| 释义 |
monogenesis|mɒnəʊˈdʒɛnɪsɪs|
[a. mod.L.: see mono- and genesis. Cf. F. monogenèse.]
1. Geol. Oneness of origin.
1864Webster (cites Dana).
2. Biol. in various uses (see quots.).
1866Brande & Cox Dict. Sci., etc., Monogenesis. Professor van Beneden understands this term as applied to the direct development, e.g. of an Entozoon from a parent resembling itself. Prof. A. Thomson uses it as applied to descent of an individual from one parent form, containing both the sperm cell and germ cell, or male and female parent principles. 1866Chamb. Encycl. VIII. 195/2 The terms Monogenesis and Homogenesis have been..applied to the cases in which non-sexual reproduction takes place by fission or gemmation. 1882Ogilvie, Monogenesis..(c) Defined by Haeckel to mean development of all the beings in the universe from a single cell. 1891Syd. Soc. Lex., Monogenesis,..the doctrine of the descent of the members of a species from an original single pair. Ibid., Monogenesis,..the same as Monogeny.
3. Linguistics. The theory that all languages have one common origin.
[1905A. Trombetti L'Unità d' Origine del Linguaggio 56 Noi dunque consideriamo la monogenesi del linguaggio per lo meno come un argomento assai forte in favore della monogenesi dell' uomo.] 1936Science & Society I. 23 At various times scholars have raised the question of monogenesis as opposed to polygenesis of human speech: whether it had a single origin at a given time and place, whence it spread over the rest of the earth, or whether it was independently evolved by different branches of the human family. 1949Archivum Linguisticum I. 76 The issue of monogenesis versus polygenesis is likewise evaded, although a critical appraisal of Trombetti's arguments might have been useful. 1949M. Pei Story of Lang. (1952) vii. 357 A few daring linguists, like the Italian Trombetti, have strenuously asserted the thesis of the ‘monogenesis’, or single common origin, of all the world's tongues. 1966H. Landar Lang. & Culture xx. 153 His guess implicates a monogenesis of the world's languages, much as the Italian duck-hunter Trombetti supposed, but a monogenesis which occurred as recently as 30,000 years ago.
Hence monoˈgenesist = monogenist.
1862Temple Bar V. 215 The theory of gradual climatic changes must..be abandoned, and the mongenesists must..fall back upon a new line of defences... This quarrel of the mono- and polygenesists..is a very pretty one. |