| 释义 |
negativism|ˈnɛgətɪvɪz(ə)m|
[f. as prec. + -ism.]
1. The doctrines of a negationist; doctrine characterized by denial.
1824in Mem. F. Perthes (1856) II. xx. 295 The superlative of positivism is a bedlamite: of negativism a cipher. 1865Athenæum No. 1949. 312/3 The negativism which Comte calls positivism. 1872Morley Voltaire 208 The inundation of Europe by the literature of negativism and repudiation.
2. Psychol. Resistance to attempts to impose a change of activity or posture, characteristic of various neuropsychiatric disorders.
1892D. H. Tuke Dict. Psychol. Med. II. 724/2 As soon as we attempt to produce passive movements of any part of the patient's body, we meet almost always with a powerful resistance; the groups of muscles antagonistic to the attempted movement commence to contract energetically—this has been termed the symptom of negativism. 1902A. R. Defendorf Clin. Psychiatry 63 Negativism consists in the reaction to stimuli which are [sic] the reverse of the normal reaction. 1916A. A. Brill tr. Freud's Wit & its Relation to Unconscious iii. vi. 278 This..behavior of antagonistic relationships is probably not without value for the understanding of the symptom of negativism in neurotics and in the insane. 1947G. Murphy Personality ii. ix. 218 Negativism appears..at any period in which the external interference is insufficient to redirect behavior but is sufficient to necessitate an extra effort in continuing one's own activities. 1969Sci. Jrnl. June 72/2 The patient continued to maintain his negativism and said ‘I don't know’. 1971Publishers' Weekly 30 Aug. 209/3 Solutions to the problems of fear, tension, guilt, loneliness, and negativism.
Add:3. The tendency to take an attitude which is ‘negative’ (sense 5 b); refusal to co-operate or agree; hostility, opposition.
1970San Diego Union 12 Sept. 1/5 Vice-President Spiro T. Agnew last night denounced the ‘nattering nabobs of negativism,’ the ‘professional pessimists’. 1977Sci. Amer. May 139/3 The third example showed ‘adamant negativism’ on the part of the U.S.S.R. in a matter of the verification of prohibited biological weapons. 1978Studies in Eng. Lit.: Eng. Number (Tokyo) 176 This negativism took the form of an opposition towards the metropolis and its fashions. 1985P. Ziegler Mountbatten iii. xxix. 367 Nehru had presented him as a monster of negativism, a man who would agree to nothing because it might split his followers if he did. 1986N.Y. Times 13 Nov. d27/1 The law was defeated partly because of voter negativism about other issues and races. |