| 释义 |
▪ I. † feign, n. Obs. rare—1.
[f. next vb.]
The action of feigning; pretence, deceit. In phrase, without feign.
c1320Cast. Love 1482 Another that come fro hevyn, with⁓out feyn.
▪ II. feign, v.|feɪn|
Forms: 3–7 feigne, feine, -yne, 6 feygne, (3 feinyhe, 5 feyn-yn), 3–5 fene, (4 feny), 4–7 fain(e, -yn(e, (6 feane), 6–7 faigne (6 faynd), 6– feign. Sc. 4 fenyhe, 5 fenȝe, fenye, 6 fenȝie, feinȝie, feynȝe (printed feynze), 7 fane. Also 4 i-feyn.
[ME. feinen, feignen, ad. OF. feindre (pr. pple. feign-ant):—Lat. fingĕre to form, mould, feign, whence fiction, figment. Cf. Pr. fenher, finher, Sp., Pg. fingir, It. fingere.]
I.
1. trans. In material sense: To fashion, form, shape. Obs. exc. as nonce-use after Lat.
a1300E.E. Psalter xciii. [xciv.] 9 Þat feinyhes egh, noght sees with-al? 1877L. Morris Epic Hades i. 71 A dull fretful child Crushes its toys and knows not with what skill Those feeble forms are feigned.
II. To fashion fictitiously or deceptively.
2. To invent (a story, excuse, accusation); to forge (a document).
a1300Cursor M. 22007 (Cott.) Nathing sal I fene yow neu. 1297R. Glouc. (1724) 421 Somme feynede a delay. 1393Gower Conf. III. 175 Thou hast feigned This tale. 1430–50tr. Higden (Rolls) II. 373 Somme fables be feynede for cause of delectation. 1534Cranmer in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. iii. II. 317 All that ever she said was fayned of her owne ymagynacion. 1655Fuller Ch. Hist. i. iii. §7 As I find little, so I will feign nothing. 1736Butler Anal. I. ii. vii. 265 There is nothing in the Characters, which would raise a Thought of their being feigned. 1790Paley Horæ Paul. Rom. ii. 19 Shall we say that the author..feigned this anecdote of St. Paul? 1862Ld. Brougham Brit. Const. x. 128 Fables, feigned by the superstition..of the people.
†b. to feign (a slander, fault) upon, against: to allege falsely against, attribute falsely to. Obs.
1535Joye Apol. Tindale 1 Sclaunders fayned upon me. c1615Lives Women Saints 31 She fayned her owne falte on the chaste yong prince. 1654tr. Martinius' Conq. China 205 Having feigned many crimes against the Priests.
†c. To invent, ‘coin’ (a word). Obs.
1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1673) 413 In Germany they call it ‘Pile’ and ‘Zisel’; and of this German word was the Latine ‘Citellus’ feigned. 1607[see feigned ppl. a. 2].
†d. To contrive (a deception). Obs.
1690W. Walker Idiomat. Anglo-Lat. 170 They fain a wile..among themselves.
3. To relate or represent in fiction; to fable. Const. with simple compl., with obj. and inf., or with sentence as obj. Now rare.
1413Lydg. Pilgr. Sowle v. viii. (1483) 99 Orpheus was so swete an harpoure as the clerkes feynen that [etc.]. a1569A. Kingsmill Godly Advise (1580) 15 The Poets..fained there were iii She Goddesses in contention for their beautie. 1585Jas. I Ess. Poesie (Arb.) 75 Harpyes..whome the Poets feynzeis to represent theuis. 1598R. Barckley Felic. Man ii. (1603) 118 Diogenes is fained to see the rich King Crœsus among the dead. 1642Fuller Holy & Prof. St. ii. viii. 77 Well did the Poets feigne Pallas Patronesse of arts and armes. c1645Howell Lett. ii. 34 They faind a Post to come puffing upon the stage. 1667Milton P.L. xi. 627 Things..worse Than Fables yet have feign'd. 1727De Foe Syst. Magic i. ii. (1840) 41 Atlas..is feigned by the ancients to carry the world upon his shoulders. 1770Langhorne Plutarch (1879) I. 65/2 The poets feign of Hercules, that only with a club and lion's skin he travelled over the world. 1816J. Wilson City of Plague iii. i. 343 Drest is she all in white, as Poets feign The angel Innocence.
†b. absol. and intr. To make fictitious statements; to indulge in fiction. Obs.
c1384Chaucer H. Fame iii. 388 Oon seyde that Omere made lyes, Feyninge in his poetryes. c1400Destr. Troy 419 Ouyd..feynit in his fablis. 1570B. Googe Pop. Kingd. i. 15 Nor vnaduisedly we speake, nor rashly thereof fayne. 1605B. Jonson Volpone ii. i, He that should write But such a fellow, should be thought to faine Extremely. 1636R. James Iter Lanc. (1845) 4 If storyes do not faine.
4. (More fully, † to feign to oneself.) To conjure up (delusive representations); to picture to oneself, imagine (what is unreal). Now rare.
1377Langl. P. Pl. B. Prol. 36 Somme..Feynen hem fantasies. 1525Tindale Matt. ix. 15 marg.-note, They fain themself no pain. 1578Timme Caluine on Gen., Cain..feigned to himself so many enemies, as there were men in the world. 1608Bp. Hall Char. Virtues & V., Either there are bugs, or he faineth them. 1635R. N. Camden's Hist. Eliz. i. 32 Some..feigned unto themselves vain dreames. 1674Owen Holy Spirit (1693) 200 Men have but deceived themselves..when they have feigned a Glory and a Beauty of the Church in other things. 1886Gurney Phantasms of Living I. 499 A sane..mind..can feign voices where there is silence.
†b. To imagine, believe erroneously and arbitrarily. Const. with obj. and inf., or object clause.
1557Tottell's Misc. (Arb.) 227 The soules..Are not in such a place, As foolish folke do faine. 1596Spenser F.Q. vi. xii. 19 Art thou yet alive, whom dead I long did faine? 1604E. G. D'Acosta's Hist. Indies iii. vi. 137 We faine, that some Angell and intellectuall Spirite dooth walk with the Comet. 1662Stillingfl. Orig. Sacr. i. iv. §11 The Straights, where they fained Hercules his pillars to be. 1728Newton Chronol. Amended 29 The ancients..feigned that this Island..had been as big as all Europe.
c. To assume fictitiously for purposes of calculation. arch. or Obs.
1688M. Prior Ode Ex. iii. 14 vi, And he too..Studies new Lines, and other Circles feigns. 1812Woodhouse Astron. i. 3 The bounding line of the horizon is feigned to be a circle. Ibid. x. 77 It becomes necessary then, to feign an observer in the center of the earth.
5. trans. To assert or maintain fictitiously; to allege, make out, pretend. Const. † with simple obj. or complement (rare), with obj. and inf., or with sentence as obj.
a1300E.E. Psalter xciii. [xciv.] 20 Whor sete of wicknes sal cleve to þe, Þate feinyhes swinke in bode to be? c1385Chaucer L.G.W. 932 Dido, Feyning the hors y-offred to Minerve. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VII. 61 Þe kyng..wolde..feyne trespas for to byneme hem [Englisshe] here money. 1541Barnes Wks. (1573) 189/1 To faine God to bee displeased with your king. 1548Hall Chron. 232 b, Fayning that he was thycke of hearyng. 1554Latimer in Strype Eccl. Mem. III. App. xxxiv. 90 That which is fayned of many, I for my Parte, take it but for a Papistical Invention. 1583Stanyhurst Aeneis ii. (Arb.) 61 The right valeant (whose soon thou art [printed thwart] feigned) Achilles. 1840Dickens Old C. Shop xviii, And feigning that his doing so was needful to the welfare of the cookery. 1863Draper Intell. Devel. Europe i. 4 [Man] has been feigned..to possess another immaterial principle.
†6. To put a false appearance upon; to disguise, dissemble, conceal. Obs.
1393Gower Conf. III. 208 She hath her..body feigned. c1400Destr. Troy 34 Poeyetis..With ffablis and falshed fayned þere speche. Ibid. 253 The ffalshed he faynit vnder faire wordes. c1500Lancelot 2397 The lady fayndit..The lowe quhich long hath ben In to her thocht. 1590Spenser F.Q. ii. iii. 20 Both doe strive their fearefulnesse to faine.
†7. refl.
a. To disguise one's sentiments, practise dissimulation, dissemble. Also intr. for refl. Obs.
c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 186, Vincent 49 Þov feinest þe. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 2376 Naþeles he fenede him, þat me vnder ȝete it noȝt. 13..Leg. Rood (1871) 85 All for noght þou feynes þe. 1382Wyclif Ecclus. xxiii. 13 If he shul feyne [si dissimulaverit] he shal trespasen double. c1450Merlin 14 When she it sough, she fayned her. 1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. vii. 6 It was counsailed to the kyng..hym selfe to fayne. 1559Mirr. Mag., Mortimers xix, Bid them beware their enmies when they faine.
†b. To assume a deceptive bearing. Obs.
c1470Henry Wallace vi. 208 Quhen Wallace feld thar curage was so small, He fenȝeit him for to comfort thaim all. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 96 Fayne thy self to appere outwardly more perfyte..than thou art.
8. trans. To make a show of, put on an appearance of, put on, pretend, simulate, sham; † to pretend to utter (words).
c1340Hampole Prose Tr. 10 Ypocrittes..feyne gud dede with-owttene. 1375Barbour Bruce i. 344 To fenyhe foly quhile is wyt. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VII. 85 Duke Edrik..feynynge a vomet..seide þat he was seek. 1393Gower Conf. I. 181 She feigned wordes in his ere. c1400Destr. Troy 3597 Fayne euer feire chere. 1598R. T[ofte] Months Minde G v, All was fained, 'twas not from the hart. 1602Marston Antonio's Rev. v. iii. Wks. 1856 I. 134 Each man straines To faine a jocund eye. 1741Middleton Cicero I. v. 385 Escaped death, onely by feigning it. 1791Boswell Johnson (1816) IV. 437 The serenity that is not felt, it can be no virtue to feign. a1839Praed Poems (1864) II. 162 The agony Which others feel or feign. 1856Kane Arct. Expl. II. vi. 72 They are both feigning sickness this morning.
b. absol. To practise simulation.
1612T. Taylor Comm. Titus i. 2 He seemeth to faine, by vttering things clean contrary to his mind. 1671Milton P.R. i. 474 It may stand him more in stead to..feign. 1724Ramsay Tea-t. Misc. (1733) I. 99 Tho' she be fair I will not fenzie. a1774Goldsm. Madrigal 3 Wks. (Globe) 691 Myra, too sincere for feigning. 1849C. Brontë Shirley xiii, She cannot feign; she scorns hypocrisy.
9. With refl. pron. as obj. followed by simple complement, † as, or to be: To make oneself appear, put on an appearance of being. † Formerly in wider use, with the refl. obj. followed by inf., that, as that.
1297R. Glouc. (1724) 336 He feynede hym somdel syk. 1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 4233 He sal hym feyn first als haly. c1386Chaucer Merch. T. 706 Sche feyned hir as that sche moste goon. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VII. 59 A wel false traytour..þat couþe wel feyne hym self trewe frende. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. ix. 128 Tho..feynede hem blynde. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xv. 66 A mysdoer..þat..thurgh his enchauntementz feyned him ane aungell. 1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 97/1 She fayned her alleway to be seke. 1568Grafton Chron. II. 204 The Queene..did feyne her selfe that shee would go on pilgrimage. 1611Bible 2 Sam. xiv. 2 Faine thy selfe to be a mourner. 1726De Foe Hist. Devil i. xi. (1840) 164 Satan made David feign himself mad. 1859Smiles Self-Help iii. 53 To..reconcile myself to it..is more manly than to feign myself above it.
b. intr. To pretend, make oneself appear. Const. to with inf. † Formerly with the same constructions as the refl. use above.
c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) iii. 10 He made signe of etyng and feyned as he had etyn. c1450St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 6344 He feynd als he þe toumbe walde kys. 1563–87Foxe A. & M. (1684) II. 79/1 He that hath no Faith, and yet faineth or pretendeth to haue. 1590Spenser F.Q. ii. i. 9 Feigning..in every limb to quake Through inward feare. 1632J. Hayward tr. Biondi's Eromena 6 Fayning to goe recreate himselfe..gave order publikly. 1778H. More Florio ii. 185 Yet feigned to praise the gothic treat. 1784Unfort. Sensibility II. 47, I have sometimes feigned sick, when I had no other succedaneum for avoiding their parties. 1843Emerson Carlyle Wks. (Bohn) III. 312 Such an appeal to the conscience..as cannot be..feigned to be forgotten. 1865Dickens Mut. Fr. ii. xvi, Tremlow feigns to compare the portrait.
10. To counterfeit, imitate deceptively (esp. a voice, handwriting).
1484Caxton æsop ii. ix, The wulf..faynynge the gotes voyce sayd. 1590Spenser F.Q. i. vii. 1 Truth, whose shape she [deceipt] well can faine. 1797Mrs. Radcliffe Italian iv, It was not difficult to disguise or to feign a voice. 1847Emerson Poems (1857) 213 Feigning dwarfs, they crouch and creep.
†b. To adulterate. Obs. rare.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvii. v. (1495) 606 The tree of aloes is feyned [sophisticatum] wyth a tree that is lyke therto in weyght & in knottes. 1614T. Adams Devills Banquet 324 Sometimes they faine it [this Balme] with water.
†c. To pass off (a thing) for something else.
1393Gower Conf. I. 17 Lo, how they feignen chalk for chese.
†11. To pretend to make (a pass) or to deal (a blow); also absol. to make a feint. Obs.
c1386Chaucer Knt.'s T. 1757 He feyneth on his foot with a tronchoun. 1470–85Malory Arthur x. xix, Some whyle they fayned, some whyle they strake as wyld men. 1632J. Hayward tr. Biondi's Eromena 3 Making with his point towards the others face, and faining a passage..The Prince..fained at him divers foynes.
†12. Music.
a. To sing softly, hum an air.
b. To sing with due regard to the ‘accidentals’, which the old notation did not indicate. [See Musica ficta in Grove Dict. Mus.; cf. also F. par feinte ‘by the alteration of a semitone’.] Obs.
c1440Promp. Parv. 153/1 Feynyn yn syngynge, or synge lowe. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 158 b, Not..feynynge, but with a full brest & hole voyce. a1529Skelton Comely Coystrowne 53 He techyth them..to solf & to fayne. ― Bowge of Courte 233 His throte was clere, and lustely coude fayne. 1530Palsgr. 548/1 We maye nat synge out..but lette us fayne this songe. 1553T. Wilson Rhet. 72 He feyneth to the lute marveilouse swetely.
† III. 13. [After OF. feindre, se feindre.] intr. and refl. To avoid one's duty by false pretences; to shirk, flinch, hang back. Also with inf.: To be reluctant or afraid to do something; to avoid, shirk (doing). Obs.
c1300K. Alis. 5884 Perdicas feyned noughth, For als a wode lyoun he faughth. c1369Chaucer Dethe Blaunche 317 Noon of hem..feyned To singe. a1400Morte Arth. 1734 Feyne ȝow noghte feyntly..Bot luke ȝe fyghte faythe⁓fully. c1400Rom. Rose 1797 Never this archer wolde feyne To shete at me. Ibid. 2996 If I may helpe you in ought, I shall not faine. 14..Lydg. Temple of Glas 996 She me constreyned..To ȝoure seruise, & neuer forto feyne. c1430Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 4721 Ye se me feyne neuer a dele. c1460Towneley Myst. (Surtees) 172 On both parties thus I play, and fenys me to ordan The right. 1523–5Ld. Berners Froiss. I. cccxiii. 194 b, There they made a great assaut. The Englysshmen fayned nat. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. I. 566 Exhortand thame..for na fray to feinȝie nor to fle.
†b. trans. To shirk, avoid fulfilling (a command); to ‘shuffle out of’ (one's word). Obs.
c1300Beket 42 Gilbert..feignede his word her and ther: and ne grantede noȝt. c1386Chaucer Clerk's T. 473 Lordes hestes mow not ben i-feynit. |