘610’ nylon may be preferred to ‘66’, for use as bristles. 1955Sci. News Let. 2 Apr. 217/2 The new, tempered form of nylon, named Nylon 8 by the Du Pont Co., is a liquid. It can be molded into fuel tanks, pipes, gaskets and seals. 1958D. E. Floyd Polyamide Resins i. 4 Nylon-6,10 means that the diamine contained 6 carbon atoms and the dibasic acid contained 10 carbon atoms. 1963H. R. Clauser Encycl. Engin. Materials 451/1 Nylons resist electrolytic corrosion, hydrolysis, fungi, bacteria and most chemicals. 1964Which? Aug. 253/2 There are a number of different nylons used in textiles. Ibid., Fabrics made from nylon tend to attract dirt. 1964N. G. Clark Mod. Org. Chem. xvii. 361 The most famous example of this is nylon 66 (popularly known as Nylon), which is straight chain polyamide constructed from two six-carbon components. 1972J. Wren-Lewis in Cox & Dyson 20th-Cent. Mind II. ix. 279 In modern chemical jargon the term ‘nylon’ refers, not to any one specific material but to any macromolecular material made by interacting dibasic acids with diamines: such materials are sometimes also called polyamides. 1973Sci. Amer. July 42/3 Today the matrix in glass-reinforced composites may be either a thermoset plastic, such as polyester,..or any of a number of thermoplastic resins, such as nylon, polyethylene or polystyrene.
2. pl. Nylon stockings.
1940Woman (U.S.) V. ii. 68 Dunk your nylons in rich suds of neutral soap. 1948Daily Mail 21 Apr. 1/2 The two cases were opened by Customs officers. Both were full of nylons and powder compacts. 1951M. McLuhan Mech. Bride (1967) 33/1 Food and nylons..are consumed and promoted with moral fervor. 1957J. Braine Room at Top vii. 72 High heels and nylons. 1965N.Y. Times 16 May vi. 80/2 By 1964, silk and rayon stockings were almost unknown in the United States, while production of nylons had risen to 83,900,000 dozen pairs. 1966J. Betjeman High & Low 67 Encase your legs in nylons, Bestride your hills with pylons, O age without a soul.
3. Fabric or cloth made from nylon yarn.
1940Jrnl. R. Aeronaut. Soc. XLIV. 312 Possible use of synthetic textile Nylon as a parachute material. 1945Times 6 Nov. 4/4 Arrangements are being made for the conversion into clothing and other goods of 26,000,000 yards of nylon, cotton and celanese which will become available from finished parachutes surrendered by the services as surplus. 1958Woman's Own 5 Feb. 37/3 (Advt.), Nighties, blouses, slips, underwear in silk, nylon, rayon, ‘Terylene’, chiffon..keep their soft sheen and filmy finery. 1967E. Short Embroidery & Fabric Collage iii. 81 Appliqué in more net, or in nylon, organdie, etc., would give weight and definition to the design.
II.
4. attrib. or as adj. Made or consisting of nylon.
1939Industrial Fibres Rev. III. 167/1 The first considerable use of ‘Nylon’ yarn will be in the full-fashioned hose trade where silk is at present the raw material. 1941Jrnl. R. Aeronaut. Soc. XLV. 219 Fabrics manufactured of Nylon artificial fibre, a coal derivative.., has [sic] been..compared with pure silk, as a possible substitute for the latter, for use in the manufacture of parachutes. 1941Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 4 Oct. 1221/1 One of the principal reasons why Nylon stockings have achieved popularity is the fact that they are more ‘sheer’ than silk stockings. 1951Good Housek. Home Encycl. 29/2 Nylon brushes are available in a variety of colours. 1958New Statesman 28 June 831/1 Men who had nylon shirts and terylene suits before those fabrics got into Marks and Spencer's. 1958L. van der Post Lost World of Kalahari ix. 209 We had to make our home under a nylon tarpaulin stretched taut between our Land-Rovers. 1961Lancet 22 July 206/2 Nylon film as a wrapping material for sterilisation. 1968Bodl. Libr. Rec. VIII. 61 It runs on four 4-inch nylon wheels fitted with roller bearings. 1973‘E. Peters’ City of Gold & Shadows iv. 65 In a nylon jersey house-gown..she could not possibly be anyone but Mrs. Paviour.
b. (See quots.)
1955Caribbean Q. IV. ii. 103 Nylon, pronounced ‘nilô’ or ‘dilô’ has come to signify anything new, different, and better. The new ice house in Soufriere advertises ‘nylon’ ice, and nylon starch and nylon peanuts can be had, the latter being candies shaped like peanuts. 1967Cassidy & Le Page Dict. Jamaican Eng. 326/2 Nylon road, any new very smooth asphalt-surfaced road—much smoother than the average Jamaican road. (From about 1958, FGC.)
5. General attrib.
1942Industr. & Engin. Chem. Jan. 58/2 The nylon industry is only in its infancy. 1951Economist 22 Sept. 686/1 Nylon output is now running at an annual rate of 100 million pounds. 1953K. H. Inderfurth Nylon Technol. 11 Du Pont's third nylon plant. 1963H. R. Clauser Encycl. Engin. Materials 452/1 Tubing and rod stock manufacture, plus the coating of wire and cable, are the major forms of nylon extrusion.
6. Comb.
a. Instrumental, as nylon-covered, nylon-faced adjs.b. Parasynthetic, as nylon-bristled, nylon-geared, nylon-legged, nylon-tipped adjs.
1954H. R. Mauersberger in Matthews's Textile Fibers (ed. 6) xviii. 946 Nylon-bristled toothbrushes. 1960Farmer & Stockbreeder 29 Mar. 75/3 The pump..incorporates nylon-covered steel rollers to push the milk round. 1967Jane's Surface Skimmer Systems 1967–68 25/1 Propulsion fans are driven by nylon-faced toothed rubber timing belts.
1961Listener 5 Oct. 498/2 Nylon-geared egg beaters.
1954J. Betjeman Few Late Chrysanthemums 74 And country girls with lips and nails vermilion Wait, nylon-legged, to straddle on the pillion. 1966Melody Maker 23 July 10/4 His [drum] sticks are..Autocrat nylon⁓tipped and Japanese Star 7a.
7. Special comb.: nylon (stocking) dermatitis, dermatitis caused by the dye of nylon stockings; nylon salt, a salt formed by the reaction of hexamethylenediamine (or another diamine) with adipic acid (or another dibasic acid), which is polymerized to give nylon.
1954H. R. Mauersberger in Matthews's Textile Fibers (ed. 6) xviii. 961 Any references to ‘nylon dermatitis’..are distinct misnomers. 1964Listener 26 Mar. 520/1 Nylon dermatitis and bunions are related to fashions of dress.
1945Industr. Fibres & By-Products VII. 53/2 The nylon salt solution is..ready to be made into new nylon polymer. 1958D. E. Floyd Polyamide Resins iv. 54 Nylon salts may be formed in water or aqueous alcohol solution and are crystallized from aqueous alcohol or alcohol itself. They are usually soluble in water, but insoluble in alcohol, acetone, ether, or hydrocarbons. 1964J. G. Cook Your Guide to Plastics 239 Hexamethylene diamine and adipic acid are reacted together to form a salt, hexamethylene diammonium adipate, or ‘nylon salt’. Ibid. 240 Hexamethylene diamine and sebacic acid are combined to form nylon 6:10 salt, or hexamethylene diammonium sebacate.
1947Jrnl. Investigative Dermatol. IX. 207 All the subjects suffering from nylon stocking dermatitis were hypersensitive to azodyes used in the manufacture of the stockings. 1957Year Bk. Dermatol. & Syphilol. 117 Nylon stocking dermatitis results from sensitivity to the dye. |