| 释义 |
▪ I. pulp, n.|pʌlp|
[ad. L. pulpa the fleshy portion of the animal body; also, the pulp of fruit, the pith of wood: cf. F. poulpe (R. Estienne 1539), polpe, pulpe (Cotgr. 1611).]
A soft, moist, homogeneous or formless substance or mass: in various applications.
1. The fleshy succulent part of a fruit; also, the soft pith in the interior of the stem of a plant.
1563T. Hill Art Garden. (1593) 154 Gourds without seeds, hauing onely but a soft pulpe within. 1578Lyte Dodoens ii. lxxxix. 269 The right Fenell hath round knottie stalkes..filled with a certaine white pithe or light pulpe. 1605Timme Quersit. iii. 179 Take the marrow or pulp of cassia. 1712E. Cooke Voy. S. Sea 338 There is another Sort like a Curan, has a white Pulp. 1785Martyn Rousseau's Bot. vii. (1794) 74 note, The apple also has a firmer pulp. 1832Tennyson Pal. Art (ed. 1833) li, Ambrosial pulps and juices.
2. Any soft muscular or fleshy part of an animal body; the fleshy part of the limbs, hands, fingertips, etc.; the soft substance of internal parts of organs, as the spleen, the intervertebral disks, etc.; the soft nervous substance which fills the interior cavity of a tooth.
(This may have been the earliest sense in Eng., as in L.)
1611Cotgr., Polpe, the pulpe; brawne or fleshie part of the bodie. 1615Crooke Body of Man 815 These two together with the fourth doe make the pulpe or calfe of the Leg. 1685Boyle Enq. Notion Nat. 297 If..you carefully stop the upper Orifice with the Pulp of your Finger. 1713Steele Guard. No. 26 ⁋6 It is not for me to celebrate the lovely height of her forehead, the soft pulp of her lips. 1835–6Todd's Cycl. Anat. I. 311/2 There was a gelatinous pulp, analogous to the pulps which secrete teeth. 1848Carpenter Anim. Phys. 144 The matter composing this little body, which is termed the pulp, is gradually converted into the ivory of the tooth. 1858O. W. Holmes Aut. Breakf.-t. ix. (1883) 183 He..touched the..corner of his right eye with the pulp of his middle finger.
3. a. A soft formless mass; esp. of disintegrated organic matter, produced by moistening and trituration or by boiling.
1676Worlidge Cyder (1691) 108 One end..may serve to contain the fruit, the other the vessels for the pulp. 1692Sir T. P. Blount Ess. 67 They boyl the bodies of their Dead, and afterwards pound them to a pulpe. 1792Trans. Soc. Arts X. 145 Nine acres of the land..was almost an entire pulp. 1838T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 839 A determinate quantity of potatoes was reduced with water to a pulp. 1853Kane Grinnell Exp. xxxviii. (1856) 346 The trodden paths around our ship are in muddy pulp, adhering to the boots. 1868Rep. U.S. Commissioner Agric. (1869) 161 Beet pulp for fattening cattle.
b. spec. The fibrous material, as linen, wood, etc., reduced to a soft uniform mass, from which paper is manufactured; paper-pulp.
1727–41Chambers Cycl. s.v. Paper, Paper is chiefly made among us of linen or hempen rags, beaten to a pulp in water. 1825J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 377 The most eligible mode of adjusting the thickness of the paper would be by varying the proportion of the surface of the cylinder, which is covered with pulp. 1846McCulloch Acc. Brit. Empire (1854) I. 749 The first idea of a machine for converting pulp into paper, originated in France, the inventor being an ingenious workman of the name of Louis Robert. 1862Fraser's Mag. Nov. 637 It is only necessary to put the wood into one end of the machine, and take out at the other the pulp ready for being converted into paper. 1902Westm. Gaz. 27 May 9/3 Rags are no longer available in sufficient quantities for paper-making. Hence the resource to vegetable fibres such as wood-pulp... Experts regard the pulp re-made from old newspapers as about equal to calico pulp.
c. Ore pulverized and mixed with water, in which condition the dross is washed out; slimes. dry pulp, dry crushed ore.
1837J. T. Smith tr. Vicat's Mortars 164 Each of these being hollowed in the middle like a funnel, received a fluid pulp, composed..of clay and water. 1872Raymond Statist. Mines & Mining 137 The bullion, pulp, and tailings were tested by assay. 1877Ibid. 24 Ten pans, holding 1 ton each of dry pulp.
4. fig.
a. Appearance of pulpiness (of texture).
1801Fuseli in Lect. Paint. ii. (1848) 383 The beauties of oil-colour, its glow, its juice, its richness, its pulp.
b. Something of a ‘pulpy’ character, without stability, strength, or ‘backbone’.
1878T. L. Cuyler Pointed Papers 164 The difference is clearly marked between the boy who has moral pluck and the boy who is mere pulp.
c. orig. U.S. Ephemeral literature, esp. (in derogatory use) that regarded as being of poor quality; popular or sensational writing generally. Freq. attrib., as pulp artist, pulp fiction, pulp novel, pulp writer, etc. Also ellipt. = pulp magazine (sense 5 c below). Also transf.
1931Frontier (Missoula, Montana) Nov. 82/1 Even should he fail to publish in the big magazines, and never graduate from the ‘pulps’, he can rise to as much as ten cents a word. 1945[see glossy n. b]. 1945R. Chandler Let. 24 Aug. (1966) 201 Marlowe just grew out of the pulps. He was no one person. 1951Wodehouse Old Reliable ii. 32 Half the best known writers today started on the pulps. 1952M. Steen Phoenix Rising iii. 69 [He] picked up a handful of old pulps. 1966New Statesman 15 July 104/3 There's only one well-known actor... The bulk of the others' experience comes from local rep, TV pulp and Shaftesbury Avenue trivia. 1972D. E. Westlake Bank Shot iv. 24 He'd discovered the pulps..when he was in high school. 1976National Observer (U.S.) 3 July 17/1 When I started..the pulps were gasping their last.
attrib.1936Pulp writer [see ace 2 d]. 1946R. Chandler Let. 2 Oct. (1966) 24 We have a much better home than an out-of-work pulp writer has any right to expect. 1951M. McLuhan Mech. Bride (1967) 151/1 Why aren't you interested in the private lives of the strippers and pulp artists who upholster our desert landscape? 1955L. A. Fiedler in D. Lodge 20th Cent. Lit. Crit. (1972) 464 Wordless narrative: digests, pulp fiction, movies, picture magazines. 1958New Statesman 6 Sept. 294/3 The wretched reader of pulp literature is encouraged to dream of sins and orgies he is forbidden to enact. 1959Listener 30 July 176/3 The pulp novels of Mickey Spillane. 1965Ibid. 27 May 788/1 Feelings should not run too high over sophisticated pulp literature. 1970G. Greer Female Eunuch 164 The bored housewife..intoning the otherwise very forgettable words of some pulp lovesong. 1975J. McClure Snake viii. 102 Constrictors..are certainly not given to crushing anything to a bloody pulp. As pulp fiction would have it! 1976Listener 29 July 122/2 Cody..met up with a pulp novelist..who proceeded to set Cody up as a regular frontier hero in a series of literary adventures. 1977Time Out 17–23 June 35/3 Juicy pulp movie about the organisation's efforts to move in on the truck hi-jacking operataion run by Anna and her girls.
5. attrib. and Comb.
a. esp. in technical terms referring (a) to the preparation of pulp for making paper (sense 3 b), as pulp-chest, pulp factory, pulp industry, pulp-maker, pulp-strainer, pulp-ware; pulp-making n. and adj., pulp-made adj.; or (b) to the pulp of the teeth (sense 2), as pulp-cell, pulp-fissure, etc.; also pulp-assay (sense 3 c), pulp-hole, pulp-pit, etc.
b. Special Comb.: pulp-board, a kind of millboard made directly from paper-pulp, instead of being made like pasteboard from paper; pulp-boiler = pulp-digester; pulp-canal, the pulp-cavity in the fang of a tooth; pulp-capping, the covering the soft interior of a tooth by artificial means; pulp-cavity, -chamber, the space in the interior of a tooth which contains the pulp; pulp-digester, a machine for reducing paper-stock and obtaining the fibre free from extraneous matter; pulp-dresser, -engine, -grinder, -machine, machines used in the preparation of paper-pulp; pulp-meter, an apparatus for measuring the amount of pulp required for a specified thickness of paper; pulp-mill, a mill in which wood is reduced to paper-pulp; also, a factory in which pulping is carried on; pulp-nodule, an excrescence of dentine in the pulp-cavity of a tooth; pulp paper, newsprint; paper of similar texture used for books or magazines; pulp-stone, (a) = pulp-nodule; (b) a stone used like a grindstone for reducing wood to pulp; pulp-washer, a machine for removing impurities from paper-pulp; pulpwood, wood suitable for making paper-pulp.
c. (in sense 4 c) pulp magazine, a magazine devoted to popular or sensational literature; also (with hyphen) attrib.
1881Raymond Mining Gloss., *Pulp-assay, the assay of samples taken from the pulp after or during crushing. 1882Rep. to Ho. Repr. Prec. Met. U.S. 123 Pulp assays averaging about $130 per ton.
1904Let. to Editor fr. Jas. Spicer & Sons, There are strawboards, made, (as the name implies) from straw, and *pulp boards, (white and coloured), various qualities, all made direct from the pulp. ― Let. fr. J. Dickenson & Co., A Millboard is a Pulp Board of a dark color, made from old Rope, Bagging, etc., and also finished by mechanical pressure, without the aid of paste.
1845Owen Odontography II. Descr. Plates 16 The large central vascular or *pulp canals.
1875Dental Cosmos XVII. 507 The success attending *pulp-capping.
1840Owen Odontography I. ii. iv. 245 The *pulp-cavity in old teeth becomes occupied by a coarse bone.
1872L. P. Meredith Teeth (1878) 54 Each [tooth] is supplied with blood vessels and nerves, which unite in a common *pulp chamber.
1853Ure Dict. Arts II. 350 A box..kept full of pulp from the *pulp-chest.
1893Westm. Gaz. 2 Mar. 9/1 The Factory Inspectors..never see the *pulp-holes where all the bad jam and lemon-peel are thrown.
1858Greener Gunnery 387 From the *pulp-made cartridge paper.
1931Frontier (Missoula, Montana) Nov. 83/1 We need some outlets for the work, with pay, of young and enthusiastic writers; something to keep them away from the ‘*pulp’ and ‘slick paper’ magazines. 1934Sun (Baltimore) 15 Mar. 21/1 He wrote ‘Western’ fiction for the ‘pulp’ magazines. 1937A. Huxley Ends & Means xii. 191 Each month the pulp magazines offer to millions of readers their quota of true confessions, film fun, spicy detective stories, hot mysteries. Ibid. 207 Pulp-magazine stories are transcriptions of the commonest and easiest day-dreams. 1944‘G. Orwell’ in Horizon Oct. 239 English imitations of the ‘pulp magazine’ do now exist. 1954Koestler Invisible Writing iii. xv. 186 We churned out a couple of detective stories for pulp magazines. 1968E. A. McCourt Saskatchewan vii. 76 Farwell, as various stories attributed to him suggest, had a pulp-magazine mind. 1975Times Lit. Suppl. 10 Oct. 1174/2 The Continental Op is the anonymous narrator of the stories which Dashiell Hammett wrote for the pulp magazine Black Mask during the 1920s.
1883D. A. Wells Pract. Econ. (1885) 107 Even the *pulp-makers..will find difficulty in marketing their pulp in the immediate future. 1901Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 31 Oct. 3/2 It is therefore just as desirable that information should be compiled for their [sc. fishermen's] use as for the use of miners, lumbermen, pulp-makers or farmers. 1909Pulp-maker [see log-lumberer s.v. log n.1 9 b].
1901Westm. Gaz. 31 Oct. 2/1 Probably in the near future half the sawing-mills and paper- and *pulp-making mills which supply Europe will be transferred to Finland from Norway and Germany.
1853Ure Dict. Arts II. 350 The *pulp⁓meter which is driven in connection with the paper machine.
1898Daily News 26 July 5/7 He has started *pulp mills and lumber mills, and he has made other valuable mineral finds.
1872L. P. Meredith Teeth (1878) 132 It is a very hard matter to decide whether *pulp nodules exist or not.
1908Kipling Lett. of Travel (1920) 154 The advertising of Canadian papers,..the brittle *pulp-paper, the machine-set type. 1931Times Lit. Suppl. 9 July 542/3 The choice between writing for those pulp-paper magazines that pay by the word and the smooth-paper magazines that pay by the story.
1883Cassell's Fam. Mag. Aug. 528/1 The [coffee-] bean falls over into a sieve below, and the skin is dragged behind the cylinder and escapes by a spout to the *pulp-pit.
1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VI. 742 Irregular calcification, with the formation of *pulp-stones, frequently leaves some living pulp. 1901J. H. Pratt in Mineral Resources of U.S. 789 Pulpstones differ from grindstones in having a much broader face. 1957Encycl. Brit. XVII. 232/2 Natural pulpstones are 27 to 36 in. wide by 54 in. or more in diameter. Artificial stones are 27 to 54 in. wide and 54 to 72 in. in diameter.
1885Rep. New Hampshire Forestry Comm. 10 Telegraph-poles, *pulp-wood, bark, etc. 1900Montreal Witness 13 Feb. 4/5 The tariff of dues on pulpwood. 1901Westm. Gaz. 2 Apr. 6/2 The district..contains a great pulpwood forest, besides 3,000,000,000 ft. of pinewood. 1928R. S. Troup Silvicultural Syst. xvii. 177 Where coniferous forests are grown solely for pulpwood or mining timber, the clear-cutting system with artificial regeneration is often the only one feasible. 1960‘N. Shute’ Trustee from Toolroom x. 284 The offcuts were turned into pulpwood for newsprint. 1974Globe & Mail (Toronto) 28 Nov. 45/2 The spruce, which produced its first shoot a few weeks ago, is the first pulpwood tree anywhere to be grown in this way, according to scientists involved in the project.
▪ II. pulp, v.|pʌlp|
[f. pulp n., in various senses.]
1. trans. To reduce to pulp or to a pulpy mass.
1662[see pulping]. 1683Tryon Way to Health xv. (1697) 368 Conserve of Old-Red-Roses pulped. 1741Compl. Fam. Piece i. ii. 122 Some love the Gooseberries only mashed, not pulped through a Sieve. 1875Encycl. Brit. (ed. 9) I. 327/1 By pulping the roots and mixing them with a full allowance of chaff, every animal gets its fill. 1898Q. Rev. Apr. 378 The whole work, of which 10,000 copies had been prepared, was seized by Savary and pulped.
†2. To make pulpy, give a pulpy appearance to.
1704Steele Lying Lover iii, That [patch] so low on the Cheeks pulps the Flesh too much.
3. To remove the surrounding pulp from (coffee-beans, or the like).
1791Trans. Soc. Arts VII. 180 The saving of time in pulping, peeling, picking it [coffee] clean. 1793B. Edwards West Ind. II. v. iv. 295 The other mode is to pulp it [the coffee] immediately as it comes from the tree. 1894[see pulper 2].
4. intr. To become pulpy, to swell with juice.
1818Keats Song, ‘Hush, Hush! tread softly’, My Isabel's eyes, and her lips pulp'd with bloom. a1821― Extracts fr. Opera, A kiss should bud upon the tree of love, And pulp and ripen richer every hour. 1852R. H. Stoddard Poems 32 The buried seed begins to pulp and swell In Earth's warm bosom.
Hence pulped |pʌlpt| ppl. a., reduced to pulp.
1806A. Hunter Culina (ed. 3) 154 Put the soup into a stew-pan, with..the pulped pease. 1890Farmer's Gaz. 4 Jan. 1/1 Crushed oats and cake, mixed with pulped turnips, for a midday feed. |