| 释义 |
▪ I. rheme Logic and Linguistics.|riːm|
Also rhema. Pl. rhemas, -ata (rare), rhemes.
[ad. Gr. ῥῆµα, -ατος that which is said, word, saying.]
That part of a proposition or sentence which expresses a single idea. Specialized use in current linguistics: that part of a sentence giving new information about the theme. Cf. monorheme, rhetic a.
1892C. S. Peirce in Open Court VI. 3417/1 A rhema is closely analogous to a chemical atom or radicle with unsaturated bonds. A non-relative rhema is like a univalent radicle; it has but one unsaturated bond. A relative rhema is like a multivalent radicle. Ibid., Two non-relative rhemas being joined give a complete proposition. Ibid. 3417/2 It follows that if we find three distinct and irreducible forms of rhemata, the ideas of these should be the three elementary conceptions of metaphysics. 1897J. P. Postgate in Fortn. Rev. Sept. 428, I propose..to call the expression of a single idea or notion a rheme from ῥῆµα, ‘a thing said’ and to distinguish the expressions of qualifications and connections of such rhemes by calling them epirrhemes though, as a general term, rheme may serve for both. c1903C. S. Peirce in Coll. Papers (1932) II. ii. ii. 144 A Rheme is a sign which, for its Interpretant, is a Sign of qualitative Possibility, that is, is understood as representing such and such a kind of possible Object. 1955[see pheme]. 1959J. Firbas in Brno Studies in English I. 39 Those sentence elements which convey something that is known, or may be inferred, from the verbal or from the situational context..are to be regarded as the communicative basis, as the theme of the sentence. On the other hand, those sentence elements which convey the new piece of information are to be regarded as the communicative nucleus, as the rheme of the sentence. 1972J. Vachek in V. Fried Prague Sch. Linguistics i. 19 The other part, now usually called the rheme, contains the essential information transmitted by the given sentence-utterance and so substantially enriches the listener's knowledge. 1976Archivum Linguisticum VII. 130 He points out that the distinction between old and new information has been recognized as the dichotomy of ‘theme’ and ‘rheme’ in the Prague school of linguistics, and under the terms ‘topic’ and ‘comment’ in recent times. 1976Geach & Kenny Prior's Doctrine of Propositions & Terms 88 Predicates thus conceived as propositions with their subjects left out he called ‘rhemes’, from the Greek for ‘verb’. More often he excepts proper names and especially demonstrative pronouns, i.e. the kinds of ‘terms’ which may fill the blanks in ‘rhemes’ but which are not ‘rhemes’ themselves.
▪ II. rheme
obs. form of ream n.3 |